铜陵市学龄前儿童饮食行为问题及影响因素

方红英; 徐成恒; 高红琼; 汤银霞; 曹月婷; 黄威

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.10.008

铜陵市学龄前儿童饮食行为问题及影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.10.008

1.
安徽省铜陵市妇幼保健院儿童保健科, 244000
2.
铜陵市妇幼保健院药学部

基金项目:

安徽省卫生健康科研项目 AHWJ2022c027

详细信息

作者简介:
方红英(1976-), 女, 安徽黄山人, 本科, 副主任医师, 主要研究方向为儿童早期发展

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R155.1 R179 G78
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-17
- 修回日期: 2023-07-19
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-27
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-25

Eating behaviors and associated factors among preschool children in Tongling City

1.
Department of Child Health Care, Tongling Maternity and Child Health Hosptital, Tongling(244000), Anhui Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨多孩生育环境下学龄前儿童饮食行为问题及其影响因素, 为学龄前儿童养成良好的饮食习惯提供依据。方法采取分层随机整群抽样方法, 于2022年4-6月抽取铜陵市11所幼儿园2 647名学龄前儿童监护人, 采用父母教养方式问卷、儿童饮食行为问题筛查评估问卷(IMFeD)、父母喂养风格量表(CFSQ)和自制问卷进行调查。采用多元线性回归分析学龄前儿童饮食行为的影响因素。结果学龄前儿童饮食行为问题发生率为71.4%, 以食欲缺乏发生率最高(55.6%)。单孩家庭学龄前儿童发生食欲缺乏、挑食、不良进餐、不恰当期望的饮食行为问题检出率(60.6%, 41.0%, 32.0%, 19.5%)均高于多孩家庭(51.7%, 36.4%, 27.2%, 16.6%)(χ²值分别为20.05, 5.95, 7.16, 3.92, P值均 < 0.05)。多孩家庭中, 年龄差在5~ < 10岁组的学龄前儿童发生害怕进食(2.3%)、潜在疾病状态(0.6%)的饮食行为问题检出率最低(χ²值分别为11.54, 8.51, P值均 < 0.05)。多孩中, "大孩"的挑食、不良进餐习惯检出率(42.0%, 32.5%)高于"二孩及三孩"(34.6%, 25.6%)(χ²值分别为6.15, 6.38, P值均 < 0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示, 家庭多孩(β=-1.40)、民主型教养方式(β=-0.07)、喂养反应总分越高(β=-0.33)均与学龄前儿童饮食行为问题发生呈负相关; 母亲学历越低[高中和初中(β=0.87), 小学及以下(β=3.69)]、日均视屏时间越长(β=0.10)、喂养要求总分越高(β=0.64)、溺爱型(β=0.21)、放任型(β=0.27)、不一致型(β=0.14)教养方式均与学龄前儿童饮食行为问题发生呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论学龄前儿童饮食行为问题检出率较高; 应重点关注单孩和多孩中的"大孩", 同时考虑喂养风格和教养方式的适宜性, 促进学龄前儿童良好饮食行为习惯的养成。
- 政府政策 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract: Objective To examine the eating behaviors and associated factors among preschool children from multiple-child families, so as to provide a basis for promoting healthy eating habits in this population. Methods From April to June 2022, a stratified random cluster sampling method was employed to selected 2 647 guardians of preschool children in 11 kindergartens in Tongling City.Parenting style questionnaire, Identification and Management of Feeding Difficulty Questionnaire (IMFeD), Caregiver's Feeding Style Questionnaire (CFSQ) and a self-designed questionnaire were administered.Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the factors influencing eating behaviors among preschool children. Results In the study, the detection of eating behavior problems among preschool children was 71.4%, and the detection of reduced appetite was the highest (55.6%).The detection rates of anorexia, picky eating, poor eating and improper eating behavior in only-child families were higher (60.6%, 41.0%, 32.0%, 19.5%), compared with those in multiple-child families (51.7%, 36.4%, 27.2%, 16.6%)(χ²=20.05, 5.95, 7.16, 3.92, P < 0.05).Among multiple-child families, the detection rates of fear of eating and underlying disease were the lowest in 5- < 10-year-old group (2.3%, 0.6%)(χ²=11.54, 8.51, P < 0.05).In multiple-child families, the detection rates of picky eating and poor eating habits for the first-born child were higher (42.0%, 32.5%), compared with second-born and third-born child (34.6%, 25.6%)(χ²=6.15, 6.38, P < 0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that multiple-child families (β=-1.40), democratic parenting style (β=-0.07), higher feeding response scores (β=-0.33) were negatively associated with eating behavior problems among preschool children (P < 0.05).Eating behavior problems among preschool children were positively correlated with less educated mothers[high and junior high school education (β=0.87), primary school education and below (β=3.69)], longer average daily screen time (β=0.10), higher feeding requirements scores (β=0.64), doting parenting styles (β=0.21), permissive parenting styles (β=0.27) and inconsistent parenting styles (β=0.14)(P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of the eating behaviors problems among preschool children is high in schools.Greater attention should be paid to only-child and first-born child of multiple-child families, and appropriate feeding and parenting styles, so as to promote healthy eating habits among this population.
- Public policy /
- Food habits /
- Behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
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表 1 不同组别多孩家庭学龄前儿童饮食行为问题检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the detection rates of eating behavior problems of preschool children in multi-child families among different groups

组别	选项	人数	统计值	食欲缺乏	挑食	不良进餐	不恰当期望	害怕进食	潜在疾病
出生顺序	大孩	348		195(56.0)	146(42.0)	113(32.5)	68(19.5)	14(4.0)	5(1.4)
	二孩及三孩	1 126		567(50.4)	390(34.6)	288(25.6)	176(15.6)	31(2.8)	12(1.1)
			χ²值	3.43	6.15	6.38	2.94	1.45	0.32
			P值	0.06	0.01	0.01	0.09	0.23	0.57
年龄差/岁	< 5	753		412(54.7)	280(37.2)	206(27.4)	124(16.5)	21(2.8)	9(1.2)
	5~ < 10	472		224(47.5)	155(32.8)	119(25.2)	71(15.0)	11(2.3)	3(0.6)
	10~ < 15	217		108(49.8)	87(40.1)	62(28.6)	39(18.0)	9(4.1)	3(1.4)
	≥15	32		18(56.2)	14(43.8)	14(43.8)	10(31.2)	4(12.5)	2(6.2)
			χ²值	6.73	4.81	5.58	6.10	11.54	8.51
			P值	0.08	0.19	0.13	0.11	0.01	0.04
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 学龄前儿童饮食行为问题单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of eating behavior problems in preschool children

组别	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 333	967(72.5)	1.60	0.21
	女	1 314	924(70.3)
年龄/岁	3	236	169(71.6)	1.67	0.64
	4	811	592(73.0)
	5	1 105	784(71.0)
	6	495	346(69.9)
母亲学历	大专及以上	1 321	981(74.3)	13.53	< 0.01
	高中和初中	1 284	876(68.2)
	小学及以下	42	34(81.0)
父亲学历	大专及以上	1 420	1 045(73.6)	9.90	< 0.01
	高中和初中	1 206	828(68.7)
	小学及以下	21	18(85.7)
喂养风格	权威型	818	662(80.9)	158.42	< 0.01
	专制型	514	434(84.4)
	顺应型	1 109	662(59.7)
	无关型	206	133(64.6)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 学龄前儿童饮食行为问题多元线性回归分析(n=2 647)

Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of eating behavior problems in preschool children(n=2 647)

常量与自变量	β值	标准误	B值	t值	P值
常量	7.10	1.88		3.78	< 0.01
家庭多孩	-1.40	0.30	-0.07	-4.65	< 0.01
喂养要求总分	0.64	0.02	0.66	29.05	< 0.01
喂养反应总分	-0.33	0.06	-0.14	-6.01	< 0.01
母亲学历
高中和初中	0.87	0.37	0.05	2.34	0.02
小学及以下	3.70	1.30	0.05	2.86	0.01
父亲学历
高中和初中	-0.39	0.37	-0.02	-1.07	0.29
小学及以下	-0.34	1.78	-0.01	-0.20	0.85
家庭教养方式
溺爱型	0.21	0.06	0.07	3.90	< 0.01
民主型	-0.07	0.04	-0.04	-2.14	0.03
放任型	0.27	0.04	0.12	6.30	< 0.01
专制型	-0.01	0.04	-0.00	-0.17	0.87
不一致型	0.14	0.05	0.05	2.73	< 0.01
日均视屏时间	0.10	0.02	0.07	4.42	< 0.01

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