内蒙古地区2021年12岁学生脊柱侧弯现况及相关因素分析

赵静; 张艺凡; 高昇; 杨田; 赵菊芳; 李国峰; 巴特尔; 张秀红

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.09.027

内蒙古地区2021年12岁学生脊柱侧弯现况及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.09.027

赵静¹,
张艺凡²,
高昇²,
杨田²,
赵菊芳²,
李国峰²,
巴特尔^1, ,,
张秀红^1, ,

1.
内蒙古医科大学公共卫生学院, 呼和浩特 010031
2.
内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科

基金项目:

内蒙古自治区科技计划项目 2020GG022

详细信息

作者简介:
赵静(1987-), 女, 内蒙古乌兰察布人, 在读硕士, 卫生检验师, 主要研究方向为预防医学

通讯作者:
巴特尔, E-mail: 384676526@qq.com

张秀红, E-mail: 1097011949@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R682.3 R179 R726.8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-22
- 修回日期: 2023-07-13
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-25

Status of scoliosis and the related factors among 12-year-old school students from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2021

1.
School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot (010031), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解内蒙古地区12岁学生脊柱侧弯现状及相关因素，为精准开展青少年脊柱弯曲异常防控提供科学依据。方法于2021年10—11月，采用分层随机整群抽样方法，以内蒙古自治区18 399名12岁学生为研究对象，开展脊柱弯曲异常筛查与影响因素问卷调查。采用χ²检验进行单因素分析，采用二元Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果共检出脊柱弯曲异常学生397例(2.2%)，其中脊柱侧弯368例(2.0%)。腰胸椎段侧弯检出205例，检出率为1.1%；胸椎段、腰胸椎段侧弯分别检出173，141例，检出率分别为0.9%，0.8%。二元Logistic回归分析显示，城区、经济片区中的中片、小学前参加文化类补习班、班级座位从不定时调换与12岁学生脊柱侧弯发生呈正相关(OR值分别为1.95，1.67，1.76，1.71，P值均＜0.05)；肥胖、平均每周上3或4节体育课，小学前参加过体美类兴趣班与12岁学生脊柱侧弯的发生均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.69，0.31，0.36，0.71，P值均＜0.05)。结论内蒙古自治区12岁学生脊柱侧弯不容乐观，应重视12岁前学生脊柱侧弯防控，积极预防侧弯发生和进展。
- 脊柱侧凸 /
- 患病率 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生 /
- 少数民族
Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of scoliosis in 12-year-old students from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide scientific basis for accurate prevention and control of abnormal spinal curvature. Methods From October to November 2021, a total of 18 399 students aged 12 were selected by region and school level by stratified random cluster sampling method, and spinal curvature screening and questionnaire survey of common diseases and health influencing factors among students were carried out. Chi-squared test was used for single factor analysis, and binary Logistic regression model was used for multi factor analysis. Results A total of 397 students (2.2%) were detected with abnormal curvature of the spine, including 368 students (2.0%) with scoliosis. Among them, 205 cases were in the lumbar thoracic segment with a detection rate of 1.1%, 173 cases were in the thoracic segment with a detection rate of 0.9%, and 141 cases were in lumbar thoracic segment with a detection rate of 0.8%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that urban area, economic area(moderate), attending tutorial classes before primary school and class seats never changed regularly were positively correlated with the occurrence of scoliosis among 12 year old students (OR=1.95, 1.67, 1.76, 1.71, P < 0.05). Obesity, attending an average of 3 or 4 physical education classes per week, attending physical fitness and beauty classes before primary school were negatively correlated with the occurrence of scoliosis among 12 year old students (OR=0.69, 0.31, 0.36, 0.71, P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of scoliosis among 12-year-old students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is not optimistic. It should pay attention to the prevention and control of scoliosis in students before the age of 12, actively prevent the occurrence and progress of scoliosis.
- Scoliosis /
- Prevalence /
- Regression analysis /
- Students /
- Minority groups
注释:

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表 1 不同组别内蒙古12岁学生脊柱侧弯检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of detection rate of scoliosis for 12-year-old students among different groups in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

组别	选项	人数	脊柱侧弯人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	9 303	168(1.8)	3.62	0.06
	女	9 096	200(2.2)
民族	汉族	12 393	264(2.1)	3.28	0.07
	蒙古族及其他	6 006	104(1.7)
监测点	城区	4 322	144(3.3)	51.11	＜0.01
	郊县	14 077	224(1.6)
经济片区	好	4 739	102(2.2)	9.98	0.01
	中	8 252	185(2.2)
	差	5 408	81(1.5)
身高	非矮小	16 641	316(1.9)	9.10	＜0.01
	矮小	1 758	52(3.0)
超重	是	7 630	135(1.8)	3.54	0.06
	否	10 769	233(2.2)
肥胖	是	4 333	66(1.5)	6.58	0.01
	否	14 066	302(2.1)
过去7 d每日含糖饮料	从来不喝	7 441	150(2.0)	0.16	0.92
饮用频率/次^*	＜1	10 248	203(2.0)
	≥1	684	15(2.2)
过去7 d每日油炸食品	从来不吃	7 123	145(2.0)	1.84	0.40
摄入频率/次^*	＜1	10 724	216(2.0)
	≥1	511	6(1.2)
过去7 d吃早餐情况^*	每天吃	13 906	267(1.9)	1.36	0.51
	有时吃	3 904	82(2.1)
	从来不吃	558	14(2.5)
过去7 d每日早餐含	是	12 146	223(1.8)	4.14	0.04
奶类^*	否	6 233	142(2.3)
过去7 d每天≥60 min	0	1 961	41(2.1)	4.17	0.76
中高强度运动天数^*	1	1 948	44(2.3)
	2	2 601	48(1.8)
	3	2 610	51(2.0)
	4	1 959	39(2.0)
	5	2 948	50(1.7)
	6	969	25(2.6)
	7	3 359	68(2.0)
周末或节假日每天	都能做到	3 840	65(1.7)	2.80	0.59
≥60 min中高强	多数能做到	5 051	108(2.1)
度运动^*	能做到一半	3 057	62(2.0)
	少数能做到	4 840	98(2.0)
	几乎做不到	1 567	35(2.2)
平均每周上体育课	0	134	7(5.2)	27.76	＜0.01
节数^*	1	549	7(1.3)
	2	2 557	81(3.2)
	3	3 984	72(1.8)
	4	6 840	119(1.7)
	≥5	4 289	81(1.9)
班级座位是否左右	是	14 413	274(1.9)	3.36	0.07
轮转^*	否	3 936	93(2.4)
定时调换班级座位^*	从不	1 193	37(3.1)	7.80	0.02
	1个月或1学期一次	2 460	47(1.9)
	每周或2周一次	14 693	284(1.9)
根据身高调整课桌椅	是	7 952	134(1.7)	7.10	0.01
高度^*	否	10 399	233(2.2)
小学前参加文化类补	是	4 186	119(2.8)	18.16	＜0.01
习班^*	否	5 289	83(1.6)
小学前参加体美类兴	是	5 304	95(1.8)	6.71	0.01
趣班^*	否	4 171	107(2.6)
注：()内数字为检出率/%；*数据有缺失。

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表 2 内蒙古12岁学生脊柱侧弯影响因素的Logistic回归分析(n=18 399)

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of scoliosis for 12-year-old students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(n=18 399)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
监测点	城区	0.67	0.15	19.28	＜0.01	1.95(1.45~2.64)
经济片区	好	0.35	0.21	2.79	0.10	1.41(0.94~2.12)
	中	0.51	0.19	7.56	＜0.01	1.67(1.16~2.40)
身高	矮小	0.29	0.21	1.88	0.17	1.34(0.88~2.04)
肥胖	是	-0.37	0.18	4.06	0.04	0.69(0.49~0.99)
过去7 d每天早餐含奶类	否	0.22	0.15	2.07	0.15	1.24(0.92~1.67)
平均每周上体育课节数	1	-1.15	0.65	3.14	0.08	0.32(0.09~1.13)
	2	-0.49	0.49	0.99	0.32	0.62(0.24~1.61)
	3	-1.19	0.50	5.62	0.02	0.31(0.12~0.81)
	4	-1.03	0.48	4.53	0.03	0.36(0.14~0.92)
	≥5	-0.95	0.50	3.68	0.06	0.39(0.15~1.02)
定时调换班级座位	从不	0.54	0.23	5.31	0.02	1.71(1.08~2.70)
	1个月或1学期一次	-0.13	0.23	0.34	0.56	0.88(0.56~1.37)
根据身高调整课桌椅高度	是	-0.18	0.15	1.40	0.24	0.83(0.62~1.13)
小学前参加文化类补习班	是	0.56	0.15	14.72	＜0.01	1.76(1.32~2.35)
小学前参加体美类兴趣班	是	-0.34	0.15	5.44	0.02	0.71(0.54~0.95)

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