抑郁焦虑压力情况与中小学生食物成瘾的关系

许华静; 苏立燕; 张徐军; 王莉; 杨亚明

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.12.004

抑郁焦虑压力情况与中小学生食物成瘾的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.12.004

1.
江苏省宜兴市疾病预防控制中心学校与食品卫生科，214200
2.
东南大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系

基金项目:

江苏省重点研发计划(社会发展)专项基金项目 BE2021617

详细信息

作者简介:
许华静(1989-)，女，江苏宜兴人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事营养与食品卫生、学校卫生方面工作

通讯作者:
杨亚明, E-mail: yxyyming@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G444 R155.1 R179
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- HTML全文浏览量: 116
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-13
- 修回日期: 2023-11-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-25

Relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and food addiction in primary and secondary school students

1.
Department of School and Food Hygiene, Yixing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yixing (214200), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探索抑郁、焦虑、压力情况与中小学生食物成瘾之间的关系，为中小学生保持健康饮食行为和心理健康干预及促进提供参考与建议。方法于2022年12月—2023年2月，采用分层整群随机抽样法，抽取江苏省宜兴市4所小学和初高中的4 180名中小学生采用抑郁-焦虑-压力量表(DASS-21)和相关行为问卷进行问卷调查。采用χ²检验，Wilcoxon和Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验以及二元Logistic回归对数据进行分析。结果宜兴市中小学生食物成瘾检出率为0.98%(41名)，不同性别、不同学段学生食物成瘾与抑郁、焦虑、压力评分比较差异均无统计学意义(Z/H=-1.34~5.74，P值均>0.05)。食物成瘾与暴饮暴食行为、抑郁、焦虑、压力均存在正相关(r=0.14~0.23，P值均 < 0.01)。二元Logistic回归结果显示，焦虑(OR=5.68，95%CI=1.74~18.55)和压力(OR=5.41，95%CI=2.20~13.32)与中小学生食物成瘾发生呈正相关(P值均 < 0.01)。结论有焦虑、压力症状的中小学生发生食物成瘾的风险比一般人群高。应将学生心理健康指导及干预覆盖整个义务制教育及高中时期，提升学生的心理健康水平，减少食物成瘾行为的发生。
- 抑郁 /
- 焦虑 /
- 压力 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 行为，成瘾 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and food addiction among primary and secondary school students in Yixing City, so as to provide reference and suggestions for maintaining healthy eating behavior and psychological health intervention and promotion among primary and secondary school students in Yixing City. Methods From December 2022 to February 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 4 180 primary and secondary school students from four primary and secondary schools in Yixing City, Jiangsu Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and related behavior questionnaires. The data was analyzed using χ² test, Wilcoxon, Kruskal Wallis H rank sum test, and binary Logistic regression. Results The prevalence of food addiction among primary and secondary school students in Yixing City was 0.98% (41 students), and there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of food addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress scores among students of different genders and age groups (Z/H=-1.34-5.74, P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between food addiction and binge eating behavior, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (r=0.14-0.23, P < 0.01). The results of binary Logistic regression showed that anxiety (OR=5.68, 95%CI=1.74-18.55) and stress (OR=5.41, 95%CI=2.20-13.32) were positively correlated with the occurrence of food addiction in primary and secondary school students (P < 0.01). Conclusions The risk of food addiction among primary and secondary school students with anxiety and stress symptoms is higher than that of the general population. Guidance and intervention on student mental health should cover the entire compulsory education and high school period, in order to improve the mental health level of students and reduce the occurrence of food addiction behavior.
- Depression /
- Anxiety /
- Pressure /
- Food habits /
- Behavior, addictive /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别宜兴市中小学生食物成瘾及负性情绪评分比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 1. Comparison of food addiction and negative emotion scores among primary and secondary school students in different groups in Yixing City[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

组别	选项	人数	统计值	食物成瘾	抑郁	焦虑	压力
性别	男	2 141		4.00(3.00, 6.00)	14.00(12.00, 20.00)	12.00(10.00, 16.00)	20.00(16.00, 24.00)
	女	2 039		5.00(3.25, 6.00)	14.00(12.00, 22.00)	12.00(10.00, 16.00)	20.00(18.00, 24.00)
			Z值	-0.17	-1.34	-0.26	-0.96
			P值	0.87	0.18	0.80	0.34
学段	小学	1 154		5.50(2.75, 6.75)	14.00(10.00, 18.00)	11.00(10.00, 14.00)	18.00(16.00, 20.00)
	初中	1 644		4.00(3.00, 5.75)	14.00(12.00, 20.00)	12.00(8.00, 16.00)	20.00(16.00, 24.00)
	高中	1 382		5.00(4.00, 6.00)	14.00(12.00, 20.00)	12.00(10.00, 16.00)	20.00(16.00, 24.00)
			H值	2.39	5.08	3.48	5.74
			P值	0.12	0.08	0.18	0.06

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表 2 不同组别宜兴市中小学生负性情绪不同分级构成比较

Table 2. Comparison of negative emotions and different grades of primary and secondary school students in Yixing City

组别	选项	统计值	抑郁					焦虑					压力
组别	选项	统计值	人数	轻度	中度	重度	非常严重	人数	轻度	中度	重度	非常严重	人数	轻度	中度	重度	非常严重
性别	男		339	130	137	36	36	439	96	211	60	72	200	94	66	24	16
	女		355	122	143	50	40	498	119	231	73	75	230	91	100	26	13
		χ²值	2.51					0.99					5.34
		P值	0.47					0.81					0.15
学段	小学		37	18	15	4	0	48	10	29	8	1	19	12	6	1	0
	初中		250	88	101	30	31	374	101	151	62	60	157	69	61	16	11
	高中		407	146	164	52	45	515	104	262	63	86	254	104	99	33	18
		χ²值	6.35					20.55					5.02
		P值	0.39					< 0.01					0.54
合计			694	252	280	86	76	937	215	442	133	147	430	185	166	50	29

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表 3 宜兴市中小学生抑郁、焦虑、压力与食物成瘾及暴饮暴食行为的相关性(r值，n=4 180)

Table 3. Correlation between depression, anxiety, stress, food addiction and binge eating behavior of primary and secondary school students in Yixing City(r, n=4 180)

变量	食物成瘾	暴饮暴食	抑郁	焦虑
暴饮暴食	0.23
抑郁	0.14	0.31
焦虑	0.14	0.34	0.77
压力	0.14	0.33	0.80	0.82
注： P值均 < 0.01。

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表 4 宜兴市中小学生抑郁、焦虑、压力对食物成瘾的二元Logistic回归分析(n=4 180)

Table 4. Binary Logistic regression analysis of depression, anxiety, and stress on food addiction among primary and secondary school students in Yixing City(n=4 180)

常量与自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
常量		-6.10	0.50	147.62
学段	小学					1.00
	初中	-0.47	0.53	0.79	0.38	0.63(0.22~1.76)
	高中	-0.97	0.55	3.13	0.08	0.38(0.13~1.11)
性别	男					1.00
	女	0.50	0.33	2.26	0.13	1.65(0.86~3.17)
抑郁	否					1.00
	是	0.57	0.49	1.36	0.24	1.77(0.68~4.59)
焦虑	否					1.00
	是	1.74	0.60	8.27	< 0.01	5.68(1.74~18.55)
压力	否					1.00
	是	1.69	0.46	13.50	< 0.01	5.41(2.20~13.32)

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