广西某地农村小学生水合状态及饮水知信行现状

程帅; 焦利静; 夏云婷; 许露曦; 钟格梅; 李洪兴

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.10.009

广西某地农村小学生水合状态及饮水知信行现状

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.10.009

1.
中国疾病预防控制中心农村改水技术指导中心, 北京 102200
2.
广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心环境卫生与地方病防制所

详细信息

作者简介:
程帅(2000-), 女, 山西晋城人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为饮水与健康

通讯作者:
李洪兴, E-mail: lihx@ncrwstg.chinacdc.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R123.1 R179 R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-12
- 修回日期: 2023-07-25
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-27
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-25

Hydration status and knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding hydration among primary school students in a rural area of Guangxi

1.
National Center for Rural Water Supply Technical Guidance, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing(102200), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解广西某地农村小学生水合状态及饮水知识态度行为现状, 为学校开展饮水健康教育提供指导。方法于2022年10月, 在广西某县选取2所包括饮水基础设施在内的基本条件相似的农村乡镇寄宿制小学, 采用整群抽样方法选择三至六年级439名学生作为调查对象, 采集学生尿样进行渗透压检测, 评价随机水合状态, 并进行饮水问卷调查。结果有35.54%的小学生随机水合状态为正常水合(尿液渗透压≤800 mOsm/kg), 女生正常水合状态的比例高于男生(44.50%, 26.70%, χ²=15.18, P < 0.05)。学生饮水知识总知晓率为37.36%, 高年级高于低年级(42.32%, 31.75%, χ²=26.10, P < 0.05);积极态度总持有率为66.20%, 女生高于男生(71.27%, 61.20%), 高年级高于低年级(68.78%, 63.29%)(χ²值分别为39.82, 11.77, P值均 < 0.05);正确饮水行为总形成率为40.83%, 女生高于男生(44.38%, 37.33%), 高年级高于低年级(43.56%, 37.74%)(χ²值分别为9.03, 6.13, P值均 < 0.05)。小学生在校随机水合状态与饮水方式有关(χ²=5.09, P < 0.05), 不正确的饮水方式会增加脱水的风险(OR=1.61, 95%CI=1.06~2.44, P < 0.05)。2所学校各年级中正常水合状态者所占的比例与知识总知晓率、积极态度总持有率、正确行为总形成率的关联无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论广西某地小学生在校期间随机水合状态不足比例较高, 健康饮水知识知晓率、积极态度持有率和正确行为形成率低。建议加强学生健康饮水方面的宣传教育, 引导学生健康饮水。
- 水合状态 /
- 饮水 /
- 健康知识, 态度, 实践 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate hydration status and knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding hydration among primary school students in a rural area of Guangxi, so as to provide guidance for hydration education in schools. Methods In october 2022, two rural township boarding primary schools with similar basic conditions including drinking water infrastructure, were selected in Guangxi.A total of 439 students in grades 3-6 from these two schools were selected as participants by the cluster sampling.Urinary osmolality of students was assessed to evaluate the random hydration status, and all the participants filled out the drinking water survey. Results About 35.54% of the participants were in normal hydration status (urine osmolality ≤800 mOsm/kg) during the interview, which was higher among female than male students (44.50%, 26.70%, χ²=15.18, P < 0.05).Among the participants, the overall awareness rate of knowledge was 37.36%, which was higher in the higher grades than in the lower grades (42.32%, 31.75%, χ²=26.10, P < 0.05).The overall positive attitude holding rate of students was 66.20%, more for girls than boys (71.27%, 61.20%) and higher for upper grades than lower grades (68.78%, 63.29%)(χ²=39.82, 11.77, P < 0.05).The overall correct drinking behavior formation rate was 40.83%, more for girls than boys (44.38%, 37.33%) and higher for upper grades than lower grades (43.56%, 37.74%)(χ²=9.03, 6.13, P < 0.05).The random hydration status of primary school students at school was associated with their drinking pattern (χ²=5.09, P < 0.05), and incorrect water intake patterns increased the risk of dehydration (OR=1.61, 95%CI=1.06-2.44, P < 0.05).No statistical association was found between the percentage of students with normal hydration status and its total rate of knowledge about drinking water, positive attitudes held and correct behaviors formed in the two schools at each grade level (P>0.05). Conclusion The proportion of primary school students with insufficient random hydration status during school in Guangxi is relatively high.The rates of awareness, concept holding and habit formation of healthy drinking water are low.It is recommended to strengthen the propaganda and education, and guide students to develop healthy drinking habits.
- State of hydration /
- Drinking /
- Health knowledge, attitudes, practice /
- Students
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表 1 广西某县不同组别农村小学生饮水相关知识知晓率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the awareness of drinking water knowledge among rural elementary school students of different groups in a county in Guangxi

组别	选项	人数	统计值	饮水行为选择	生水导致腹泻	适宜饮水温度	日适宜饮水量	水的生理功能
性别	男	221		110(49.77)	100(45.25)	95(42.99)	64(28.96)	34(15.38)
	女	218		129(59.17)	100(45.87)	93(42.66)	59(27.06)	36(16.51)
			χ²值	3.91	0.02	0.00	0.20	0.10
			P值	0.05	0.90	0.95	0.66	0.75
年级	低	206		90(43.69)	82(39.81)	85(41.26)	41(19.90)	29(14.08)
	高	233		149(63.95)	118(50.64)	103(44.21)	82(35.19)	41(17.60)
			χ²值	18.09	5.18	0.39	12.67	1.01
			P值	< 0.01	0.02	0.53	< 0.01	0.31
合计		439		239(54.44)	200(45.56)	188(42.82)	123(28.02)	70(15.95)
注： ()内数字为知晓率/%。

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表 2 广西某县不同组别农村小学生饮水相关态度构成比较

Table 2. Comparison of the composition of drinking water-related attitudes among rural elementary school students of different groups in a county in Guangxi

组别	选项	人数	统计值	饮水对健康很重要			不渴就没必要喝水^*			带水去学校很麻烦			饮料可以代替白水^*
组别	选项	人数	统计值	同意	中立	不同意	同意	中立	不同意	同意	中立	不同意	同意	中立	不同意
性别	男	221		163(73.76)	8(3.62)	50(22.62)	62(28.18)	18(8.18)	140(63.64)	69(31.22)	12(5.43)	140(63.35)	54(24.43)	19(8.60)	148(66.97)
	女	218		179(82.11)	14(6.42)	25(11.47)	39(17.97)	22(10.14)	156(71.89)	35(16.06)	26(11.93)	157(72.02)	37(17.05)	9(4.15)	171(78.80)
			χ²值		10.69			6.48			17.23			8.37
			P值		< 0.01			0.04			< 0.01			0.02
年级	低	206		159(77.18)	9(4.37)	38(18.45)	63(30.73)	12(5.85)	130(63.41)	42(20.39)	14(6.80)	150(72.82)	48(23.30)	10(4.85)	148(71.84)
	高	233		183(78.54)	13(5.58)	37(15.88)	38(16.38)	28(12.07)	166(71.55)	62(26.61)	24(10.30)	147(63.09)	43(18.53)	18(7.76)	171(73.71)
			χ²值		0.77			15.36			4.87			2.68
			P值		0.68			< 0.01			0.09			0.26
合计		439		342(77.90)	22(5.01)	75(17.08)	101(23.11)	40(9.15)	296(67.73)	104(23.69)	38(8.66)	297(67.65)	91(20.78)	28(6.39)	319(72.83)

组别	选项	人数	统计值	常喝饮料导致肥胖^*			常喝饮料影响健康			常喝饮料导致龋齿			需要学习相关知识
组别	选项	人数	统计值	同意	中立	不同意	同意	中立	不同意	同意	中立	不同意	同意	中立	不同意
性别	男	221		103(46.82)	15(6.82)	102(46.36)	138(62.44)	7(3.17)	76(34.39)	128(57.92)	16(7.24)	77(34.84)	122(55.20)	15(6.79)	84(38.01)
	女	218		137(62.84)	30(13.76)	51(23.39)	174(79.82)	8(3.67)	36(16.51)	146(66.97)	16(7.34)	56(25.69)	123(56.42)	23(10.55)	72(33.03)
			χ²值		26.81			18.49			4.48			2.59
			P值		< 0.01			< 0.01			0.11			0.27
年级	低	206		96(46.60)	26(12.62)	84(40.78)	140(67.96)	9(4.37)	57(27.67)	114(55.34)	15(7.28)	77(37.38)	106(51.46)	20(9.71)	80(38.83)
	高	233		144(62.07)	19(8.19)	69(29.74)	172(73.82)	6(2.58)	55(23.61)	160(68.67)	17(7.30)	56(24.03)	139(59.66)	18(7.73)	76(32.62)
			χ²值		10.65			2.27			9.54			3.00
			P值		< 0.01			0.32			< 0.01			0.22
合计		439		240(54.79)	45(10.27)	153(34.93)	312(71.07)	15(3.42)	112(25.51)	274(62.41)	32(7.29)	133(30.30)	245(55.81)	38(8.66)	156(35.54)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%；*部分数据有缺失。

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表 3 广西某县不同组别农村小学生饮水相关行为构成比较

Table 3. Comparison of the composition of drinking water-related behaviors among rural elementary school students of different groupsin a county in Guangxi

组别	选项	统计值	饮水量/(mL·d^-1)					饮水频率/(次·d^-1)
组别	选项	统计值	人数	< 600	600~1 000	>1 000~1 400	>1 400	人数	1	2~3	4~6	>6
性别	男		219	110(50.23)	84(38.36)	15(6.85)	10(4.57)	218	42(19.27)	86(39.45)	51(23.39)	39(17.89)
	女		217	132(60.83)	58(26.73)	18(8.29)	9(4.15)	213	33(15.49)	72(33.80)	62(29.11)	46(21.60)
		Z值			1.82					1.81
		P值			0.07					0.07
年级	低		205	132(64.39)	53(25.85)	12(5.85)	8(3.90)	202	49(24.26)	77(38.12)	39(19.31)	37(18.32)
	高		231	110(47.62)	89(38.53)	21(9.09)	11(4.76)	229	26(11.35)	81(35.37)	74(32.31)	48(20.96)
		Z值			-3.34					-3.37
		P值			< 0.01					< 0.01
合计			436	242(55.50)	142(32.57)	33(7.57)	19(4.36)	431	75(17.40)	158(36.66)	113(26.22)	85(19.72)

组别	选项	统计值	饮水方式					饮品选择
组别	选项	统计值	人数	少量多次足量饮水		口渴才喝	集中大量	人数	白水	饮料	奶类	其他
性别	男		217	57(26.27)		135(62.21)	25(11.52)	221	158(71.49)	27(12.22)	29(13.12)	7(3.17)
	女		215	81(37.67)		109(50.70)	25(11.63)	217	171(78.80)	16(7.37)	26(11.98)	4(1.84)
		χ²值	6.94					4.27
		P值	0.03					0.23
年级	低		206	58(28.16)		124(60.19)	24(11.65)	206	157(76.21)	18(8.74)	27(13.11)	4(1.94)
	高		226	80(35.40)		120(53.10)	26(11.50)	232	172(74.14)	25(10.78)	28(12.07)	7(3.02)
		χ²值	2.73					1.12
		P值	0.26					0.77
合计			432	138(31.94)		244(56.48)	50(11.57)	438	329(75.11)	43(9.82)	55(12.56)	11(2.51)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。部分数据有缺失。

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