父亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联

陈锐; 汪小燕; 殷刚柱; 孙瑜; 邵子瑜

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.11.015

父亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.11.015

陈锐¹,
汪小燕²,
殷刚柱²,
孙瑜²,
邵子瑜^{1, 2, ,}

1.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系，合肥 230032
2.
合肥市妇女儿童保健中心

基金项目:

中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心母婴营养与健康研究项目 2021FY007

出生人口健康教育部重点实验室联合安徽省妇幼保健协会母婴营养与健康研究项目 JK202214

详细信息

作者简介:
陈锐(1998-)，男，浙江瑞安人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿少卫生与妇幼保健

通讯作者:
邵子瑜，E-mail: shaoziyu88@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: B844.1 G78 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-26
- 修回日期: 2023-09-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-27
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-25

Relationship between father's emotional symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children

CHEN Rui¹,
WANG Xiaoyan²,
YIN Gangzhu²,
SUN Yu²,
SHAO Ziyu^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Department of Maternal with Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (230032), Anhui Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨父亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联，为学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的预防与干预提供参考。方法采取多阶段分层抽样方法，于2023年2—4月从合肥市分别抽取2县2区2开发区，每县/区/开发区抽取2所幼儿园，共抽取12所幼儿园3 672名3~6岁儿童及其父亲为研究对象，父亲填写抑郁—焦虑—压力量表(DASS-21)，母亲填写儿童心理行为发展问卷(SDQ)，建立多因素Logistic回归模型，分析父亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联。结果学龄前儿童心理行为问题检出率为18.65%，父亲压力、焦虑、抑郁症状的检出率分别为4.82%，10.05%，6.64%。多因素Logistic回归模型分析显示，调整相关混杂因素后，父亲有压力、焦虑和抑郁等负面情绪时，其子代情绪行为问题异常检出率均高于父亲无负面情绪组(OR=1.77~2.13，P值均 < 0.01)；父亲有压力症状与男童情绪行为问题的风险增加相关，父亲有焦虑症状、抑郁症状与男童、女童情绪行为问题风险增加均相关(OR=1.45~2.69, P值均 < 0.05)；父亲有压力症状与一孩情绪行为问题的风险增加相关，父亲有焦虑症状、抑郁症状与一孩、二孩及以上情绪行为问题风险增加均相关(OR=1.81~2.49，P值均 < 0.05)。结论父亲负面情绪症状是学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的重要相关因素。对父亲负面情绪症状进行早期发现和针对性的干预，可能有益于学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的防控。
- 情绪 /
- 父亲 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between father's emotional symptoms with offspring's emotional and behavioral problems, so as to provide reference for the prevention and intervention of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. Methods Using the method of multi-stage sampling, two kindergartens from each of the two counties, two districts and two development zones were selected from Hefei during February to April 2023. A total of 3 672 children aged 3 to 6 years old and their fathers were selected from 12 kindergartens. Fathers filled out the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and mothers filled out the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ). Multivariate Logistic regression model was established to analyze the relationship between father's emotional symptoms and preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems. Results The detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children was 18.65%, and the detection rates of stress, anxiety and depression in fathers were 4.82%, 10.05% and 6.64%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis showed when fathers had negative emotions of stress, anxiety and depression, the detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems in their offspring was higher than children with father without negative emotion group (OR=1.77-2.13, P < 0.01). Father's stress symptoms were associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems in boys, while father's anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems in boys and girls (OR=1.45-2.69, P < 0.05). Father's stress symptoms were associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the first child, while father's anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the first child, second child and above (OR=1.81-2.49, P < 0.05). Conclusions Father's negative emotional symptoms are important factors affecting preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems. Early detection and targeted intervention of father's negative emotional symptoms are beneficial to the prevention and control of preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems.
- Emotions /
- Fathers /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别学龄前儿童情绪行为问题检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children in different groups

组别	选项	人数	情绪行为问题人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 945	403(20.72)	11.62	<0.01
	女	1 727	282(16.33)
早产	是	217	43(19.82)	0.21	0.65
	否	3 455	642(18.58)
出生时体重/kg	<2.5	140	31(22.14)	1.35	0.51
	2.5~4.0	3 016	555(18.40)
	＞4.0	516	99(19.19)
分娩方式	自然分娩和人工助产	2 240	433(19.33)	1.73	0.19
	剖宫产	1 432	252(17.60)
孩次	一孩	1 922	425(22.11)	31.77	<0.01
	二孩及以上	1 750	260(14.86)
照料人	母亲和父亲	2 886	527(18.26)	1.38	0.24
	其他	786	158(20.10)
父亲年龄/岁	≤34	1 814	394(21.72)	22.20	<0.01
	≥35	1 858	291(15.66)
母亲年龄/岁	≤34	2 163	467(21.59)	29.89	<0.01
	≥35	1 509	218(14.45)
孩子年龄/岁	≤4	1 372	271(19.75)	2.24	0.33
	5	1 292	226(17.49)
	≥6	1 008	188(18.65)
家庭结构	大家庭	2 781	478(17.19)	21.36	<0.01
	核心与扩大核心家庭	778	172(22.11)
	其他家庭	113	35(30.97)
每日户外时间/h	≥2	2 889	514(17.79)	6.65	0.01
	<2	783	171(21.84)
每日睡眠时间/h	≥10	1 863	318(17.07)	6.26	0.01
	<10	1 809	367(20.29)
每次入睡	≤20	1 509	244(16.17)	10.43	<0.01
时间/min	＞20	2 163	441(20.39)
每日视屏	≤60	3 347	599(17.90)	14.32	<0.01
时间/min	>60	325	86(26.46)
父亲压力症状	无	3 495	634(18.14)	12.65	<0.01
	有	177	51(28.81)
父亲焦虑症状	无	3 309	582(17.59)	25.08	<0.01
	有	363	103(28.37)
父亲抑郁症状	无	3 428	609(17.77)	26.88	<0.01
	有	244	76(31.15)
社会经济地位	低水平	1 211	268(22.13)	24.44	<0.01
	中水平	1 212	236(19.47)
	高水平	1 249	181(14.49)
注：( )内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 父亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题多因素Logistic回归分析[OR值(95%CI)，n=3 672]

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of father's emotional symptoms and preschool children's emotional behavior problems[OR(95%CI), n=3 672]

自变量	选项	模型1	模型2
父亲压力	无	1.00	1.00
	有	1.83(1.31~2.56)^**	1.77(1.25~2.50)^**
父亲焦虑	无	1.00	1.00
	有	1.86(1.45~2.37)^**	1.90(1.47~2.44)^**
父亲抑郁	无	1.00	1.00
	有	2.09(1.58~2.78)^**	2.13(1.59~2.85)^**
注：**P<0.01；模型1为未校正模型，模型2为控制性别、孩次、父母年龄、家庭结构、户外时间、睡眠时间、入睡时间、视屏时间和社会经济地位混杂因素。

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表 3 父亲情绪症状与不同性别与孩次学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的多因素Logistics回归分析[OR值(95%CI), n=3 672]

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of paternal emotional symptoms, emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children[OR(95%CI), n=3 672]

自变量	选项	性别			孩次
自变量	选项	男童	女童	男童/女童	一孩	二孩及以上	一孩/二孩及以上
父亲压力	无	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00
	有	1.99(1.23~3.22)^**	1.53(0.92~2.54)	1.51(0.74~3.00)	2.20(1.36~3.55)^**	1.46(0.86~2.45)	1.51(0.74~3.07)
父亲焦虑	无	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00
	有	1.45(1.02~2.07)^*	2.55(1.78~3.66)^**	1.76(1.06~2.91)^*	1.99(1.40~2.82)^**	1.88(1.30~2.71)^**	1.06(0.64~1.76)
父亲抑郁	无	1.00	1.00		1.00	1.00
	有	1.72(1.15~2.58)^**	2.69(1.75~4.14)^**	1.56(0.87~2.82)	2.49(1.66~3.74)^**	1.81(1.17~2.80)^**	1.38(0.76~2.50)
注：P<0.05，*P<0.01。

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