高强度间歇训练运动对肥胖小学生身体健康影响

曹甍; 于丰源; 高榕蔓; 李嘉欣; 杨河金; 王晓东

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.12.022

高强度间歇训练运动对肥胖小学生身体健康影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.12.022

1.
深圳大学体育学院，广东 518000
2.
深圳市福田区新洲小学
3.
广州新华学院
4.
趣动未来 (深圳)科技有限公司

基金项目:

国家体育总局科技创新项目 22KJCX035

广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划青年项目 GD20YTY02

详细信息

作者简介:
曹甍(1986-)，男，安徽宣城人，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为运动健康促进

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G806 R723.14 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-14
- 修回日期: 2023-10-25
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-25

Effect of high-intensity interval training exercise prescription on the physical health of obese primary school students

1.
Sports College of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen (518000), Guangdong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨高强度间歇训练(HIIT)对肥胖小学生身体成分和心肺适能的影响，为HIIT运动处方应用于学校提供理论依据和实践参考。方法 2022年8—12月，招募深圳市某小学25名肥胖小学生[年龄(11.0±0.4)岁，体质量指数(BMI): (23.3±0.8)kg/m²]随机分为运动组(13名)和对照组(12名)。在12周运动干预后[负荷期与间歇期时间均为15 s，负荷期运动强度为100%最大有氧速度(MAS)，间歇期运动强度为50%MAS，每次2组×8回合，组间休息2 min，共10 min，每4周进行1次20 m往返跑测试(20 m-SRT)以调整和更新MAS]，比较干预前后肥胖小学生身体成分和心肺适能指标的变化。结果干预后，运动组肥胖小学生的体重、BMI、体脂肪含量、体脂率和内脏脂肪面积分别由(55.6±6.2)kg，(22.7±0.6)kg/m²，(41.8±6.9)kg，(23.4±5.5)%和(102.4±39.0)cm²下降至(52.3±5.8)kg，(21.1±0.8)kg/m²，(38.6±6.3)kg，(20.2±4.5)%和(84.2±26.9)cm²(t值分别为8.73，10.96，7.02，4.92，4.95)；收缩压(SBP)由(115.4±9.7)mmHg下降至(112.3±8.7)mmHg(t=2.96)；骨骼肌含量、20 m-SRT和最大摄氧量(VO₂max)分别由(21.3±5.3)kg，(21.6±4.9)次，(39.4±2.0)mL/(kg·min)增加至(21.8±5.2)kg、(31.4±6.3)次和(43.6±2.6)mL/(kg·min)(t值分别为-3.33，-8.37，-10.56)(P值均＜0.05)。结论 HIIT运动处方有效改善了肥胖小学生的身体成分与心肺适能，有条件的学校可将其作为肥胖学生减控体重、提高心肺健康水平的干预措施。
- 体育和训练 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To examine the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of obese primary school students, so as to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for HIIT exercise prescription in schools. Methods From August to December 2022, 25 obese children [age: (11.0±0.4)years, BMI: (23.3±0.8)kg/m²] from a primary school in Shenzhen were recruited and divided into an exercise group (n=13) and a control group (n=12). After 12 weeks of exercise intervention [The durations of load period and intermittent period were 15 s, load exercise intensity was 100% maximal aerobic speed (MAS), and intermittent exercise intensity was 50% MAS, each time there were 2 groups× 8 rounds, and the rest between groups was 2 minutes, totaling 10 minutes, and 20 meter shuttle run test (20 m-SRT) was performed once every 4 weeks to adjust and update MAS], the changes in body composition and cardio-respiratory fitness indexes of obese subjects before and after the intervention were compared. Results After the intervention, body weight, BMI, body fat, body fat percentage, and visceral adipose tissue area of obese subjects in the exercise group decreased from (55.6±6.2)kg, (22.7±0.6)kg/m², (41.8±6.9)kg, (23.4±5.5)% and (102.4±39.0)cm² to (52.3±5.8)kg, (21.1±0.8)kg/m², (38.6±6.3)kg, (20.2±4.5)% and (84.2±26.9)cm², respectively(t=8.73, 10.96, 7.02, 4.92, 4.95, P < 0.05). SBP decreased from (115.4±9.7)mmHg to (112.3±8.7)mmHg (t=2.96, P < 0.05). The content of skeletal muscle, 20 m-SRT and VO₂max increased from (21.3±5.3)kg, (21.6±4.9) times and (39.4±2.0)mL/(kg ·min) to (21.8±5.2)kg, (31.4±6.3)times and (43.6±2.6)mL/(kg ·min), respectively (t=-3.33, -8.37, -10.56, P < 0.05). Conclusions HIIT is an effective way to improve the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of obese primary school students. It is recommended that schools with the necessary conditions use this method as an intervention measure to help reduce weight and improve cardiovascular health among obese students.
- Physical education and training /
- Obesity /
- Growth and development /
- Intervention studies /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别肥胖小学生干预前后身体成分指标比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of body composition of obese primary school students pre and post intervention among different groups(x±s)

组别	干预前后	人数	统计值	每日能量摄入/kcal	体重/kg	BMI/(kg·m^-2)	体脂肪/kg	体脂率/%	骨骼肌/kg	内脏脂肪面积/cm²
运动组	干预前	15		2 990.5±253.4	55.6±6.2	22.7±0.6	41.8±6.9	23.4±5.5	21.3±5.3	102.4±39.0
	干预后	13		3 075.9±157.6	52.3±5.8	21.1±0.8	38.6±6.3	20.2±4.5	21.8±5.2	84.2±26.9
			t值	-0.13	8.73	10.96	7.02	4.92	-3.33	4.95
			P值	0.90	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
对照组	干预前	15		3 002.3±227.7	54.3±2.7	23.8±1.1	40.4±3.9	22.2±2.5	18.7±2.8	106.9±30.3
	干预后	12		3 013.4±165.8	54.7±2.5	23.6±1.1	41.3±4.1	22.8±2.6	19.2±2.5	107.7±28.5
			t值	-1.02	-1.20	1.22	-2.11	-1.46	-2.30	-0.49
			P值	0.32	0.26	0.25	0.06	0.17	0.04	0.63
注：1 kcal=4.18 kJ。

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表 2 不同组别肥胖小学生干预前后心肺适能指标比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of cardiorespiratory fitness of obese primary school students pre and post intervention among different groups (x±s)

组别	干预前后	人数	统计值	20 m-SRT/次	VO₂max/[mL·(kg·min)^-1]	SBP/mmHg	DBP/mmHg
运动组	干预前	15		21.6±4.9	39.4±2.0	115.4±9.7	67.5±7.1
	干预后	13		31.4±6.3	43.6±2.6	112.3±8.7	65.9±3.9
			t值	-8.37	-10.56	2.96	1.27
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.01	0.23
对照组	干预前	15		19.4±5.6	37.9±2.4	116.6±6.8	69.3±8.2
	干预后	12		22.2±5.5	39.1±2.2	116.8±6.2	68.9±6.3
			t值	-3.44	-4.06	0.33	0.18
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.75	0.86
注：1 mmHg=0.133 kPa。

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