北京市某小学不同年级学生校内日运动负荷特征

赵鹏瑞; 孙颖华; 迟文莹; 吴枝桂; 薛姣; 侯莉娟

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.09.016

北京市某小学不同年级学生校内日运动负荷特征

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.09.016

1.
北京师范大学体育与运动学院，100875
2.
北京市第二实验小学

详细信息

作者简介:
赵鹏瑞(2000-)，男，河南洛阳人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为运动负荷生理监控

通讯作者:
侯莉娟，E-mail：houlj@bnu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G804.49 G633.96 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-14
- 修回日期: 2023-08-12
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-25

The characteristics of daily exercise load of students of different grades in a primary school in Beijing

1.
College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing (100875), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析小学生日运动负荷特征以及“每日1 h中高强度身体活动(MVPA)”情况，为改善小学生校内身体活动质量提供参考。方法于2023年5—6月采用分层随机整群抽样方法选取北京市某小学223名学生为对象，采用Polar Verity Sense心率臂带按不同年级、性别、身体素质对学生日运动负荷心率进行监测评估与统计分析。结果小学生校内室外课、零点体育、大课间和室内课平均心率分别为(130.01±13.11，119.89±16.02，109.96±8.11，96.81±7.89)次/min，仅有4.04%的学生满足每日1 h MVPA标准；低年级学生在室外课、零点体育、大课间MVPA时间占比分别为28.41%，42.47%，8.24%，中年级为18.33%，6.41%，5.90%，高年级为45.91%，3.88%，11.43%，低、中、高年级校内达成每日1 h MVPA人数区间分布分别为5.41%，0，6.67%；男生在室外课、零点体育、大课间MVPA时间占比分别为30.09%，16.34%，9.23%，女生为31.70%，16.24%，6.13%，男生、女生校内达成每日1 h MVPA人数区间分布分别为5.88%，2.86%；身体素质优秀学生室外课、零点体育、大课间MVPA时间占比分别为33.19%，21.76%，8.25%，身体素质良好的学生为29.76%，12.93%，8.19%，身体素质及格的学生为21.78%，5.99%，4.80%，身体素质优秀、良好、及格学生校内达成每日1 h MVPA人数区间分布分别为5.88%，3.77%，0。结论该校中小学生校内身体活动时间充足，但存在负荷强度低、MVPA时间不足的问题。需针对不同年级、性别和身体素质学生安排针对性的体育活动计划，提高学生校内日运动负荷。
- 运动活动 /
- 全身负荷 /
- 心率 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the characteristics of the daily exercise load and the One Hour of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) per day among primary school students, so as to provide a reference for improving the quality of the physical activity of primary school students in school. Methods A total of 223 students from an elementary school in Beijing from May to June of 2023, were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method. The Polar Verity Sense heart rate arm band was used to monitor and evaluate the daily exercise load heart rate according to different grades, gender and physical quality. Results The average heart rate of primary school students in outdoor class, zero point sports, recess and indoor class was (130.01±13.11, 119.89±16.02, 109.96±8.11, 96.81±7.89) times/min, respectively, and only 4.04% students met the standard of 1-hour MVPA daily. From the perspective of different grades, the MVPA time ratio of lower grade students in outdoor class, zero point sports and big break was 28.41%, 42.47% and 8.24%, that of middle grade students was 18.33%, 6.41% and 5.90%, and that of senior students was 45.91%, 3.88% and 11.43%. The number of students who achieved 1-hour daily MVPA was 5.41%, 0 and 6.67%. Time ratio of MVPA in outdoor classes, zero hour sports and big breaks accounted for 30.09%, 16.34% and 9.23% for boys, 31.70%, 16.24% and 6.13% for girls, and the interval distribution of boys and girls who achieved MVPA for one hour per day was 5.88% and 2.86%.Time ratio of MVPA for students with excellent physical fitness were 33.19%, 21.76% and 8.25% in outdoor class, zero point sports and big break, while those with good physical fitness were 29.76%, 12.93% and 8.19%.A total of 21.78%, 5.99% and 4.80% of the students passed the physical fitness test, and the number of students with excellent, good and passed the physical fitness test who achieved the daily 1-hour MVPA was 5.88%, 3.77% and 0. Conclusion In the present study, elementary and middle school students' time for in-school physical activity was adequate, but there are problems of low loading intensity and insufficient time for MVPA. It is necessary to arrange targeted physical activity programs for students of different grades, genders and physical fitness levels to increase the daily exercise load of students in school.
- Motor activity /
- Body burden /
- Heart rate /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 小学生校内不同时段负荷心率(x±s, 次/min)

Table 1. Heart rate of primary school students at different time periods in campus(x±s, counts/min)

时段	平均心率	最大心率	最低心率
在校时间	104.78±7.65	174.70±13.52	65.22±9.20
室外课	130.01±13.11	170.19±15.62	93.74±13.25
零点体育	119.89±16.02	149.77±20.12	89.85±13.23
大课间	109.96±8.11	162.16±14.77	75.62±8.95
室内课	96.81±7.89	138.99±16.42	71.54±8.86

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表 2 不同组别小学生校内日运动强度时间频率分布/%

Table 2. Time-frequency distribution of daily exercise intensity in primary school students of different groups/%

组别	选项	室外课						零点体育						大课间
组别	选项	NA	VLPA	LPA	MPA	VPA	VVPA	NA	VLPA	LPA	MPA	VPA	VVPA	NA	VLPA	LPA	MPA	VPA	VVPA
年级	低	4.85	27.84	38.90	19.18	7.75	1.48	2.00	15.42	40.11	26.82	12.49	3.16	31.27	42.03	18.46	6.11	1.70	0.43
	中	4.78	31.55	45.34	11.90	5.42	1.01	21.19	50.37	22.03	5.41	1.00	0	31.57	40.41	22.12	4.56	1.26	0.08
	高	4.19	18.35	31.55	29.97	13.00	2.94	22.35	53.41	20.36	3.69	0.19	0	36.03	31.40	21.14	9.15	2.09	0.19
性别	男	6.09	26.87	36.95	20.30	8.10	1.69	15.23	40.57	27.86	11.41	4.03	0.90	32.62	37.02	21.13	7.08	1.84	0.31
	女	6.77	25.25	36.28	21.60	9.44	0.66	13.65	40.67	29.44	12.16	3.78	0.30	35.50	39.07	19.30	5.16	0.91	0.06
身体	优秀	5.37	25.37	36.07	21.87	9.76	1.56	11.71	38.66	27.87	14.06	6.25	1.45	33.43	38.55	19.77	6.23	1.78	0.24
素质	良好	6.89	26.44	36.91	19.98	8.61	1.17	14.27	41.30	31.50	10.72	2.18	0.03	29.64	38.71	23.46	6.67	1.31	0.21
	及格	8.32	31.25	38.65	17.36	4.19	0.23	22.16	48.41	23.44	5.55	0.42	0.02	49.52	29.94	15.74	4.26	0.54	0

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表 3 不同组别小学生校内MVPA时长(min/d)人数分布/%

Table 3. Number interval distribution of MVPA duration (min/d) in primary school students of different groups/%

组别	选项	0~<10	10~<20	20~<30	30~<40	40~<50	50~<60	≥60
年级	低	8.11	16.22	32.43	16.22	10.81	10.81	5.41
	中	33.78	37.84	16.22	5.41	4.05	2.70	0
	高	21.33	30.67	17.33	12.00	10.67	1.33	6.67
性别	男	33.61	22.69	15.13	10.08	8.40	4.20	5.88
	女	32.38	20.95	20.00	10.48	8.57	4.76	2.86
身体	优秀	30.88	13.24	19.12	14.71	10.29	5.88	5.88
素质	良好	32.08	30.19	15.09	7.55	7.55	3.77	3.77
	及格	50.00	35.71	14.29	0	0	0	0

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