幼儿在园内外身体活动的聚类特征与运动能力研究

付近梅; 黄婷; 孙顺利; 陈睿铭; 陈德龙; 蒋天乐; 胡学文; 吕文娣; 何梓豪; 苏利强; 赵广高; 邹维露

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.10.027

幼儿在园内外身体活动的聚类特征与运动能力研究

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.10.027

1.
江西省体育科学医疗中心体育科学研究室，南昌 330006
2.
福建师范大学体育科学学院
3.
南昌大学体育学院
4.
江西中医药大学体育健康学院
5.
北京体育大学运动人体科学学院
6.
江西师范大学体育学院
7.
江西省体操运动管理中心

基金项目:

江西省社会科学“十四五”(2022年)基金项目 22TY20D

国家社会科学基金项目 21BTY088

详细信息

作者简介:
付近梅(1979-)，男，江西樟树人，大学本科，副研究员，主要研究方向为体质健康与促进

通讯作者:
赵广高，E-mail: zhaogg2002@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G806 R179 G804.49
计量
- 文章访问数: 217
- HTML全文浏览量: 131
- PDF下载量: 28
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-15
- 修回日期: 2023-08-23
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-27
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-25

Cluster characteristics of physical activities among children inside and outside kindergartens and its relationship with athletic abilities

1.
Sports Science Research Office, Jiangxi Sports Science Medical Center, Nanchang(330006), China

摘要

摘要: 目的基于上学日与休息日身体活动(PA)、久坐行为(SB)变量对幼儿在园内外身体活动进行聚类分析，并借助身体素质指标探讨不同幼儿的聚类特征，为幼儿教育和健康领域提供创新的策略和方法。方法于2019年3—6月采用分层整群随机抽样法，募集南昌市6所幼儿园3~6岁受试幼儿291名，利用三轴加速度传感器(ActiGraph GT3X-BT)分别测量幼儿在园内外PA与SB水平，并采用两步聚类算法模型进行聚类分析。参照《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》测量与评价幼儿身体素质水平，比较不同聚类幼儿身体素质的差异，分析不同幼儿的聚类特征。结果以上学日园内、上学日与休息日园外PA与SB共6项指标聚类，幼儿可分为园内活跃型(上学日园内高PA、低SB)、园外活跃型(上学日园外和休息日高PA)和不活跃型(上学日园内外和休息日低PA、高SB)3类，模型平均轮廓系数为0.3，聚类结果良好。园内活跃型、园外活跃型幼儿上学日园内、上学日与休息日园外PA，以及日均低强度身体活动(LPA)、中高强度身体活动(MVPA)均高于不活跃型(F值分别为157.91，80.79，95.86，95.52，124.74，P值均＜0.05)。在调整性别和年龄因素影响后，园外活跃型(19.03±0.47)和园内活跃型(19.11±0.40)身体素质总分均高于不活跃型(17.94±0.31)；园内活跃型幼儿(3.91±0.14)双脚连续跳高于不活跃型幼儿(3.45±0.11)(P值均＜0.05)。结论园内活跃型和园外活跃型幼儿总体身体素质方面表现优异。应关注结构化与非结构化PA时间占比，以提高幼儿的整体身体素质。
- 运动活动 /
- 久坐生活方式 /
- 聚类分析 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective Based on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) variables on weekdays and weekends, the study aims to cluster the physical activities inside and outside kindergartens and to explore the cluster characteristics of different children using physical fitness indicators, so as to provide new strategies and methods for early childhood education and health. Methods From March to June 2019, 291 children aged 3-6 years from 6 kindergartens in Nanchang were recruited by a stratified cluster random sampling method. The ActiGraph GT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer was used to measure and analyze the PA and SB levels inside and outside the kindergarten. A two-step clustering algorithm model was employed for cluster analysis. Physical fitness were measured and evaluated according to the "National Physical Fitness Measurement Standard Manual (Preschool Section)". Differences in physical fitness among different clusters of children were compared, and the cluster characteristics of different children were analyzed. Results The clustering algorithm model indicated that based on six indicators, including PA and SB inside the kindergarten on weekdays, and PA and SB outside the kindergarten on both weekdays and weekends, children could be divided into three categories: active inside (high PA, low SB inside), active outside (high PA outside), and inactive (low PA, high SB both inside and outside). The average silhouette coefficient of the model was 0.3, indicating good clustering results. Both the active inside and active outside children showed significantly higher PA inside on weekdays, PA outside on weekdays and weekends, daily low-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than the inactive children (F=157.91, 80.79, 95.86, 95.52, 124.74, P < 0.05). After adjusting for gender and age, the physical fitness scores of both active outside (19.03±0.47) and active inside (19.11±0.40) were significantly higher than those of the inactive children (17.94±0.31). Additionally, active inside children (3.91±0.14) also showed significantly better performance in continuous double-leg jumps, compared to inactive children (3.45±0.11) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Children active inside and those active outside perform well in PA. Future research should focus on the proportion of structured and unstructured PA time to enhance the overall physical fitness of children.
- Motor activity /
- Sedentary lifestyle /
- Cluster analysis /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 不同性别受试者基本情况和PA测试结果比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of basic information and test results of PA for participants of different genders (x±s)

性别	人数	月龄	身高/cm	体重/kg	SB/min	LPA/min	MVPA/min	休息日 SB/min	休息日 PA/min	上学日园内 SB/min	上学日园内 PA/min	上学日园外 SB/min	上学日园外 PA/min
男	166	60.12±6.21	107.43±5.43	18.96±2.95	534.33±66.89	108.16±23.58	76.67±28.02	549.30±94.42	194.01±64.60	266.87±29.52	84.84±27.89	253.52±55.67	90.81±27.83
女	125	58.70±7.24	105.30±6.02	17.83±2.59	550.77±73.33	101.90±24.90	63.26±24.81	568.82±95.72	170.27±58.83	273.87±28.13	77.66±25.78	257.52±52.85	82.80±24.72
合计	291	59.51±6.70	106.52±5.78	18.48±2.85	541.39±70.08	105.47±24.31	70.91±27.46	557.68±95.31	183.82±63.19	269.88±29.09	81.76±27.19	255.24±54.42	87.37±26.79
t值		1.96	2.53	2.76	-2.20	2.18	4.16	-1.94	2.84	-2.07	2.20	-0.91	2.28
P值		0.52	0.12	< 0.01	0.05	0.03	< 0.01	0.05	< 0.01	0.04	0.03	0.53	0.01

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同性别受试者身体素质测试结果比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of the test results of physical fitness of participants of different genders (x±s)

性别	人数	10 m折返跑/s	立定跳远/cm	网球掷远/m	双脚连续跳/s	坐位体前屈/cm	走平衡木/s
男	166	8.33±1.55	80.78±20.05	4.17±1.76	7.38±3.07	9.87±6.41	14.57±11.71
女	125	9.03±2.46	73.71±20.61	3.23±1.08	8.63±4.72	12.15±4.18	14.22±10.20
合计	291	8.63±2.02	77.75±20.56	3.77±1.58	7.91±3.91	10.85±5.67	14.42±11.07
t值		-3.91	3.67	5.45	-3.21	-3.58	0.93
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.35

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同组别幼儿聚类检验结果比较(x±s，min)

Table 3. Comparison of the clustering test results of children among different groups (x±s, min)

组别	人数	SB	LPA	MVPA	休息日SB	休息日PA	上学日园内SB	上学日园内PA	上学日园外SB	上学日园外PA
园内活跃型	78	483.27±5.03	122.89±2.53	93.24±3.06	495.69±9.68	216.68±5.55	233.03±2.13	113.75±2.12	235.33±6.10	102.20±2.44
园外活跃型	67	536.38±8.02^*	121.23±2.21	86.12±2.23^*	535.42±10.41^*	233.00±5.97^*	279.18±2.29^*	75.82±2.28^*	260.01±6.56^*	105.70±2.63
不活跃型	146	573.96±5.30^*#	79.70±1.59^*#	52.67±1.32^*#	601.02±7.11^*#	143.69±4.08^*#	285.29±1.56^*#	67.39±1.55^*#	263.68±4.48^*	71.03±1.79^*#
F值		54.76	95.52	124.74	39.81	95.86	204.01	157.91	7.27	80.79
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注： *表示与园内活跃型相比P＜0.05，#表示与园外活跃型相比P＜0.05。

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 不同聚类幼儿的身体素质得分比较(x±s)

Table 4. Comparison of physical fitness scores of children in different clusters (x±s)

组别	人数	立定跳远	网球掷远	10 m折返跑	双脚连续跳	坐位体前屈	走平衡木	身体素质
园内活跃型	78	3.46±0.13	2.63±0.12	2.97±0.13	3.91±0.14	3.36±0.14	2.79±0.13	19.11±0.40
园外活跃型	67	3.67±0.15	2.52±0.14	3.08±0.15	3.67±0.16	3.46±0.16	2.63±0.15	19.03±0.47
不活跃型	146	3.44±0.10	2.62±0.09	2.75±0.10	3.45±0.11^*	3.21±0.11	2.54±0.10	17.94±0.31^*#
F值		1.64	0.89	1.41	5.25	0.92	0.67	3.58
P值		0.17	0.47	0.23	< 0.01	0.45	0.61	0.01
注： *表示与园内活跃型相比P＜0.05，#表示与园外活跃型相比P＜0.05。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(21)

[1]	KOHL H W, CRAIG C L, LAMBERT E V, et al. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health[J]. Lancet, 2012, 380(9838): 294-305. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60898-8
[2]	RICCI F, IZZICUPO P, MOSCUCCI F, et al. Recommendations for physical inactivity and sedentary behavior during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic[J]. Front Public Health, 2020, 8: 199. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00199
[3]	LU C, WIERSMA R, SHEN T, et al. Physical activity patterns by objective measurements in preschoolers from China[J]. Child and Adolescent Obesity, 2019, 2(1): 1-17. doi: 10.1080/2574254X.2019.1585178
[4]	RODRIGUEZ-AYLLON M, CADENAS-SÁNCHEZ C, ESTÉVEZ-LÁPEZ F, et al. Role of Physical activity and sedentary behavior in the mental health of preschoolers, children and adolescents: a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Sports Med, 2019, 49(9): 1383-1410. doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01099-5
[5]	VELDMAN S L C, CHIN A P M J M, ALTENBURG T M. Physical activity and prospective associations with indicators of health and development in children aged < 5 years: a systematic review[J]. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 2021, 18(1): 6. doi: 10.1186/s12966-020-01072-w
[6]	NUUTINEN T, LEHTO E, RAY C, et al. Clustering of energy balance-related behaviours, sleep, and overweight among Finnish adolescents[J]. Int J Public Health, 2017, 62(8): 929-938. doi: 10.1007/s00038-017-0991-4
[7]	GILES-CORTI B, TIMPERIO A, BULL F, et al. Understanding physical activity environmental correlates: increased specificity for ecological models[J]. Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 2005, 33(4): 175-181. doi: 10.1097/00003677-200510000-00005
[8]	EWING R. Can the physical environment determine physical activity levels?[J]. Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 2005, 33(2): 69-75. doi: 10.1097/00003677-200504000-00003
[9]	World Health Organization. Global recommendations on physical activity for health[EB/OL]. (2010-01-01)[2022-07-20]. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241599979.
[10]	HISLOP J F, BULLEY C, MERCER T H, et al. Comparison of epoch and uniaxial versus triaxial accelerometers in the measurement of physical activity in preschool children: a validation study[J]. Pediatr Exerc Sci, 2012, 24(3): 450-460. doi: 10.1123/pes.24.3.450
[11]	CHOI L, LIU Z, MATTHEWS C E, et al. Validation of accelerometer wear and nonwear time classification algorithm[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2011, 43(2): 357-364. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ed61a3
[12]	PATE R R, ALMEIDA M J, MCIVER K L, et al. Validation and calibration of an accelerometer in preschool children[J]. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2006, 14(11): 2000-2006. doi: 10.1038/oby.2006.234
[13]	中华人民共和国国家体育总局. 国民体质测定标准手册: 幼儿部分[M]. 北京: 人民体育出版社, 2003. State Physical Culture Administration of the PRC. National constitution measurement standard manual: children part[M]. Beijing: People's Sports Publishing House, 2003. (in Chinese)
[14]	黄海燕, 刘晓明, 孙华勇, 等. 聚类分析算法在不确定性决策中的应用[J]. 计算机科学, 2019, 46(S1): 593-597. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSJA2019S1128.htm HUANG H Y, LIU X M, SUN H Y, et al. Application of clustering analysis algorithm in uncertainty decision making[J]. Comput Sci, 2019, 46(S1): 593-597. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSJA2019S1128.htm
[15]	LEECH R M, MCNAUGHTON S A, TIMPERIO A. The clustering of diet, physical activity and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents: a review[J]. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 2014, 11: 4. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-4
[16]	郝晓岑, 何俊, 管文璐. 我国幼儿体育环境的特征分析与构建路径研究[J]. 北京体育大学学报, 2021, 44(9): 86-95. doi: 10.19582/j.cnki.11-3785/g8.2021.09.009 HAO X C, HE J, GUAN W L, Research on the features and construction path of a sports environment for children in China[J]. J Beijing Sport Univ, 2021, 44(9): 86-95. (in Chinese) doi: 10.19582/j.cnki.11-3785/g8.2021.09.009
[17]	CHEN W, HAMMOND-BENNETT A, HYPNAR A, et al. Health-related physical fitness and physical activity in elementary school students[J]. BMC Public Health, 2018, 18(1): 195. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5107-4
[18]	MAO X, ZHANG J, LI Y, et al. The effects of football practice on children's fundamental movement skills: a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Front Pediatr, 2022, 10: 1019150. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.1019150
[19]	吴升扣, 纪仲秋, 李曙刚, 等. 韵律性身体活动改善幼儿侧滑步下肢积分肌电贡献率的研究[J]. 成都体育学院学报, 2016, 42(5): 23-28. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SORT201605005.htm WU S K, JI Z Q, LI S G, et al. An empirical study on the effect of young children's rhythmic physical activities on promoting the lower limb iEMG contribution[J]. J Chengdu Sport Univ, 2016, 42(5): 23-28. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SORT201605005.htm
[20]	GILBERT A S, SCHMIDT L, BECK A, et al. Associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviors with child mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic[J]. BMC Public Health, 2021, 21(1): 1770-1782. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11805-6
[21]	ROHDE J F, LARSEN S C, SEDERBERG M, et al. Outdoor kindergartens: a structural way to improve early physical activity behaviour?[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023, 20(6): 5131. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20065131