安徽省中小学生血压偏高流行现状及影响因素

张昱堃; 王志强; 陈国平; 吴静; 仰阳; 李卫东

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.11.031

安徽省中小学生血压偏高流行现状及影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.11.031

安徽省疾病预防控制中心食品营养与学校卫生科，合肥 230601

详细信息

作者简介:
张昱堃(1989-)，男，陕西西安人，硕士，主管医师，主要研究方向为学校卫生

通讯作者:
李卫东，E-mail：lwd@ahcdc.com.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R544 R723.14 R179
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-21
- 修回日期: 2023-09-01
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-27
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-25

Prevalence and influencing factors of elevated blood pressure among primary and middle school students in Anhui Province

Department of Food Nutrition and School Health, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei (230601), Anhui Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析2022年安徽省中小学生血压偏高及其影响因素，为制定儿童青少年血压偏高防控措施提供科学依据。方法从2022年安徽省学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预项目资料中，选取信息完整的210 360名7~17岁中小学生作为研究对象，采用独立样本t检验和方差分析比较不同特征学生血压值差异，χ²检验比较不同特征学生血压偏高率差异，建立广义线性混合模型分析儿童青少年血压偏高相关因素。结果安徽省中小学生总体血压偏高率为22.3%。高中生和初中生血压偏高率分别为25.6%和23.7%，高于小学生20.4%(χ²=528.49，P<0.01)；肥胖和超重学生血压偏高率分别为33.3%和24.9%，高于体型正常学生18.6%(χ²=3 704.52，P<0.01)；农村学生血压偏高率为23.1%，高于城市21.4%(χ²=83.39，P<0.01)；皖北学生血压偏高率为26.9%，高于皖中21.9%和皖南17.6%(χ²=1 777.51，P<0.01)。广义线性混合模型分析发现，性别、学段、体质量指数(BMI)、地区和城乡均是血压偏高的相关因素，其中女生血压偏高风险高于男生，初中生和高中生血压偏高风险高于小学生，超重组和肥胖组的血压偏高风险高于正常组，皖北地区学生血压偏高风险高于皖南，农村学生血压偏高风险高于城市(OR值分别为1.11，1.25，1.47，1.45，2.24，1.21，1.67，P值均<0.01)。结论安徽省中小学生血压偏高率较高。应尽快出台相应措施，遏制血压偏高增长势头，保护儿童青少年身心健康。
- 血压 /
- 患病率 /
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To analyze the prevalence of elevated blood pressure among primary and middle school students in Anhui Province in 2022, as well as its influencing factors, so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of effective measures to prevent and control elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents. Methods Using data from the 2022 "Monitoring of Common Diseases and health Influencing Factors of Students" in Anhui Province, a total of 210 360 primary and middle school students aged 7 to 17 with complete information. Statistical analysis, including independent sample t-tests, analysis of variance, and Chi-square tests, were conducted to compare blood pressure differences and prevalence rates among students with different characteristics. Generalized linear mixed models were established to analyze the influencing factors of elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents. Results The overall prevalence of elevated blood pressure among primary and middle school students in Anhui Province was 22.3%, higher among high school students (25.6%) and junior high school students (23.7%) than elementary school students (20.4%) (χ²=528.49, P<0.01); higher among obese(33.3%) and overweight students (24.9%) than that of normal students (18.6%) (χ²=3 704.52, P<0.01), higher among rural students (23.1%) than urban students (21.4%) (χ²=83.39, P<0.01), and higher in the northern part of Anhui Province (26.9%) than in the central part (21.9%) and southern part (17.6%) (χ²=1 777.51, P<0.01). The generalized linear mixed models revealed that girls, high school stage, overweight, obese, living in the northern part of Anhui Province, and living in rural were all positively correlated with elevated blood pressure(OR=1.11, 1.25, 1.47, 1.45, 2.24, 1.21, 1.67, P<0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents in Anhui Province is the highest in the country. It is recommended that relevant departments promptly formulate corresponding measures to curb the increasing trend of elevated blood pressure and protect the physical and mental health of children and adolescents.
- Blood pressure /
- Prevalence /
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Child /
- Adolescent
注释:

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表 1 安徽省2022年不同组别中小学生各年龄段血压偏高检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the detection rates of elevated blood pressure among different age groups of primary and middle school students in Anhui Province in 2022

组别	选项	统计值	7岁		8岁		9岁		10岁		11岁			12岁
组别	选项	统计值	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数		人数	检出人数
性别	男		9 728	2 088(21.5)	10 632	2 216(20.8)	10 331	2 156(20.9)	11 158	2 189(19.6)	10 874	2 138(19.7)		10 441	2 226(21.3)
	女		8 730	1 756(20.1)	9 128	1 802(19.7)	9 027	1 699(18.8)	9 563	1 804(18.9)	9 541	1 950(20.4)		9 110	2 062(22.6)
		χ²值	5.08		3.68		12.67		1.88		1.91			4.91
		P值	0.02		0.06		< 0.01		0.17		0.17			0.03
城乡	城市		7 774	1 386(17.8)	8 222	1 423(17.3)	8 130	1 419(17.5)	8 646	1 511(17.5)	8 730	1 592(18.2)		7 964	1 673(21.0)
	农村		10 684	2 458(23.0)	11 538	2 595(22.5)	11 228	2 436(21.7)	12 075	2 482(20.6)	11 685	2 496(21.4)		11 587	2 615(22.6)
		χ²值	73.16		79.63		53.20		30.70		30.47			6.72
		P值	< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01			0.01
地区	皖北		6 286	1 510(24.0)	6 870	1 644(23.9)	6 925	1 683(24.3)	7 087	1 707(24.1)	7 232	1 810(25.0)		6 988	1 867(26.7)
	皖中		6 068	1 283(21.1)	6 376	1 307(20.5)	6 191	1 128(18.2)	6 766	1 270(18.8)	6 638	1 278(19.3)		6 277	1 352(21.5)
	皖南		6 104	1 051(17.2)	6 514	1 067(16.4)	6 242	1 044(16.7)	6 868	1 016(14.8)	6 545	1 000(15.3)		6 286	1 069(17.0)
		χ²值	87.49		117.82		134.59		195.24		207.55			183.11
		P值	< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01			< 0.01

组别	选项	统计值	13岁		14岁		15岁		16岁		17岁
组别	选项	统计值	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数	人数		检出人数
性别	男		10 762	2 355(21.9)	10 474	2 399(22.9)	9 481	2 317(24.4)	9 053	2 387(26.4)	8 992		2 333(25.9)
	女		9 513	2 278(23.9)	9 650	2 517(26.1)	8 785	2 278(25.9)	7 668	1 926(25.1)	7 719		2 020(26.2)
		χ²值	12.20		27.49		5.39		3.39		0.11
		P值	< 0.01		< 0.01		0.02		0.07		0.74
城乡	城市		8 363	1 868(22.3)	8 415	2 111(25.1)	8 770	2 215(25.3)	10 493	2 660(25.4)	11 095		2 809(25.3)
	农村		11 912	2 765(23.2)	11 709	2 805(24.0)	9 496	2 380(25.1)	6 228	1 653(26.5)	5 616		1 544(27.5)
		χ²值	2.14		3.39		0.09		2.90		9.16
		P值	0.14		0.07		0.76		0.09		< 0.01
地区	皖北		7 342	2 137(29.1)	7 301	2 171(29.7)	6 601	1 968(29.8)	6 273	1 838(29.3)	6 306		1 869(26.6)
	皖中		6 504	1 401(21.5)	6 432	1 567(24.4)	5 760	1 426(24.8)	5 108	1 371(26.8)	5 054		1 348(26.7)
	皖南		6 429	1 095(17.0)	6 391	1 178(18.4)	5 905	1 201(20.3)	5 340	1 104(20.7)	5 351		1 136(21.2)
		χ²值	292.78		235.88		149.33		116.34		107.71
		P值	< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01		< 0.01
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 安徽省中小学生血压偏高广义线性混合模型分析(n=210 360)

Table 2. Generalized linear mixed model analysis of elevated blood pressure among primary and middle school students in Anhui Province(n=210 360)

常数与自变量	选项	β值	标准误	t值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
常数		-2.06	0.11	-18.15	< 0.01	0.13
性别	女	0.10	0.01	9.27	< 0.01	1.11(1.08~1.13)
学段	初中	0.23	0.01	18.10	< 0.01	1.25(1.22~1.28)
	高中	0.38	0.01	26.39	< 0.01	1.47(1.42~1.51)
BMI	超重	0.37	0.01	26.60	< 0.01	1.45(1.41~1.49)
	肥胖	0.81	0.01	59.66	< 0.01	2.24(2.18~2.30)
地区	皖中	0.25	0.18	1.41	0.16	1.29(0.91~1.82)
	皖北	0.52	0.16	3.24	< 0.05	1.68(1.23~2.29)
城乡	农村	0.19	0.01	16.28	< 0.01	1.21(1.18~1.24)
注：自变量分别以男生、小学组、BMI正常组、皖南地区、城市为参照。

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