学龄前儿童身体活动及久坐行为与跟骨骨密度的关系

温蕾; 张姝娜; 孙顺利; 苏利强; 黄婷; 邹维娜; 付近梅; 赵淼琳

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.12.018

学龄前儿童身体活动及久坐行为与跟骨骨密度的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.12.018

1.
广西师范大学体育与健康学院，桂林 541006
2.
江西省体育科学医疗中心
3.
江西师范大学体育学院
4.
福建师范大学体育科学学院
5.
江西省体操运动管理中心
6.
江西省清江中学

基金项目:

江西省社科“十四五”基金项目 22TY20D

详细信息

作者简介:
温蕾(1999-)，女，江西吉安人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为学龄前儿童身体活动与体质健康促进

通讯作者:
付近梅，E-mail: 564064515@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R726.8 G806 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-12
- 修回日期: 2023-10-31
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-25

Association of pre-school children physical activities and sedentary behaviors on calcanues bone density

1.
School of PE and Health, Guangxi Normal Univeristy, Guiling (541006), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨学龄前儿童身体活动(PA)强度、久坐行为(SB)与跟骨骨密度(BMD)的关系，为合理安排学龄前儿童每日PA，促进骨健康提供依据。方法于2021年9—12月，采用分层整群随机抽样法，在江西省萍乡市、赣州市和鹰潭共抽取9所幼儿园，使用三轴加速度传感器对673名3~6岁学龄前儿童的PA水平与SB进行测量，超声骨密度仪测量受试者左脚跟部BMD。采用多元线性回归探讨各年龄段学龄前儿童PA时长对跟骨BMD的影响。结果 673名学龄前儿童中，达到平均每天≥60 min中高强度身体活动(MVPA)的498名(74.0%)，男生265名(71.2%)，女生233名(77.4%)，性别间差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.77，P>0.05)。跟骨BMD检测，性别间差异无统计学意义(Z=0.42，P>0.05)，3，4，5~6岁学龄前儿童跟骨BMD结果比较，差异有统计学意义(H=2.65，P < 0.05)。相关分析发现，SB时长和跟骨BMD呈负相关(r=-0.13)；低强度身体活动(LPA)、MVPA时长和跟骨BMD呈正相关(r值分别为0.14，0.25)(P值均 < 0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示，SB时长与跟骨BMD负性相关，LPA和MVPA时长与跟骨BMD正性相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论 MVPA时长与跟骨BMD呈正相关，SB时长与跟骨BMD呈负相关。幼儿园应根据学龄前儿童身心发育特点、性别及年龄差异对课程进行调整，增加室外活动时间，减少久坐时长，促进幼儿骨健康。
- 运动活动 /
- 久坐生活方式 /
- 骨密度 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of physical activity (PA) intensity and sedentary behavior (SB) on calcanues bone mineral density (BMD) in preschool children, so as to provide a basis for rationalizing the daily physical activity of preschool children to promote bone health. Methods A total of 673 pre-school children aged 3-6 years from nine kindergartens in Pingxiang City, Ganzhou City and Yingtan City of Jiangxi Province, were selected from September to December 2021 by using the whole stratified cluster random sampling method. The PA levels and SB were measured by using a three-axis acceleration sensor, and left calcanues BMD was measured by an ultrasound bone densitometer. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the effects of changes in PA on calcanues BMD in pre-school children of all ages. Results Of the 673 preschoolers surveyed, 498 (74.0%) achieved an average of ≥60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day, there were 265 boys (71.2%), and 233 girls (77.4%). The difference between genders was not statistically significant (χ²=2.77, P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the BMD test of the calcaneus bones of preschoolers by gender (Z=0.42, P>0.05). The difference in BMD results of pre-school children with 3, 4, 5 to 6 years was statistically significant (H=2.65, P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between SB duration and calcaneus BMD (r=-0.13), and a positive correlation between low-intensity physical activity (LPA) duration, MVPA duration, and calcaneus BMD (r=0.14, 0.25) (P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that SB duration negatively correlated with calcaneus BMD, whereas LPA and MVPA duration positively correlated with calcaneus BMD (P < 0.05). Conclusions MVPA duration is positively correlated with the growth of BMD in the heel bone and negatively correlated with SB. The kindergartens can adjust their curricula according to the physical and mental developmental characteristics, gender and age differences of pre-school children, increase the time of outdoor activities, and reduce the sedentary time to promote the bone health of young children.
- Motor activity /
- Sedentary life style /
- Bond density /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 各年龄性别儿童身体活动及久坐行为时间工作日与周末比较(x±s, min/d)

Table 1. Comparison of PA and SB of male and female students in different age groups (x±s, min/d)

年龄/岁	性别	人数	SB					LPA					MVPA
年龄/岁	性别	人数	工作日	周末	合计	t值	P值	工作日	周末	合计	t值	P值	工作日	周末	合计	t值	P值
3	男	104	628.8±92.9	614.9±93.9	624.3±84.3	1.37	0.91	44.7±10.1	46.5±11.7	45.2±9.7	-1.71	0.16	82.4±24.0	86.1±26.7	83.5±23.0	-0.77	0.08
	女	80	612.3±100.0	598.4±81.1	607.1±88.5	1.18	0.78	42.2±9.4	45.0±11.7	42.9±9.0	-1.81	0.11	78.4±19.3	85.0±25.8	81.1±18.7	-0.52	0.56
4	男	136	625.0±95.5	613.6±87.0	620.9±83.2	1.07	0.80	42.8±9.1	45.7±12.2	43.7±9.2	-0.81	0.48	82.4±22.4	87.6±29.0	84.0±21.8	-1.37	0.22
	女	115	637.0±81.6	616.0±103.6	626.7±95.4	1.93	< 0.05	42.5±9.1	44.5±13.7	43.0±9.1	-0.11	0.61	80.0±18.8	83.5±23.1	81.3±18.2	-1.28	0.06
5~6	男	132	628.4±86.7	613.9±90.8	624.1±78.4	0.82	0.37	41.0±9.1	44.8±11.1	42.7±8.3	-0.50	0.46	80.0±22.4	87.0±27.3	87.0±27.3	-0.90	0.61
	女	106	618.9±97.0	608.2±88.2	615.9±82.6	0.51	0.58	41.5±8.6	43.3±12.3	42.1±8.5	-1.04	0.60	81.0±21.4	86.5±30.8	85.6±30.8	-0.15	0.44

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表 2 学龄前儿童身体活动时长与跟骨BMD的相关性(r值)

Table 2. Association between PA duration and calcaneal BMD in preschool children (r)

年龄/岁	人数	SB	LPA	MVPA
3	184	-0.11	0.14	0.22
4	251	-0.13	0.15	0.37
5~6	238	-0.13	0.14	0.15
总体	673	-0.13	0.14	0.25
注： P值均 < 0.05。

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表 3 不同年龄段学龄前儿童身体活动、久坐行为时长与跟骨BMD多元线性回归分析

Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of duration of PA、SB and calcaneal BMD in preschool children among different ages

年龄/岁	PA类型	β值	P值	F值	R²值
3(n=184)	SB	-0.15	0.04	7.20	0.17
	LPA	0.15	0.05
	MVPA	0.20	< 0.01
4(n=251)	SB	-0.13	0.04	5.71	0.15
	LPA	0.15	0.02
	MVPA	0.37	< 0.01
5~6(n=238)	SB	-0.13	0.05	4.33	0.13
	LPA	0.14	0.04
	MVPA	0.15	0.02
总体(n=673)	SB	-0.14	0.04	4.76	0.13
	LPA	0.14	0.04
	MVPA	0.20	< 0.01
注：模型调整性别、身高、体重和BMI。

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