注意缺陷多动障碍男童精细动作技能与执行功能的关系

宋以玲; 任园春; 范碧瑶; 杨莉; 王芳; 丰雷

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.10.019

注意缺陷多动障碍男童精细动作技能与执行功能的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.10.019

宋以玲^{1, 2},
任园春^1, ,,
范碧瑶¹,
杨莉³,
王芳⁴,
丰雷⁵

1.
北京师范大学体育与运动学院，北京 100875
2.
清华大学体育部
3.
北京大学精神卫生研究所
4.
北京市海淀区万泉小学体育教研组
5.
首都医科大学附属北京安定医院/国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心/精神疾病诊断与治疗北京市重点实验室

基金项目:

教育部人文社会科学研究项目 21YJA890025

国家重点研发计划重点专项 2017YFC1311101

北京师范大学教学建设与改革项目 2021-28

详细信息

作者简介:
宋以玲(1995-)，女，山东淄博人，在读博士，主要研究方向为运动康复与儿童动作发展

通讯作者:
任园春，E-mail: yuanchun-ren@bnu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: B844.1 R179 G804.66
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-27
- 修回日期: 2023-07-20
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-27
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-25

The relationship between fine motor skills and executive function in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

SONG Yiling^{1, 2},
REN Yuanchun^{1
, ,},
FAN Biyao¹,
YANG Li³,
WANG Fang⁴,
FENG Lei⁵

1.
College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing(100875), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨学龄期6~10岁注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)男童的精细动作技能和执行功能之间的关系，为促进ADHD男童执行功能的发展提供参考。方法于2020年11月至2021年5月，从北京市某三甲医院和北京市某公立小学招募65名ADHD男童，按照年龄和性别匹配募集正常发育的65名男童为正常对照组。采用儿童动作协调能力标准评估工具(MABC-2)评估儿童精细动作技能，利用Stroop色词测验(SCWT)、Rey复杂图形测验(ROCFT)、连线测验(TMT)分别评估儿童的抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性。采用独立样本t检验分析两组间的差异，利用Pearson相关分析和分层回归分析探讨ADHD男童精细动作技能和执行功能之间的关系。结果在精细动作技能测试中，ADHD男童得分(8.68±3.62)低于正常男童(11.22±2.27)(t=4.80)；在执行功能测试中，ADHD男童的SCWT、ROCFT、TMT测试结果均差于正常男童(t=-4.53~4.42)(P值均＜0.05)。相关性分析显示，ADHD男童的精细动作技能得分与字义错误数(r=-0.35)、颜色错误数(r=-0.42)呈负相关，与延时结构(r=0.30)和细节(r=0.25)记忆得分呈正相关，与TMT-A反应时(r=-0.34)、TMT-B反应时(r=-0.26)、错误数(r=-0.43)呈负相关(P值均＜0.05)。分层回归分析显示，ADHD男童的精细动作技能得分对抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性的测试结果均有预测作用(P值均＜0.05)，解释率分别为15%，7%，19%。结论 ADHD男童的精细动作技能与执行功能有相关性，且精细动作技能可在一定程度上预测抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性。可通过发展ADHD男童的精细动作技能来促进其执行功能的发展。
- 注意力缺陷障碍伴多动 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 执行功能 /
- 儿童 /
- 男(雄)性
Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between fine motor skills and executive function in school-aged boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aged 6-10 years, so as to provide a reference for promoting executive function. Methods From November 2022 to May 2021, 65 boys with ADHD were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Beijing and a public elementary school in Beijing, and 65 boys with typical development according to age and sex were recruited as controls. Children's fine motor skills were assessed using the movement assessment battery for children, second version (MABC-2), and children's inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were assessed using the Stroop color word test (SCWT), Rey osterrich complex figure test (ROCFT) and trail making test (TMT), respectively. Independent samples t-tests were used to analyze the differences between the two groups, and Pearson correlation analysis and stratified regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between fine motor skills and executive functioning in boys with ADHD. Results In the fine motor skills test, boys with ADHD scored significantly lower (8.68±3.62) than control boys (11.22±2.27)(t=4.80, P < 0.05); in the executive function test, the results of SCWT, ROCFT, and TMT tests were significantly worse in boys with ADHD than in normal boys (t=-4.53-4.42, P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the fine motor skill scores of boys with ADHD were negatively correlated with the number of word sense errors (r=-0.35) and color errors (r=-0.42), and positively correlated with memory scores for delayed structure (r=0.30) and detail (r=0.25), which were negatively correlated with TMT-A (r=-0.34), TMT-B reaction time (r=-0.26), number of errors (r=-0.43) (P < 0.05). Stratified regression analysis showed that fine motor skill scores of boys with ADHD were predictive of test results for inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility, with explanatory rates of 15%, 7%, and 19%, respectively. Conclusion Fine motor skills in boys with ADHD are correlated with executive functions, and fine motor skills could predict inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility to some extent. The development of fine motor skills in boy with ADHD could promote their executive functions.
- Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity /
- Mental health /
- Executive function /
- Child /
- Male
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 ADHD组与正常组男童的精细动作技能和执行功能比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of fine motor skills and executive functions in boys with ADHD group and normal boys group(x±s)

组别	人数	精细动作技能得分	SCWT				ROCFT				TMT
组别	人数	精细动作技能得分	字义反应时/s	字义错误数	颜色反应时/s	颜色错误数	即时结构/分	即时细节/分	延时结构/分	延时细节/分	TMT-A反应时/s	TMT-A错误数	TMT-B反应时/s	TMT-B错误数
正常组	65	11.22±2.27	22.64±8.19	0.15±0.48	45.40±13.42	1.08±1.52	3.69±1.74	13.05±6.15	3.68±1.81	12.61±6.41	52.68±21.91	0.03±0.17	155.87±73.16	0.72±1.15
ADHD组	65	8.68±3.62	32.81±16.15	0.80±1.63	56.99±16.53	2.37±3.11	2.40±1.85	8.38±5.93	2.29±1.83	7.82±6.19	64.23±32.22	0.20±0.57	194.46±85.05	2.25±2.82
t值		4.80	-4.53	-3.07	-4.39	-3.01	4.10	4.42	4.34	4.33	-2.84	-2.31	-2.77	-4.03
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	< 0.01

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表 2 ADHD男童精细动作技能与执行功能的分层线性回归分析(n=65)

Table 2. Hierarchical regression liner analysis of fine motor skills and executive function in boys with ADHD(n=65)

因变量	自变量	β值	B值	标准误	t值	R²值	调整R²值	R²变化
抑制控制	年龄	-0.32	-0.86	0.31	-2.74^**	0.27	0.23	0.15^**
	ADHD亚型	-0.04	-1.34	0.41	-0.33
	精细动作技能得分	-0.39	-0.33	0.10	-3.52^**
工作记忆	年龄	0.43	0.68	0.19	3.68^**	0.27	0.23	0.07^*
	ADHD亚型	0.02	0.04	0.24	0.18
	精细动作技能得分	0.26	0.13	0.06	2.39^*
认知灵活性	年龄	-0.18	-0.43	0.29	-1.48	0.24	0.21	0.19^**
	ADHD亚型	0.05	0.17	0.37	0.45
	精细动作技能得分	-0.44	-0.34	0.09	-3.91^**
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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