Changes in physical health among primary and secondary school students in Jinan City during 2019 to 2022
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摘要:
目的 分析2019—2022年济南市中小学生体质健康水平的变化, 为提升中小学生体质健康水平提供参考。 方法 于2019—2022年采用整群随机抽样方法在济南市抽取16 496名中小学生, 根据《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》计算各年度的中小学生体质健康综合得分, 并采用t检验、单因素分析、协方差分析、χ2检验等分析中小学生体质健康水平的变化。 结果 学生体质健康综合得分各年份从高至低依次为2022年(80.78±12.63)、2021年(79.12±12.72)、2019年(75.17±2.03)和2020年(73.82±12.63)。2019—2022年各年份, 女生的体质健康综合得分均优于男生(F值分别为105.39, 288.29, 197.90, 159.36, P值均＜0.01)。2019—2022年不同年级男生及女生体质健康综合得分的差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为34.22, 34.96, 20.33, 45.08;13.56, 18.29, 24.86, 30.01, P值均＜0.01)。中小学生各单项指标在2020年呈现出不同程度的下滑, 除体质量指数(BMI)以外、肺活量、50 m跑、坐位体前屈、立定跳远、1 min仰卧起坐、引体向上、耐力跑、1 min跳绳在2019—2022年的波动均有统计学意义(小学: F值分别为127.58, 44.80, 223.64, 76.66, 10.69, 296.79;初中: F值分别为189.31, 52.10, 63.12, 61.49, 7.34, 8.10, 50.94, P值均＜0.01)。2019—2022年, 中小学生超重肥胖检出率分别为30.09%, 31.45%, 30.14%和30.60%, 差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.26, P＞0.05)。2019—2022年各年段小学和初中男生超重肥胖率分别为34.56%, 34.66%, 32.14%, 33.73%;37.41%, 43.53%, 41.36%, 39.16%, 小学和初中女生超重肥胖率分别为24.66%, 24.39%, 24.61%, 24.65%;23.82%, 28.74%, 26.99%, 27.95%, 差异均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为2.93, 4.29, 0.04, 3.12, P值均>0.05)。 结论 2019—2022年济南市中小学生身体形态并未发生明显改变, 体质健康总体水平受到新冠病毒感染疫情影响出现小幅度下滑后实现快速的恢复和发展。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the changes in physical health among primary and secondary school students in Jinan during 2019 to 2022, so as to provide reference for primary and secondary school students physical health promotion. Methods From 2019 to 2022, 16 496 primary and junior middle school students will be selected from Jinan by cluster random sampling method, the comprehensive scores of physical health for each year were calculated according to the National Student Physical Health Standards (revised in 2014), and changes in physical health were analyzed using t-tests, univariate analysis, analysis of covariance and χ2 tests. Results The students' physical health scores ranged from high to low in 2022(80.78±12.63), 2021(79.12±12.72), 2019 (75.17±2.03)and 2020(73.82±12.63). During 2019 to 2022, the overall physical health score of female students were higher than that of male students (F=105.39, 288.29, 197.90, 159.36, P < 0.01). The differences in the comprehensive physical and health scores of male and female students in different grades from 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant (F=34.22, 34.96, 20.33, 45.08, 13.56, 18.29, 24.86, 30.01, P < 0.01). The individual indicators showed varying degrees of decline in 2020. Except for body mass index (BMI), the fluctuations in lung's capacity, run 50 meters, sit forward, standing long jump, 1-minute sit-ups, pull-up, endurance running, 1-minute skipping rope during 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant (primary school: F=127.58, 44.80, 223.64, 76.66, 10.69, 296.79, secondary school: F=189.31, 52.10, 63.12, 61.49, 7.34, 8.10, 50.94, P < 0.01). The detection rates of overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students from 2019 to 2022 were 30.09%, 31.45%, 30.14%, and 30.60%, respectively (χ2=2.26, P > 0.05). From 2019 to 2022, the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school boys were 34.56%, 34.66%, 32.14%, 33.73%, 37.41%, 43.53%, 41.36%, 39.16%, respectively, and the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school girls were 24.66%, 24.39%, 24.61%, 24.65%, 23.82%, 28.74%, 26.99%, 27.95%, respectively, none of which were statistically significant (χ2=2.93, 4.29, 0.04, 3.12, P > 0.05). Conclusion During 2019 to 2022, there are no significant changes in physical health indicators among primary and secondary school students in Jinan, and the overall level of physical health recovered rapidly after a slight decline due to the COVID-19 epidemic. -
Key words:
- Body constitution /
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Growth and development /
- Students
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 2019—2022年不同性别中小学生年龄和体质健康综合得分比较(x±s)
Table 1. Comparison of the age and physical health comprehensive scores for primary and secondary school students of different genders from 2019 to 2022(x±s)
年份 性别 人数 统计值 年龄/岁 体质健康综合得分 2019 男 1 905 9.16±2.33 73.19±13.53 女 1 721 9.26±2.33 77.15±10.52 t/F值 -1.34 105.39 P值 0.18 ＜0.01 2020 男 2 117 9.47±2.44 70.65±14.31 女 1 953 9.49±2.52 76.99±10.95 t/F值 -0.34 288.29 P值 0.73 ＜0.01 2021 男 2 239 9.53±2.55 76.44±14.52 女 2 028 9.57±2.57 81.80±10.92 t/F值 -0.39 197.90 P值 0.69 ＜0.01 2022 男 2 391 9.55±2.55 78.57±14.45 女 2 142 9.59±2.54 82.98±10.80 t/F值 -0.54 159.36 P值 0.59 ＜0.01 
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表 2 不同年级中小学生2019—2022年体质健康综合得分比较(x±s)
Table 2. Comparison of comprehensive physical and health scores of students for primary and secondary school different grades from 2019 to 2022(x±s)
性别 年级 统计值 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年 F值 P值 人数 体质健康综合得分 人数 体质健康综合得分 人数 体质健康综合得分 人数 体质健康综合得分 男 一 309 73.07±8.45 269 68.27±9.74 328 81.28±12.65 331 80.48±11.18 100.66 ＜0.01 二 262 72.99±8.27 316 71.38±15.22 268 78.42±13.62 329 87.92±14.40 101.72 ＜0.01 三 221 79.20±13.70 297 75.28±16.40 313 80.10±11.90 269 78.33±13.79 6.56 ＜0.01 四 234 77.65±11.99 223 73.64±15.80 291 75.38±13.89 321 79.49±11.30 10.10 ＜0.01 五 224 73.50±12.68 245 72.40±13.02 223 78.82±18.67 297 77.96±13.88 11.49 ＜0.01 六 246 77.42±11.04 234 75.60±12.06 226 74.74±13.29 226 80.44±14.38 8.91 ＜0.01 七 191 62.38±13.05 229 61.54±14.95 186 72.01±14.98 205 67.32±14.57 22.26 ＜0.01 八 112 67.75±16.59 190 63.47±15.03 224 71.87±14.73 188 73.45±15.28 16.29 ＜0.01 九 106 72.19±10.79 114 65.85±16.82 180 69.54±12.73 225 74.53±13.47 11.01 ＜0.01 F值 34.22 34.96 20.33 45.08 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 女 一 253 75.74±8.44 290 73.81±9.95 274 86.21±12.07 281 84.25±10.91 95.96 ＜0.01 二 240 77.51±7.86 262 73.06±11.21 289 84.97±10.62 276 90.75±11.99 146.06 ＜0.01 三 199 82.30±11.81 252 76.82±12.60 263 81.78±9.99 293 82.38±10.80 14.16 ＜0.01 四 211 81.74±12.80 202 77.93±9.92 249 77.85±10.25 263 80.96±9.34 8.35 ＜0.01 五 201 77.82±8.38 227 77.40±11.35 197 84.61±11.56 252 79.87±8.95 21.74 ＜0.01 六 214 81.04±8.74 198 78.28±9.47 215 77.76±9.96 201 84.01±10.29 18.57 ＜0.01 七 185 77.33±10.04 215 77.13±8.99 159 83.99±9.16 207 78.78±10.95 17.96 ＜0.01 八 122 74.97±10.03 188 74.65±11.40 205 79.41±8.95 161 83.10±9.50 25.86 ＜0.01 九 96 79.82±6.20 119 70.93±15.01 177 78.02±9.98 208 81.19±8.03 25.04 ＜0.01 F值 13.56 18.29 24.86 30.01 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01
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表 3 不同学段各年份中小学生体质健康单项指标得分比较(x±s)
Table 3. Comparison of individual index scores for physical health among primary and secondary school students in different academic stages for different years(x±s)
学段 年份 人数 统计值 BMI 肺活量 50 m跑 坐位体前屈 立定跳远 1 min仰卧起坐 引体向上 耐力跑 1 min跳绳 小学 2019 2 814 90.20±14.62 79.39±11.98 69.86±21.69 65.05±21.47 71.54±16.48 76.19±20.89 77.49±14.97 2020 3 015 88.88±15.56 73.02±13.17 67.55±23.67 63.33±23.08 68.16±19.05 75.64±21.01 77.13±15.08 2021 3 136 90.37±14.71 77.68±14.62 72.65±20.77 69.66±20.27 75.89±16.86 72.22±22.81 85.85±18.46 2022 3 339 90.06±14.79 77.24±14.86 72.83±19.74 75.02±16.59 73.80±17.51 71.56±21.95 85.80±14.41 F值 2.02 127.58 44.80 223.64 76.66 10.69 296.79 P值 0.06 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 初中 2019 812 88.25±16.01 81.20±15.02 72.88±20.78 66.49±21.27 67.89±19.97 80.28±11.88 15.95±26.53 65.64±26.11 2020 1 055 87.58±16.59 72.06±19.72 70.69±20.46 61.13±24.36 63.48±23.37 79.72±12.03 14.57±26.13 64.29±27.09 2021 1 131 88.82±15.50 72.38±18.03 78.93±17.73 67.14±21.09 72.66±19.39 82.65±11.43 24.19±31.71 74.05±23.19 2022 1 194 89.46±15.32 86.63±15.34 79.69±15.46 73.19±20.52 73.78±17.33 80.70±12.48 19.08±28.68 69.68±25.36 F值 2.29 189.31 52.10 63.12 61.49 7.34 8.10 50.94 P值 0.08 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01
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