中小学生近视矫正状况及对视力相关生存质量的影响

邹丛光; 魏科; 李厚源; 邓丽雅; 徐德伟; 王宏

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.030

中小学生近视矫正状况及对视力相关生存质量的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.030

1.
重庆医科大学公共卫生学院医学与社会发展研究中心，重庆 401331
2.
重庆市渝北区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科

基金项目:

重庆市卫生健康委科研项目 2022WSJK048

详细信息

作者简介:
邹丛光(1997-)，男，重庆云阳人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康与卫生

通讯作者:
王宏，E-mail：100113@cqmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R778.1⁺¹ R770.42⁺¹ R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-14
- 修回日期: 2023-06-13
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-25

Quality of vision-related survival among primary and secondary school students with different myopia correction status

1.
School of Public Health/Medical and Soical Development Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing(401331), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析近视中小学生近视矫正影响因素，对比不同矫正情况学生视力相关生存质量。方法于2022年5月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法在重庆市某区抽取8所中小学3 649名学生，进行近视筛查和视力相关生存质量问卷调查。结果单因素分析显示，不同性别、地区、学段、学习压力、教养方式的近视学生戴镜率差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为10.98，31.63，31.86，11.28，9.59，P值均 < 0.05)。不同学段、学习压力、教养方式的戴镜学生足矫率差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为11.77，9.92，8.69，P值均 < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，性别、地区和学段均是戴镜率的影响因素(P值均 < 0.01)。近视学生视力相关生存质量量表总分高于未近视学生(t=20.07，P < 0.01)。未戴镜、欠矫、足矫3组近视学生的生理功能、情感功能、视功能和身体功能3个维度得分和生存质量总分差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为49.93，49.38，28.14，67.31，P值均 < 0.01)。结论近视学生戴镜率和足矫率低，戴镜率因城乡、性别、学段存在差异，配戴矫正眼镜使近视学生生存质量降低，欠矫学生的生存质量相比足矫学生更低，应关注近视学生的近视矫正情况并改善生存质量。
- 近视 /
- 视力矫正 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyse the influencing factors of myopia correction among primary and secondary school students with myopia and to compare the quality of vision-related survival of students with different correction conditions. Methods A total of 3 649 students from eight primary and secondary schools in a district of Chongqing were selected for myopia screening and vision-related survival quality questionnaires using a stratified cluster random sampling method. Results Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the rate of wearing eyeglasses among myopic students with different gender, school, educational stage, academic stress, and parenting style (χ²=10.98, 31.63, 31.86, 11.28, 9.59, all P < 0.05). The fully vision correction rate among students wearing eyeglasses differed in educational stage, academic stress and parenting style (χ²=11.77, 9.92, 8.69, all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, school and educational stage were all influencing factors of the rate of wearing eyeglasses (all P < 0.01). Myopic students' total scores on the Quality of Survival Scale were significantly higher than those of non-myopic students (t=20.07, P < 0.01). There were significant differences in the scores of physical, emotional, visual and physical functioning and the total score of quality of survival scores among the three groups of myopic students without wearing eyeglasses, students with undercorrection and students with full vision correction (F=49.93, 49.38, 28.14, 67.31, P < 0.01). Conclusion Myopic students have low rates of wearing eyeglasses and fully vision correction. The rate of wearing glasses is different in urban and rural areas, gender and educational stage. The quality of life among myopic students is decreased by wearing eyeglasses, and the quality of life of undercorrected students is lower than that of fully corrected students. We should pay attention to the correction of myopia and improve the quality of life among myopic students.
- Myopia /
- Visual correction /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别近视中小学生戴镜和足矫情况比较

Table 1. Comparison of spectacle wear and full correction among primary and secondary school students with different characteristics of myopia

组别	近视人数	戴镜			足矫
组别	近视人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值	检出人数	χ²值	P值
性别
男	1 117	583(52.2)	10.98	< 0.01	230(39.5)	0.66	0.42
女	1 111	664(59.8)			277(41.7)
地区
城区	1 194	734(61.5)	31.63	< 0.01	306(41.7)	0.79	0.38
乡村	1 034	513(49.6)			201(39.2)
学段
小学	944	463(49.0)	31.86	< 0.01	217(46.9)	11.77	< 0.01
初中	1 284	784(61.1)			290(37.0)
学习成绩
较好	453	252(55.6)	1.34	0.51	101(40.1)	0.13	0.94
一般	1 341	762(56.8)			309(40.6)
较差	434	233(53.7)			97(41.6)
学习压力
较轻	398	209(52.5)	11.28	< 0.01	101(48.3)	9.92	0.01
一般	1 506	830(55.1)			337(40.6)
较重	324	208(64.2)			69(33.2)
教养方式
民主型	1 821	1 027(56.4)	9.59	0.02	437(42.6)	8.69	0.03
专制型	215	131(60.9)			41(31.3)
放纵型	121	55(45.5)			18(32.7)
忽视型	71	34(47.9)			11(32.4)
家庭经济
较差	1 807	1 014(56.1)	1.53	0.47	407(40.1)	0.77	0.68
中等	410	225(54.9)			96(42.7)
较好	11	8(72.7)			4(50.0)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同组别学生视力相关生存质量得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of vision-related quality of survival scores between myopic and non-myopic students(x±s)

组别	选项	人数	统计值	生理功能	情感功能	视功能和身体功能	社会活动能力	总分
视力	未近视	1 421		9.94±3.59	14.01±3.28	7.86±3.05	7.11±2.65	38.92±8.03
	近视	2 228		12.70±4.47	16.72±4.43	8.34±3.48	7.19±2.37	44.95±9.99
			t值	-20.53	-21.19	-4.37	-0.90	-20.07
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.37	< 0.01
矫正	足矫	507		12.80±4.41	17.15±4.21	8.67±3.65	7.37±2.26	46.00±9.69
	欠矫	740		13.88±4.42	17.74±4.53	8.92±3.71	7.13±2.21	47.68±10.19
	未戴镜	981		11.76±4.32	15.72±4.25	8.92±3.10	7.14±2.53	42.35±9.33
			F值	49.93	49.38	28.14	2.02	67.31
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.13	< 0.01

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