Knowledge of disinfection and its influencing factors among caregivers in childcare centers in Huangpu District, Shanghai City
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摘要:
目的 了解上海市黄浦区托幼机构保育员消毒知识现状及其影响因素, 为今后制定有针对性的培训计划和提升托幼机构消毒从业人员专业水平的工作方案提供依据。 方法 2023年3月选取黄浦区共62家托幼机构(含托育园)423名保育员进行消毒知识、影响因素和培训需求等进行问卷普查；用χ2检验比较不同特征对象消毒知识知晓情况的差异，并采用多因素二元Logistic回归模型分析消毒知识知晓情况影响因素。 结果 保育员消毒知识总体知晓率为50.12%，公办托幼机构、民办托幼机构、托育园保育员知晓率分别为51.35%，46.18%，42.57%，差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.25，P＜0.05)。回归分析结果显示，示范托幼机构(OR=4.50，95%CI=1.97~10.29)、一级托幼机构(OR=4.29，95%CI=1.98~9.33)、机构发生过聚集性疫情(OR=1.87，95%CI=1.14~3.07)、幼儿和保育员人数比＜10∶1(OR=21.81，95%CI=2.55~186.59)、工作年限6~14年(OR=3.51，95%CI=1.59~7.75)的保育员消毒知识掌握更好(P值均＜0.05)。 结论 上海市托幼机构保育员消毒知识知晓率较低；应采取针对性措施，加强对工作年限少、托育园等保育员消毒知识培训，提高保育员消毒专业知识和技能水平。 Abstract:Objective To understand the knowledge of disinfection and its influencing factors among caregivers in childcare centers in Huangpu District, Shanghai, in order to provide a basis for the future development of targeted training programs and the work plan to enhance the professional level of disinfection practitioners in childcare centers. Methods A total of 423 caregivers from 62 childcare centers (including nursery schools) in Huangpu District were selected for a questionnaire about disinfection knowledge, influencing factors, and training needs in March 2023. Differences in disinfection knowledge among subjects with different characteristics were compared using χ2 tests, and influencing factors were analyzed using a multi-factor binary Logistic regression model. Results The overall knowledge rate of disinfection among caregivers was 50.12%, and those in public kindergartens, private ones, and nursery schools were 51.35%, 46.18%, and 42.57%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ2=14.25, P < 0.05). The caregivers in the highest level kindergartens (OR=4.50, 95%CI=1.97-10.29), in first level ones (OR=4.29, 95%CI=1.98-9.33), in the institutions had clusters of outbreaks (OR=1.87, 95%CI=1.14-3.07), in which the number of children to caregivers ratio being less than 10∶1 (OR=21.81, 95%CI=2.55-186.59), with 6-14 years of working experience (OR=3.51, 95%CI=1.59-7.75) had better knowledge of disinfection(P < 0.05). Conclusions Knowledge of disinfection among caregivers of childcare institutions is low in Huangpu District, Shanghai. Training of caregivers' disinfection knowledge should be strengthened for caregivers with fewer years of experience, in childcare institutions, to improve caregivers' disinfection expertise and skills. -
Key words:
- Disinfection /
- Knowledge /
- Regression analysis /
- Health personnel
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。2) 范俊华与唐毅并列第一作者。 -
表 1 上海市黄浦区保育员消毒知识知晓率不同类型托幼机构比较
Table 1. Comparison of knowledge of disinfection among caregivers in different types of childcare institutions in Huangpu District, Shanghai
题目 公办(n=312) 民办(n=76) 托育园(n=35) χ2值 P值 消毒基础理论 消毒基础概念 129(41.35) 16(21.05) 14(40.00) 10.82 ＜0.01 消毒法规标准 111(35.58) 19(25.00) 4(11.43) 10.39 ＜0.01 消毒物资 消毒剂 142(45.51) 35(46.05) 10(28.57) 3.79 0.15 消毒药械 111(35.58) 22(28.95) 8(22.86) 3.09 0.21 口罩佩戴 298(95.51) 74(97.37) 34(97.14) 0.68 0.71 个人防护用品 230(73.72) 63(82.89) 24(68.57) 3.57 0.17 不同对象消毒操作 空气消毒 37(11.86) 4(5.26) 1(2.86) 5.11 0.08 物体表面消毒 218(69.87) 52(68.42) 21(60.00) 1.44 0.49 呕吐物处置消毒 206(66.03) 43(56.58) 20(57.14) 3.04 0.22 终末消毒 120(38.46) 23(30.26) 13(37.14) 1.77 0.41 注： ()内数字为知晓率/%。 
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表 2 上海市黄浦区保育员不同组别消毒知识掌握情况比较
Table 2. Comparison of disinfection knowledge mastery among different groups of caregivers in Huangpu District, Shanghai
变量 选项 人数 掌握好 掌握差 χ2值 P值 机构类型 公办 312 203(65.06) 109(34.94) 9.44 ＜0.01 民办 76 38(50.00) 38(50.00) 托育园 35 16(45.71) 19(54.29) 机构等级 示范园 126 89(70.63) 37(29.37) 22.53 ＜0.01 一级 184 120(65.22) 64(34.78) 二级及以下 113 48(42.48) 65(57.52) 机构发生过 是 189 133(70.37) 56(29.63) 12.24 ＜0.01 聚集性疫情 否 234 124(52.99) 110(47.01) 幼儿和保育 ＜10∶1 15 14(93.33) 1(6.67) 8.19 0.02 人数比 10∶1~＜20∶1 167 94(56.29) 73(43.71) ≥20∶1 241 149(61.83) 92(38.17) 年龄/岁 18~35 24 16(66.67) 8(33.33) 13.47 ＜0.01 36~45 141 93(65.96) 48(34.04) 46~55 224 137(61.16) 87(38.84) ≥56 34 11(32.35) 23(67.65) 消毒工作年 0~5 218 128(58.72) 90(41.28) 17.19 ＜0.01 限/年 6~14 163 114(69.94) 49(30.06) ≥15 42 15(35.71) 27(64.29) 培训频率每年 是 408 254(62.25) 154(37.75) 10.83 ＜0.01 至少1次 否 15 3(20.00) 12(80.00) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 3 上海市黄浦区保育员消毒知识掌握情况相关因素的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=423)
Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of factors related to the mastery of disinfection knowledge among caregivers in Huangpu District, Shanghai (n=423)
自变量与常量 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(95%CI) 常量 -2.65 0.92 8.24 ＜0.01 0.07 机构类型 公办 -0.84 0.54 2.39 0.12 0.43(0.15~1.25) 民办 -0.21 0.51 0.17 0.68 0.81(0.30~2.22) 托育园 1.00 机构等级 示范园 1.50 0.42 12.69 ＜0.01 4.50(1.97~10.29) 一级 1.46 0.40 13.54 ＜0.01 4.29(1.98~9.33) 二级及以下 1.00 机构发生过聚集 是 0.63 0.25 6.20 0.01 1.87(1.14~3.07) 否 1.00 幼儿和保育员人数比 ＜10∶1 3.08 1.10 7.92 ＜0.01 21.81(2.55~186.59) 10∶1~＜20∶1 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.99 1.00(0.62~1.61) ≥20∶1 1.00 年龄/岁 18~35 1.16 0.67 2.98 0.08 3.20(0.85~11.97) 36~45 0.68 0.51 1.77 0.18 1.97(0.73~5.36) 46~55 0.47 0.48 0.95 0.33 1.60(0.62~4.11) ≥56 1.00 消毒工作年限/年 0~5 0.75 0.39 3.66 0.06 2.13(0.98~4.60) 6~14 1.26 0.40 9.64 ＜0.01 3.51(1.59~7.75) ≥15 1.00 培训频率每年至少1次 是 0.94 0.74 1.64 0.20 2.57(0.60~10.91) 否 1.00
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