基于文本分析的中国学校性教育政策结构探究

马骋; 毛菊

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.11.004

基于文本分析的中国学校性教育政策结构探究

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.11.004

马骋^{1, 2},
毛菊^{1, 3, ,}

1.
新疆师范大学教育科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830017
2.
成都大学师范学院
3.
新疆师范大学教师教育研究中心

基金项目:

新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划建设类项目 XJEDU2023J032

详细信息

作者简介:
马骋(1987-)，男，甘肃定西人，在读博士，助理研究员，主要从事青少年性教育相关的研究与教学工作

通讯作者:
毛菊，E-mail: 552818422@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G478 R167 C829.21
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-21
- 修回日期: 2023-10-08
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-25

Exploration of the policy structure of China's school sexuality education based on text analysis

MA Cheng^{1, 2},
MAO Ju^{1, 3
, ,}

1.
College of Education Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi (830017), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究中国学校性教育政策的结构状况，为学校性教育政策的效力发挥和优化发展提供参考。方法以45份国家层面发布的学校性教育相关的政策性文件为样本，构建“政策目标—政策工具”分析框架对其进行内容分析。结果政策目标方面，学校性教育政策重视教育方式指导(32.76%)，轻视教育效果评价(5.17%)、师生权益保障(5.17%)，忽视教育环境创设(0)；政策工具方面，学校性教育政策常用命令性工具(59.45%)，多用能力建设工具(29.71%)，而少用系统变革工具(2.70%)和激励性工具(0)；“政策目标—政策工具”的适配性方面，学校性教育政策集中在运用命令性工具以实现教育方式指导(68.42%)、教育过程管理(54.55%)、学生素养提升(38.46%)、教育资源开发(37.50%)等方面的政策目标，而普遍缺失运用系统变革工具和激励性工具以实现教育效果评价、师生权益保障、学生素养提升和社会综合治理等方面的政策目标。结论学校性教育政策在政策目标定位和政策工具选择及其二者的交叉适配方面有一定偏差，需进一步改进。
- 性教育 /
- 政策目标 /
- 政策工具 /
- 政策文本分析
Abstract: Objective To explore the structural status of school sexuality education policies in China, so as to provide a reference to optimize their effectiveness and development. Methods A total of 45 policy documents closely related to school sexuality education, released at the national level, as samples in order to construct an analytic framework of policy objectives/instruments by analyzing their textual content. Results In terms of policy objectives, school sexuality education policies focused on educational methods guidance (32.76%), and tend to underestimate the evaluation of educational effects (5.17%) and the protection of teachers' and students' rights and interests (5.17%), while failed to consider the creation of educational environments (0). In regards to policy tools, school sexuality education policies often used command line tools (59.45%) and capacity building tools (29.71%), while the use of system change tools (2.70%) and incentive tools was lacking (0). In respect to the adaptability of policy objectives/tools, school sexuality education policies focused on using command based tools to guide educational methods (68.42%), educational process management (54.55%), student literacy improvement (38.46%), and educational resource development (37.50%). However, system change tools and incentive tools were scarcely used to achieve policy goals in education effectiveness evaluation, to protect teacher-student rights and interests, and to improve student literacy and comprehensive social governance. Conclusions There is some deviations in the positioning of policy objectives, the selection of policy tools, and the interaction and adaptation between the two in school sex education policies, and further improvement is needed.
- Sex education /
- Policy objective /
- Policy instruments /
- Policy text analysis
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 学校性教育政策工具频次分布(n=74)

Table 1. Frequency distribution of school sexuality education policy instruments(n=74)

政策工具	子工具	文本示例	频次	百分比/%
命令性工具	督查监管	无	0	0
	行为准则	以符合受教育者特征的适当方式，有计划地开展生理卫生教育、青春期教育或者性健康教育	40	54.05
	惩罚干预	加强对性传播高危行为人群的综合干预	2	2.70
	强制措施	确保高校每学年每名在校学生不少于1课时预防艾滋病专题讲座时间	2	2.70
激励性工具	行动指南	无	0	0
	评聘考核	无	0	0
	政策支持	无	0	0
	经费投入	无	0	0
能力建设工具	课程重组	把性与生殖健康教育纳入义务教育课程体系	16	21.60
	资源建设	无	0	0
	教师培训	强调针对中学、大学教师的培训	4	5.41
	基础设施	建设具有国际先进水平的计划生育生殖健康科研基地和学科体系	2	2.70
劝告工具	鼓励引导	无	0	0
	标签宣传	无	0	0
	观念指引	必须端正思想，消除顾虑，认真讲好这一章	4	5.41
	象征声明	适龄儿童普遍接受性教育，儿童性健康服务可及性明显提高	2	2.70
系统变革工具	权力转换	无	0	0
	制度完善	无	0	0
	结构优化	无	0	0
	机制健全	教育、卫生部门要建立预防艾滋病宣传教育工作机制	2	2.70

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