陕西省中小学生功能性便秘患病率及相关因素分析

杨幸; 王璐; 秦斌; 赵晓静; 董蕾

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.12.028

陕西省中小学生功能性便秘患病率及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.12.028

杨幸¹,
王璐²,
秦斌³,
赵晓静¹,
董蕾^3, ,

1.
西安交通大学第二附属医院全科医学科，陕西 710004
2.
包头医学院第二附属医院消化内科
3.
西安交通大学第二附属医院消化内科

详细信息

作者简介:
杨幸(1992-)，女，陕西兴平人，硕士，住院医师，主要研究方向为消化系统疾病

通讯作者:
董蕾，E-mail：dong556@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R155.1 R256.35
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-11
- 修回日期: 2023-09-29
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-25

The prevalence and associated factors of functional constipation among primary and middle school students in Shaanxi Province

1.
Department of General Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an (710004), Shaanxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解陕西省中小学生功能性便秘(FC)患病率及相关因素分析，为预防学生功能性便秘提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法，于2017年3—9月对陕西省8所中小学10~18岁的9 133名小学、初中、高中生进行问卷调查。采用χ²检验以及多因素Logistic回归分析陕西省中小学生功能性便秘的影响因素。结果符合FC罗马Ⅳ诊断标准的学生共364名，患病率为3.99%。其中男生155名，患病率为3.43%；女生209名，患病率4.53%。单因素分析提示性别，母乳喂养，与父母分离，长期学校用餐，主食种类，早餐、凉食、辣食、油炸食物、腌制食物、甜食、蔬菜等进食频率与功能性便秘有关，组间差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为7.30，18.75，20.89，35.54，22.43，16.05，21.31，13.97，10.33，23.96，16.25，17.74，P值均＜0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，女生、非母乳喂养、与父母分离、长期学校用餐、很少吃主食/主食以米饭为主、从不吃蔬菜与功能性便秘的发生呈正相关(OR值分别为1.37，1.96，1.52，2.07，1.76，1.58，2.31，P值均＜0.05)。结论中小学生功能性便秘患病率较高。应重点关注中小学生饮食习惯和食物分类等相关影响因素，预防中小学生功能性便秘的发生。
- 便秘 /
- 患病率 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence and associated factors of functional constipation(FC) among primary and middle school students in Shaanxi Province, in order to provide a basis for preventing FC in students. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 9 133 primary and middle school students aged 10-18 in eight primary and secondary schools in Shaanxi Province from March to September, 2017. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the associated factors of FC among primary and middle school students in Shaanxi Province. Results There were a total of 364 students meeting the FC Rome Ⅳ diagnostic criteria, with a prevalence rate of 3.99%. Among them, there were 155 male students with a prevalence rate of 3.43%, and 209 female students with a prevalence rate of 4.53%. Univariate analysis showed that gender, breastfeeding, separation from parents, long-term school meals, types of staple foods, breakfast frequency, cold foods eating frequency, spicy foods eating frequency, fried food eating frequency, pickled food eating frequency, desserts eating frequency, vegetables eating frequency were related to FC, and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=7.30, 18.75, 20.89, 35.54, 22.43, 16.05, 21.31, 13.97, 10.33, 23.96, 16.25, 17.74, P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that female, non breastfeeding, separation from parents, long-term school meals, low consumption of staple food/staple food dominated by rice, and never eating vegetables were positively correlated with FC(OR=1.37, 1.96, 1.52, 2.07, 1.76, 1.58, 2.31, P < 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of functional constipation is higher in primary and middle school students. Attention should be paid to factors related to students' dietary habits and food classification to prevent the occurrence of FC in primary and middle school students.
- Constipation /
- Prevalence /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 陕西省中小学生FC的单因素分析

Table 1. Univariate analysis of FC among primary and middle school students in Shaanxi Province

组别	选项	人数	FC人数	χ²值	P值	组别	选项	人数	FC人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	4 524	155(3.43)	7.30	0.01	高纤维食物	从不	2 016	93(4.61)	5.44	0.25
	女	4 609	209(4.53)				偶尔	3 452	123(3.56)
母乳喂养	是	7 794	282(3.62)	18.75	＜0.01		有时	2 179	82(3.76)
	否	1 339	82(6.12)				经常	1 166	45(3.86)
与父母分离	是	3 666	188(5.13)	20.89	＜0.01		每天	320	21(6.56)
	否	5 467	176(3.22)			油炸食物	从不	1 803	59(3.27)	10.33	0.04
长期学校用餐	是	5 971	291(4.87)	35.54	＜0.01		偶尔	4 005	148(3.70)
	否	3 162	73(2.31)				有时	2 152	100(4.65)
主食种类	面食为主	1 529	62(4.05)	22.43	＜0.01		经常	887	34(3.83)
	米饭为主	2 356	125(5.31)				每天	286	23(8.04)
	很少吃主食	1 103	66(5.98)			腌制食物	从不	2 604	71(2.73)	23.96	＜0.01
	两者都吃	4 145	111(2.68)				偶尔	3 502	139(3.97)
早餐	从不	218	14(6.42)	16.05	0.01		有时	1 937	73(3.77)
	偶尔	4 684	228(4.87)				经常	858	61(7.11)
	有时	487	20(4.11)				每天	232	20(8.62)
	经常	1 907	54(2.83)			甜食	从不	1 639	54(3.29)	16.25	＜0.01
	每天	1 837	48(2.61)				偶尔	3 684	128(3.47)
凉食	从不	807	16(1.98)	21.31	＜0.01		有时	2 419	93(3.84)
	偶尔	2 707	77(2.84)				经常	1 045	61(5.84)
	有时	2 828	139(4.92)				每天	346	28(8.09)
	经常	578	41(7.09)			高淀粉食物	从不	765	24(3.14)	5.18	0.27
	每天	2 213	91(4.11)				偶尔	2 540	103(4.06)
辣食	从不	1 553	55(3.54)	13.97	0.01		有时	2 931	105(3.58)
	偶尔	4 287	153(3.57)				经常	2 158	89(4.12)
	有时	2 097	93(4.43)				每天	739	43(5.82)
	经常	914	36(3.94)			水果	从不	501	34(6.79)	6.95	0.14
	每天	282	27(9.57)				偶尔	2 172	87(4.01)
乳制品	从不	1 071	48(4.48)	2.75	0.60		有时	2 770	114(4.12)
	偶尔	3 302	129(3.91)				经常	2 457	84(3.42)
	有时	2 498	111(4.44)				每天	1 233	45(3.65)
	经常	1 486	46(3.10)			蔬菜	从不	297	23(7.74)	17.74	0.01
	每天	776	30(3.87)				偶尔	1 744	100(5.73)
碳酸饮料	从不	1 339	48(3.58)	4.05	0.40		有时	2 700	100(3.70)
	偶尔	2 541	89(3.50)				经常	2 377	77(3.24)
	有时	2 325	114(4.90)				每天	2 015	64(3.18)
	经常	1 970	75(3.81)
	每天	958	38(3.97)
注： ()内数字为患病率/%。

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表 2 陕西省中小学生FC多因素Logistic回归分析(n=9 133)

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of FC among primary and middle school students in Shaanxi Province(n=9 133)

自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
性别	0.32	0.16	3.96	0.05	1.37(1.04~1.98)
非母乳喂养	0.67	0.18	14.11	＜0.01	1.96(1.36~2.76)
与父母分离	0.42	0.15	7.30	＜0.01	1.52(1.12~2.06)
长期学校用餐	0.73	0.24	9.42	＜0.01	2.07(1.30~3.30)
主食种类
面食为主	0.23	0.26	1.28	0.26	1.30(0.83~2.05)
米饭为主	0.46	0.19	5.47	0.02	1.58(1.08~2.31)
很少吃主食	0.57	0.23	6.07	0.01	1.76(1.12~2.77)
蔬菜
从不	0.80	0.37	5.25	0.02	2.31(1.13~4.71)
偶尔	0.41	0.24	2.86	0.09	1.50(0.94~2.40)
有时	0.06	0.24	0.07	0.79	1.06(0.67~1.69)
经常	-0.02	0.24	0.01	0.93	0.98(0.61~1.58)

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