学龄前儿童园外运动行为问卷全国城市常模研究

王晓娟; 张梦楠; 许梦雪; 何彦璐; 匡晓妮; 张雪娇; 王念蓉; 骆艳; 杨琳; 董文红; 吴建新; 张霆; 朱宗涵; 王健; 童梅玲; 关宏岩

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.09.011

文章导航 > 中国学校卫生 > 2023 > 44(9): 1328-1332

王晓娟, 张梦楠, 许梦雪, 何彦璐, 匡晓妮, 张雪娇, 王念蓉, 骆艳, 杨琳, 董文红, 吴建新, 张霆, 朱宗涵, 王健, 童梅玲, 关宏岩. 学龄前儿童园外运动行为问卷全国城市常模研究[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2023, 44(9): 1328-1332. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.09.011

引用本文:

WANG Xiaojuan, ZHANG Mengnan, XU Mengxue, HE Yanlu, KUANG Xiaoni, ZHANG Xuejiao, WANG Nianrong, LUO Yan, YANG Lin, DONG Wenhong, WU Jianxin, ZHANG Ting, ZHU Zonghan, WANG Jian, TONG Meiling, GUAN Hongyan. The norm of the Physical Activity afterschool Questionnaire for Preschooler (P-PAQ) in urban areas of China[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2023, 44(9): 1328-1332. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.09.011

Citation:

WANG Xiaojuan, ZHANG Mengnan, XU Mengxue, HE Yanlu, KUANG Xiaoni, ZHANG Xuejiao, WANG Nianrong, LUO Yan, YANG Lin, DONG Wenhong, WU Jianxin, ZHANG Ting, ZHU Zonghan, WANG Jian, TONG Meiling, GUAN Hongyan. The norm of the Physical Activity afterschool Questionnaire for Preschooler (P-PAQ) in urban areas of China[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2023, 44(9): 1328-1332. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.09.011

引用本文:

Citation:

WANG Xiaojuan, ZHANG Mengnan, XU Mengxue, HE Yanlu, KUANG Xiaoni, ZHANG Xuejiao, WANG Nianrong, LUO Yan, YANG Lin, DONG Wenhong, WU Jianxin, ZHANG Ting, ZHU Zonghan, WANG Jian, TONG Meiling, GUAN Hongyan. The norm of the Physical Activity afterschool Questionnaire for Preschooler (P-PAQ) in urban areas of China[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2023, 44(9): 1328-1332. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.09.011

学龄前儿童园外运动行为问卷全国城市常模研究

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.09.011

王晓娟^{1, 2},
张梦楠¹,
许梦雪¹,
何彦璐³,
匡晓妮⁴,
张雪娇⁵,
王念蓉⁶,
骆艳⁷,
杨琳⁸,
董文红⁹,
吴建新¹⁰,
张霆¹⁰,
朱宗涵¹¹,
王健¹²,
童梅玲^3, ,,
关宏岩^{1, 10, ,}

1.
首都儿科研究所婴幼儿照护服务研究指导中心/儿童保健中心，北京 100020
2.
北京市丰台区妇幼保健院儿童保健科
3.
南京医科大学附属妇产医院儿童保健科
4.
长沙市妇幼保健院
5.
沈阳市妇幼保健院
6.
重庆市妇幼保健院
7.
贵阳市妇幼保健院
8.
西安交通大学第二附属医院
9.
浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心
10.
首都儿科研究所儿童发育营养组学北京市重点实验室
11.
中国妇幼健康研究会儿童早期发展专委会
12.
浙江大学运动科学与健康工程研究所

基金项目:

北京市属医学科研院所公益发展改革试点项目京医研2021-3

详细信息

作者简介:
王晓娟(1994-)，女，山西省人，硕士，初级医师，主要研究方向为儿童早期身体活动

通讯作者:
童梅玲，E-mail：meilingtong111@126.com

关宏岩，E-mail：hongyanguan@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 R195
计量
- 文章访问数: 264
- HTML全文浏览量: 159
- PDF下载量: 29
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-10
- 修回日期: 2023-07-23
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-25

The norm of the Physical Activity afterschool Questionnaire for Preschooler (P-PAQ) in urban areas of China

1.
Nurturing Care Research and Guidance Center/Children's Health Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing(100020), China

摘要

摘要: 目的建立学龄前儿童园外运动行为问卷(P-PAQ)的中国城市常模，为从家庭方面进行分级指导、提高儿童身体活动水平提供依据。方法于2020年10月—2021年1月，采用分层整群抽样方法在全国六大行政区8个城市40所幼儿园调查6 267名3~6岁在园儿童，由儿童主要养育人填写本课题组前期研发的P-PAQ，获取园外期间的学龄前儿童身体活动量和家长运动观念与行为情况数据，前者使用百分位数法建立等级常模，后者使用均数法建立等级常模。结果学龄前儿童上学日园外和周末总活动时间、中高强度活动时间、户外活动时间及屏幕时间的M(P₂₅，P₇₅)分别为84(54，120)、22(8，40)、12(0，24)、18(6，30)min/d；170(115，240)、60(30，95)、90(35，120)和30(20，60)min/d。家长运动观念与行为(40分)总分为≥34，29~ < 34，24~ < 29， < 24分，分别判定为较好、中等、中等偏低与较差4个水平。两个分维度中，家长运动观念得分为≥19，17~ < 19，15~ < 17， < 15分；家长运动行为得分为≥16，12~ < 16，8~ < 12， < 8分时，分别判定为较好、中等、中等偏低及较差水平。结论中国城市学龄前儿童的园外运动常模代表性良好，界值适当，对早期评估并指导3~6岁儿童园外运动行为具有较好的参考价值。
- 运动活动 /
- 问卷调查 /
- 健康促进 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To establish the norm of the Physical Activity afterschool Questionnaire for Preschooler(P-PAQ) in urban areas of China, so as to provide a basis for graded guidance from the family perspective and to improve children's physical activity levels. Methods From October 2020 to January 2021, 6 267 children aged 3-6 years old were recruited from 40 kindergartens in eight cities across six major administrative regions by stratified cluster sampling, and the P-PAQ initially developed by the researchers of this study were completed by the primary caregivers. The questionnaire was administered to collect data relating to the amount of physical activity undertaken by the preschoolers, and the norm was determined by quartiles. Data relating to parental concepts of sports and parental behavior were assessed by calculating mean scores in order to establish the norm. Results Among preschoolers in urban areas, the M(P₂₅, P₇₅) of total physical activity time (min/day), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time (min/day), outdoor time (min/day) and screen time (min/day) on school days outside kindergarten and on weekends were 84 (54, 120), 22 (8, 40), 12 (0, 24) and 18 (6, 30), and 170 (115, 240), 60 (30, 95), 90 (35, 120) and 30 (20, 60), respectively. When the score of parents' sports concept and behavior (total score of 40) were≥34, 29- < 34, 24- < 29, < 24, it was defined as four levels about above medium, medium, lower medium and lower, respectively. And for two dimensions, when the score of parental sports concept were ≥19, 17- < 19, 15- < 17, < 15, and the score of parental behaviors were ≥16, 12- < 16, 8- < 12, < 8, it was defined as four levels about upper medium, medium, lower medium and lower, respectively. Conclusion The norm of extracurricular activities among preschool children in Chinese cities has good representativeness and appropriate threshold values, which could provide a valuable reference for early assessment, as well as guidance in relation to out-of-school physical activity behaviors among children aged 3-6 years old.
- Motor activity /
- Questionnaires /
- Health promotion /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 不同组别学龄前儿童园外身体活动时间比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), min/d]

Table 1. Comparison of physical activity time of preschooler after school in different groups[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), min/d]

组别	选项	人数	统计值	上学日园外				周末
组别	选项	人数	统计值	总活动时间	中高强度活动时间	户外活动时间	屏幕时间	总活动时间	中高强度活动时间	户外活动时间	屏幕时间
性别	男	3 209		86(54, 122)	20(8, 38)	12(0, 24)	18(6, 30)	175(120, 240)	60(30, 95)	90(36, 120)	30(20, 60)
	女	3 058		81(53, 120)	23(10, 40)	12(0, 24)	18(6, 30)	165(110, 233)	60(30, 95)	80(30, 120)	30(18, 60)
			Z值	-2.29	-2.99	-1.01	-1.41	-3.40	-1.41	-1.42	-2.28
			P值	0.02	< 0.01	0.31	0.16	< 0.01	0.16	0.16	0.02
班级	小班	2 030		82(52, 120)	18(6, 34)	12(4, 24)	16(4, 30)	165(110, 230)	50(28, 85)	90(60, 135)	30(15, 50)
	中班	2 161		86(54, 122)	23(9, 40)	12(3, 24)	18(6, 30)	172(117, 240)	60(30, 95)	90(45, 120)	30(30, 60)
	大班	2 076		84(54, 120)	26(12, 44)	12(0, 24)	18(6, 30)	170(118, 240)	65(35, 105)	60(30, 120)	35(20, 60)
			H值	3.04	109.76	7.02	12.02	6.24	78.27	39.35	37.18
			P值	0.22	< 0.01	0.03	< 0.01	0.04	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
城市	北京	702		80(53, 116)	18(6, 34)	12(0, 23)	20(9, 32)	180(130, 250)	63(35, 105)	90(45, 120)	30(20, 60)
	沈阳	760		84(53, 120)	18(5, 32)	12(0, 18)	16(4, 30)	170(120, 240)	58(30, 95)	60(30, 120)	30(15, 45)
	长沙	847		84(56, 119)	23(10, 42)	12(6, 24)	14(6, 26)	180(117, 243)	68(35, 103)	90(60, 135)	30(15, 45)
	南京	835		93(64, 130)	29(15, 44)	12(8, 24)	15(6, 28)	170(122, 230)	65(40, 100)	120(60, 150)	30(15, 50)
	杭州	928		68(42, 102)	16(6, 32)	12(0, 24)	24(12, 36)	135(85, 185)	42(20, 75)	60(30, 120)	33(20, 60)
	贵阳	990		88(57, 124)	24(10, 42)	12(6, 24)	20(6, 30)	180(120, 254)	68(35, 110)	90(45, 150)	35(20, 60)
	重庆	683		104(62, 140)	30(12, 50)	12(0, 24)	20(4, 30)	195(134, 275)	72(35, 110)	90(30, 133)	40(20, 60)
	西安	522		75(47, 108)	18(6, 38)	12(0, 24)	12(3, 24)	165(110, 225)	65(34, 111)	60(0, 120)	30(19, 60)
			H值	202.51	223.10	129.66	177.74	233.25	191.19	186.56	119.31
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
总计		6 267		84(54, 120)	22(8, 40)	12(0, 24)	18(6, 30)	170(115, 240)	60(30, 95)	90(35, 120)	30(20, 60)

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同组别儿童家长运动观念与运动行为得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of parents' concept and physical activity behavior scores in different groups(x±s)

组别	选项	人数	统计值	运动观念	运动行为	总分
性别	男	3 209		17.6±2.3	12.3±3.9	29.8±5.1
	女	3 058		17.3±2.4	12.1±3.8	29.4±5.2
			t值	4.37	1.97	3.45
			P值	< 0.01	0.04	< 0.01
班级	小班	2 030		17.5±2.4	12.4±3.8	29.8±5.1
	中班	2 161		17.5±2.3	12.1±3.8	29.6±5.1
	大班	2 076		17.3±2.4	12.0±3.9	29.4±5.3
			F值	3.43	4.57	4.44
			P值	0.03	0.01	0.01
城市	北京	702		17.8±2.1	11.9±4.1	29.6±5.3
	沈阳	760		17.4±2.4	11.7±3.9	29.1±5.2
	长沙	847		17.6±2.1	12.0±3.6	29.6±4.7
	南京	835		17.7±2.1	12.2±3.9	29.9±5.1
	杭州	928		17.0±2.7	11.6±4.0	28.6±5.8
	贵阳	990		17.8±2.2	12.8±3.7	30.6±5.0
	重庆	683		17.0±2.5	12.8±3.5	29.8±5.0
	西安	522		17.1±2.3	12.5±3.7	29.6±5.1
			F值	16.92	12.66	11.45
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(29)

[1]	World Health Organization. Global recommendations on physical activity for health[R]. Geneva: WHO, 2010.
[2]	World Health Organization. Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age[R]. Geneva: WHO, 2019.
[3]	朱宗涵, 曹彬, 关宏岩, 等. 儿童早期运动发展与促进[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2021. ZHU Z H, CAO B, GUAN H Y, et al. Physical activity in early years, development and promotion[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2021. (in Chinese)
[4]	KOEDIJK J B, RIJSWIJK J V, ORANJE W A, et al. Sedentary behaviour and bone health in children, adolescents and young adults: a systematic review[J]. Osteoporosis Int, 2017, 28(10): 2507-2519.
[5]	BEYER K, SZABO A, HOORMANN K, et al. Time spent outdoors, activity levels, and chronic disease among American adults[J]. J Behav Med, 2018, 41(4): 494-503. doi: 10.1007/s10865-018-9911-1
[6]	KUZIK N, POITRAS V, TREMBLAY M, et al. Systematic review of combinations of movement behaviours and health in the early years (aged 0-4 years)[J]. BMC Public Health, 2017, 17(5): 109-122.
[7]	CHAPUT J P, SAUNDERS T J, CARSON V. Interactions between sleep, movement and other non-movement behaviours in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity[J]. Obes Rev, 2017, 18(S1): 7-14. doi: 10.1111/obr.12508
[8]	YAO C A, RHODES R E. Parental correlates in child and adolescent physical activity: a Meta-analysis[J]. Int J Behav Nutr Phy, 2015, 12(1): 1-38. doi: 10.1186/s12966-014-0159-z
[9]	LOPRINZI P D, SCHARY D P, BEETS M W, et al. Association between hypothesized parental influences and preschool children's physical activity behavior[J]. Am J Health Educ, 2013, 44(1): 9-18. doi: 10.1080/19325037.2012.749685
[10]	张加林, 唐炎, 胡月英. 我国儿童青少年体育环境特征与存在问题研究[J]. 体育科学, 2017, 37(3): 21-34, 97. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7413.2017.03.005 ZHANG J L, TANG Y, HU Y Y. Analysis on characters of children and adolescents' sport environment as well as existing problems in China[J]. Chin Sport Sci, 2017, 37(3): 21-34, 97. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7413.2017.03.005
[11]	GUAN H, ZHANG Z, WANG B, et al. Proportion of kindergarten children meeting the WHO guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep and associations with adiposity in urban Beijing[J]. BMC Pediatr, 2020, 20(1): 1-9. doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1898-4
[12]	中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委关于印发健康儿童行动提升计划(2021—2025年)的通知[EB/OL]. (2021-10-29)[2023-05-01]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-11/05/content_5649196.htm. National Health Commission of the PRC on issuing the action improvement plan for healthy children (2021-2025)[EB/OL]. (2021-10-29)[2023-05-01]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-11/05/content_5649196.htm. (in Chinese)
[13]	王晓娟, 许梦雪, 张梦楠, 等. 学龄前儿童园外运动行为问卷的初步编制及信效度研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2022, 30(12): 1304-1308, 1314. doi: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0233 WANG X J, XU M X, ZHANG M N, et al. Preliminary development and reliability and validity test of Physical Activity Afterschool Questionnaire for preschooler[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2022, 30(12): 1304-1308, 1314. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0233
[14]	WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO child growth standards based on length/height, weight and age[J]. Acta Paediatr, 2006, 95(450): 76-85.
[15]	张厚粲. 心理测量与评估[M]. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社, 2015. ZHANG H C. Psychological testing and assessment[M]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Publishing House, 2015. (in Chinese)
[16]	中华人民共和国教育部. 幼儿园工作规程[EB/OL]. (2016-03-01)[2023-05-01]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A02/s5911/moe_621/201602/t20160229_231184.html. Ministry of Education of the PRC. Regulations on kindergarten work[EB/OL]. (2016-03-01)[2023-05-01]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A02/s5911/moe_621/201602/t20160229_231184.html. (in Chinese)
[17]	关宏岩, 赵星, 屈莎, 等. 学龄前儿童(3~6岁)运动指南[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2020, 28(6): 714-720. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202006031.htm GUAN H Y, ZHAO X, QU S, et al. Physical activity guideline for Chinese preschoolers aged 3-6 years[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2020, 28(6): 714-720. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202006031.htm
[18]	李敏谊, 崔雨芳, 王诗棋, 等. 屏幕时间, 户外活动时间与学龄前儿童身体健康的相关性研究[J]. 教育生物学杂志, 2021, 9(2): 96-101. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BIOM202102004.htm LI M Y, CUI Y F, WANG S Q, et al. Correlations among screen time, outdoor activity time, and physical health of preschoolers[J]. J Bio-Educ, 2021, 9(2): 96-101. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BIOM202102004.htm
[19]	汪静, 刘洋, 王联君, 等. 北京市东城区3~5岁学龄前儿童膳食, 身体活动和屏幕时间达到指南推荐要求情况及相关因素研究[J]. 中国健康教育, 2020, 36(3): 210-214. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK202003005.htm WANG J, LIU Y, WANG L J, et al. Status of dietary pattern, physical activity, and screen time and their influencing factors among preschool-aged children in Dongcheng District, Beijing[J]. Chin J Health Educ, 2020, 36(3): 210-214. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGJK202003005.htm
[20]	武华红, 宗心南, 张亚钦, 等. 九市学龄前儿童饮食运动睡眠状况调查及城郊差异比较[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2022, 37(1): 99-103. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB202201029.htm WU H H, ZONG X N, ZHANG Y Q, et al. Investigation on diet, exercise, and sleeping status of preschool children in nine cities and the difference of urban and suburban[J]. Matern Child Health Care Chin, 2022, 37(1): 99-103. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB202201029.htm
[21]	许梦雪, 王晓娟, 王博, 等. 北京市学龄前儿童园外身体活动及其社区家庭运动环境调查[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2022, 30(1): 30-33. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202201008.htm XU M X, WANG X J, WANG B, et al. Status of physical activity outside kindergarten among Beijing urban preschoolers as well as family and community environment[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2022, 30(1): 30-33. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202201008.htm
[22]	HUA J, DUAN T, GU G X, et al. Effects of home and education environments on children's motor performance in China[J]. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2016, 58(8): 868-876.
[23]	HUTCHENS A, LEE R E. Parenting practices and children's physical activity: an integrative review[J]. Sch Nurs, 2018, 34(1): 68-85.
[24]	Department of Health, Physical Activity, Health Improvedment and Protection. Start active, stay active: a report on physical activity for health from the four home countries' chief medical officers[R]. London: Department of Health, 2011.
[25]	Society of Health and Physical Educators. Active start: a statement of physical activity guidelines for children from birth to age 5[R]. America: SHAPE, 2020.
[26]	日本文部省. 幼儿期运动指南[R]. 日本: 日本文部省, 2012. Ministry of Culture and Education of Japan. Early childhood education and care[R]. Japan: Ministry of Culture and Education, 2012. (in Chinese)
[27]	Working Group on Recommendations for Physical Activity in Early Childhood. Joy, play and doing together: recommendations for physical activity in early childhood[R]. Finland: Publications of the Ministry of Education and Culture, 2016.
[28]	Australian Government Department of Health. Australian 24-hour movement guidelines for the early years (birth to 5 years): an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep[R]. Australian: Government Department of Health, 2017.
[29]	TREMBLAY M S, CHAPUT J P, ADAMO K B, et al. Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for the early years (0-4 years): an integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep[J]. BMC Public Health, 2017, 17(S5): 874.