西藏部分地区幼儿体质健康状况及相关因素分析

陈婷; 梁蒙; 王佳娟; 赵昕; 程红; 杜文娟; 孙睿哲

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.11.007

西藏部分地区幼儿体质健康状况及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.11.007

陈婷¹,
梁蒙¹,
王佳娟¹,
赵昕²,
程红¹,
杜文娟¹,
孙睿哲^3, ,

1.
西藏民族大学高原体育与健康研究中心/高原低氧环境与生命健康重点实验室, 陕西咸阳 712082
2.
西藏民族大学附属医院外科
3.
西藏自治区体育科学研究所业务室

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 82060422

西藏文化传承发展协同创新中心招标课题 XT-ZB202240

西藏民族大学高原低氧环境与生命健康实验室开放课题 XZMU-2022M-H03

详细信息

作者简介:
陈婷(1984-)，女，陕西西安人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为运动与健康促进

梁蒙(1999-)，女，山西长治人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为运动与健康促进

通讯作者:
孙睿哲，E-mail：363434954@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
陈婷与梁蒙为共同第一作者
中图分类号: G804.49 G806 R179
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- PDF下载量: 56
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-03
- 修回日期: 2023-08-23
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-27
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-25

Physical health status and influencing factors of preschool children in Tibet

1.
Key Laboratory of Plateau Hypoxia Environment and Life and Health, Plateau Sports and Health Research Center, Xizang University for Nationalities, Xianyang (712082), Shaanxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨西藏地区幼儿体质健康状况及影响因素，旨在为促进西藏地区幼儿体质良性发展提供科学依据和理论基础。方法数据来源于2013—2014和2019—2020年西藏国民体质监测幼儿部分(3~6岁)，共1 521名幼儿纳入研究进行问卷调查及体质测试，测试内容包括身体形态及身体素质指标。采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析比较不同组别幼儿体质指标间的差异，采用χ²检验和二元Logistic回归模型分析影响幼儿体质健康的因素。结果西藏地区3~6岁幼儿体质总合格率为79.75%，其中优秀、良好、合格和不合格构成比分别为3.16%，15.12%，61.47%，20.25%。健康体重幼儿体质优秀率(3.74%)、良好率(17.47%)均高于其他幼儿，超重幼儿体质合格率(69.03%)均高于肥胖(55.88%)和健康体重幼儿(60.68%)(χ²=53.56，P < 0.01)。藏族幼儿体质优秀率(3.69%)、良好率(17.13%)均高于同海拔汉族(0.74%，5.88%)，不合格率(16.97%)低于汉族(35.29%)(χ²=53.71，P < 0.01)；藏族幼儿体重、胸围、各皮褶厚度、体脂率、网球掷远、双脚连续跳、坐位体前屈及走平衡木的成绩均高于汉族，安静心率和立定跳远成绩均低于汉族(t值分别为2.72，10.95，9.66，3.68，3.88，8.04，3.56，8.70，-4.39，-4.40，P值均 < 0.01)。二元Logistic回归分析显示，藏族(OR=2.29)、母乳喂养(OR=1.51)、每天室外运动时长30~90 min(30~ < 60 min：OR=2.03；60~90 min：OR=2.22)与幼儿体质健康呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论西藏地区3~6岁幼儿体质总合格率较低，民族、婴儿期喂养方式、每天室外运动时长均为西藏地区幼儿体质的相关因素。应积极采取针对性措施，促进幼儿的持续健康发展。
- 体质 /
- 合格鉴定 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童，学龄前 /
- 少数民族
Abstract: Objective To explore physical health status and influencing factors of preschool children in Tibet, so as to provide a scientific reference and theoretical basis for the healthy development of physical fitness. Methods Data were collected from children (3-6 years old) of Xizang national physical fitness monitoring, and a total of 1 521 preschool children were recruited who received questionnaire survey and physical fitness test. Independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the differences in physical fitness indexes of preschool children in different groups. Chi-square test and binary Logistic regression model were used to analyze the factors affecting physical health of preschool children. Results The total qualified rate of physical fitness was 79.75%, among which the excellent rate was 3.16%, the good rate was 15.12%, the qualified rate was 61.47% and the unqualified was 20.25%. From the perspective of BMI, the excellent physical fitness rate (3.74%) and good physical fitness rate (17.47%) were highest in healthy weight preschool children, and the qualified physical fitness rate of overweight preschool children (69.03%) was higher than that of obese (55.88%) and healthy weight preschool children (60.68%)(χ²=53.56, P < 0.01). From the perspective of ethnic, Tibetan children's physique proficiency (3.69%), good rate (17.13%) than with the elevation of the Han nationality (0.74%, 5.88%), fraction defective (16.97%), lower than that of Han nationality (35.29%) (χ²=53.71, P < 0.01); The results of chest circumference, skinfold thickness, body fat percentage, tennis throw distance, continuous jump of both feet, sitting forward bend and balance beam walking of Tibetan children were higher than those of Han children, and the results of quiet heart rate and standing long jump were lower than those of Han children (t=2.72, 10.95, 9.66, 3.68, 3.88, 8.04, 3.56, 8.70, -4.39, -4.40, P < 0.01). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that Tibetans (OR=2.29), breastfeeding (OR=1.51), body dynamics outdoor daily exercise duration 30-90 min (30- < 60 min: OR=2.03; 60-90 min: OR=2.22) were positively correlated with physical health of preschool children (P < 0.05). Conclusions The total physical qualification rate of preschool children aged 3-6 years old in Tibet is lower than the national average. Ethnic group, feeding pattern during infancy, and physical activity are all factors that affected the physical fitness of preschool children in Tibet. It is of great significance to improve the physique of preschool children in Tibet to promote their sustainable and healthy development.
- Body constitution /
- Eligibility determination /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool /
- Minority groups
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

2) 陈婷与梁蒙为共同第一作者

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表 1 西藏地区不同组别3~6岁幼儿体质健康评级分布比较

Table 1. Comparison of constitutional qualification status of 3-6 years old preschool children in Tibet among different groups

组别	选项	人数	优秀	良好	合格	不合格	χ²值	P值
性别	男	751	31(4.13)	101(13.45)	468(62.32)	151(20.10)	7.37	0.06
	女	770	17(2.21)	129(16.75)	467(60.65)	157(20.39)
年龄/岁	3	342	27(7.89)	76(22.22)	192(56.15)	47(13.74)	79.72	< 0.01
	4	402	9(2.24)	73(18.16)	252(62.69)	68(16.91)
	5	403	4(1.00)	45(11.17)	262(65.01)	92(22.82)
	6	374	8(2.14)	36(9.62)	229(61.23)	101(27.01)
民族	藏族	1 249	46(3.69)	214(17.13)	777(62.21)	212(16.97)	53.71	< 0.01
	汉族	272	2(0.74)	16(5.88)	158(58.09)	96(35.29)
BMI	健康体重	1 231	46(3.74)	215(17.47)	747(60.68)	223(18.11)	53.56	< 0.01
	体重不足	67	1(1.49)	2(2.99)	43(64.18)	21(31.34)
	超重	155	1(0.65)	10(6.45)	107(69.03)	37(23.87)
	肥胖	68	0	3(4.41)	38(55.88)	27(39.71)
城乡	乡村	753	22(2.92)	145(19.26)	438(58.17)	148(19.65)	20.03	< 0.01
	城镇	768	26(3.39)	85(11.07)	497(64.71)	160(20.83)
总计		1 521	48(3.16)	230(15.12)	935(61.47)	308(20.25)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 不同组别西藏地区幼儿体质健康合格率比较

Table 2. Comparison of physical health status of preschool children in Tibet among different groups

组别	选项	人数	体质健康合格人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	751	600(79.89)	0.02	0.89
	女	770	613(79.61)
城乡	城镇	768	608(79.17)	0.33	0.57
	乡村	753	605(80.35)
民族	藏族	1 249	1 037(83.03)	35.01	< 0.01
	汉族	272	176(64.71)
父亲职业	有	1 464	1 169(79.85)	15.69	< 0.01
	无	57	44(77.19)
胎龄	足月儿	1 409	1 128(80.06)	3.93	0.14
	早产儿	73	52(71.23)
	过期产儿	39	33(84.62)
室内运动时长/	< 30	749	597(79.71)	2.92	0.40
(min·d^-1)	30~ < 60	179	138(77.09)
	60~90	318	263(82.70)
	>90	275	215(78.18)
室外运动时长/	< 30	749	577(77.04)	41.58	< 0.01
(min·d^-1)	30~ < 60	179	158(88.27)
	60~90	318	285(89.62)
	>90	275	193(70.18)
室内静坐时长/	< 30	759	601(79.18)	0.95	0.81
(min·d^-1)	30~ < 60	134	107(79.85)
	60~90	347	283(81.56)
	>90	281	222(79.00)
室外静坐时长/	< 30	864	684(79.17)	7.18	0.07
(min·d^-1)	30~ < 60	110	89(80.91)
	60~90	272	231(84.93)
	>90	275	209(76.00)
婴儿期喂养方式	母乳	1 089	889(81.63)	9.64	0.01
	人工	174	126(72.41)
	混合	258	198(76.74)
注： ()内数字为合格率/%。

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表 3 西藏地区幼儿体质健康相关因素的Logistic回归分析(n=1 521)

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of related factors to preschool children's physical health in Tibet(n=1 521)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	OR值 (95%CI)	P值
民族	藏族	0.82	0.16	26.67	2.29(1.67~3.14)	< 0.01
婴儿期喂养方式	母乳	0.41	0.17	5.67	1.51(1.08~2.11)	0.02
	人工	-0.06	0.24	0.05	0.95(0.60~1.50)	0.82
室外运动时长/	30~ < 60	0.71	0.25	7.89	2.03(1.24~3.34)	0.01
(min·d^-1)	60~90	0.80	0.21	14.34	2.22(1.47~3.36)	< 0.01
	>90	-0.12	0.18	0.43	0.89(0.63~1.26)	0.51

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