全国幼儿园及中小学校性教育开展状况

刘文利; 李佳洋; 李依洋

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024004

全国幼儿园及中小学校性教育开展状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024004

1.
北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心，北京 100875
2.
北京师范大学心理学部认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室
3.
北京师范大学教育学部

基金项目:

联合国人口基金和联合国教科文组织项目 UNFPA/CHN/2019/04

北京师范大学项目 2020SKZZ01

北京师范大学项目 2019-01-113-BZK01

详细信息

作者简介:
刘文利(1959-)，女，北京市人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为儿童性发展与教育、学校性教育课程及教学材料研发、家庭性教育

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G478 R167 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-01
- 修回日期: 2023-11-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-02-01
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-25

Sexuality education at kindergarten and primary and secondary school setting across China

1.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing (100875), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解学校性教育现状、教师和学生对性教育的评价和态度等，为促进学校性教育的开展提供依据。方法于2021年9—10月使用网络问卷收集全国范围内的基础教育阶段学生性知识获取情况、对性教育的态度以及学校性教育经历，获有效问卷2 140份；对幼儿园及中小学教师调查其对性教育的态度、性教育实践经验与技能水平、开展性教育教学面临的困难等，获有效问卷2 146份。对数据进行描述统计，并采用Logistic回归分析探究教师讲授性教育课程意愿的影响因素。结果 52.06%的学生未接受过学校性教育，47.53%的教师所任教的学校未开展性教育。学校性教育内容主要集中在生殖健康和身体发育领域。48.93%的教师认为学校性教育开展情况一般，高中生认为学校性教育“很不好”(32.87%)或“不太好”(21.23%)的比例最高。在开展性教育的学校中，承担性教育工作的教师55.51%为心理健康教师。71.02%的教师认为开展性教育的最佳方式是独立设课。小学生和高中生认为“非常需要”和“有点需要”性教育的占比均超过50%，51.77%的教师认为性教育“非常急迫”。对性教育效果的认可程度、性问题解答信心、外界对于性教育的支持程度增加和接受性教育培训会增加教师讲授性教育(课程)的可能(OR值分别为1.02，1.95，1.03，3.53，P值均 < 0.05)。结论当前学校性教育开展情况不容乐观，与学生对性教育需求之间的差距大，教师开展性教育能力不足。学校应重视性教育，加强教师性教育培训，满足学生对性教育需求。
- 性教育 /
- 态度 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation of school-based sexuality education, attitudes and evaluations of teachers and students toward sexuality education, so as to provide evidence for promoting the development of school-based sexuality education. Methods From September to October 2021, 2 140 valid data from students in basic education and 2 146 from kindergarten and primary and secondary school teachers were collected by online questionnaire. The data were described and statistically analyzed, and the influencing factors of teachers' willingness to teach sexuality education courses were explored by logistic regression analysis. Results About 52.06% of the students had not received sexuality education in school, and 47.53% of the teachers did not carry out sexuality education in the school. Sexuality education in schools mainly focuses on reproductive health and physical development. About 48.93% of the teachers thought that the implementation of sexuality education in schools was not good, and the proportion of high school students who thought sexuality education in schools were "very bad" (32.87%) or "not very good" (21.23%) was the highest. The teachers who undertook sexuality education were mainly mental health teachers (55.51% reported by teachers, 43.96% reported by students). About 71.02% of teachers believe that the best way to carry out sexuality education classes was to set up sexuality education curriculum. Students and teachers reported the need for sexuality education, and more than 50% of primary school students and high school students thought that sexuality education were "very needed" and "somewhat needed". About 51.77% of teachers considered sexuality education "very urgent". All increased recognition of sexuality education, confidence in answering sex questions, external support for sexuality education, and acceptance of sexuality education training increased the likelihood of teachers teaching sexuality education (OR=1.02, 1.95, 1.03, 3.53, P < 0.05). Conclusion The current situation of school-based sexuality education is not optimistic, the gap between sexuality education and students' needs is wide, and the abilities of sexuality education teachers are insufficient.
- Sex educaiton /
- Attitude /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同学段学生性知识来源报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of reporting rate of sexual knowledge among students of different grades

学段	人数	父母	教师	校外培训或讲座	同伴	医学书籍	科普读物	文学作品	影视作品	网络搜索	色情制品	其他
小学一至三年级	80	70(87.50)	43(53.75)	4(5.00)	2(2.50)	4(5.00)	27(33.75)	1(1.25)	7(8.75)	4(5.00)	2(2.50)	2(2.50)
小学四至六年级	158	120(75.95)	126(79.75)	13(8.23)	17(10.76)	12(7.59)	48(30.38)	13(8.23)	13(8.23)	18(11.39)	2(1.27)	1(0.63)
初中	974	511(52.46)	477(48.97)	144(14.78)	260(26.69)	140(14.37)	313(32.14)	160(16.43)	86(8.83)	167(17.15)	44(4.52)	18(1.85)
高中	928	190(20.47)	165(17.78)	74(7.97)	304(32.76)	149(16.06)	384(41.38)	280(30.17)	201(21.66)	427(46.01)	188(20.26)	30(3.23)
χ²/Welch值		183.05	155.79	9.18	67.22	8.25	6.71	76.45	22.25	98.23	50.66	3.11
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.03
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 不同学段学生对性教育内容认识报告率比较

Table 2. Comparison of cognitive reporting rates of the content of sexuality education among students of different grades

学段	人数	隐私部位保护	青春期保健	预防性侵害	积极的性态度	人际交往	性别平等	性倾向	性别刻板印象	恋爱和婚姻	子女养育
小学一至三年级	80	75(93.75)	56(70.00)	60(75.00)	25(31.25)	28(35.00)	32(40.00)	24(30.00)	13(16.25)	21(26.25)	22(27.50)
小学四至六年级	158	142(89.87)	112(70.89)	122(77.22)	64(40.51)	65(41.14)	94(59.49)	55(34.81)	43(27.22)	66(41.77)	51(32.28)
初中	974	824(84.60)	623(63.96)	683(70.12)	459(47.13)	462(47.43)	619(63.55)	437(44.87)	380(39.01)	442(45.38)	292(29.98)
高中	928	818(88.15)	631(68.00)	779(83.94)	655(70.58)	453(48.81)	719(77.48)	657(70.80)	608(65.52)	560(60.34)	339(36.53)

学段	人数	家庭关系	沟通技巧	解决冲突的办法	避孕和人工流产	歧视与偏见	校园欺凌	性传播感染和艾滋病	性愉悦	其他
小学一至三年级	80	21(26.25)	19(23.75)	16(20.00)	24(30.00)	22(27.50)	34(42.50)	40(50.00)	15(18.75)	0
小学四至六年级	158	59(37.34)	54(34.18)	47(29.75)	49(31.01)	45(28.48)	68(43.04)	77(48.73)	36(22.78)	1(0.63)
初中	974	339(34.80)	292(29.98)	279(28.64)	383(39.32)	414(42.51)	416(42.71)	474(48.67)	348(35.73)	11(1.13)
高中	928	391(42.13)	356(38.36)	346(37.28)	598(64.44)	568(61.21)	474(51.08)	699(75.32)	547(58.94)	16(1.72)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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