中国2010—2020年儿童青少年伤害死亡流行特征

骆小波; 张莉; 王文菊; 杨君利; 常悦

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.029

中国2010—2020年儿童青少年伤害死亡流行特征

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.029

1.
贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院，贵阳 550025
2.
贵州医科大学医药卫生管理学院

基金项目:

贵州省科技厅计划项目 -ZK[2021]一般499

详细信息

作者简介:
骆小波(1997-)，男，贵州省人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为卫生事业与健康管理

通讯作者:
常悦，E-mail: 4567401@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 B845.67 R821.3⁺⁶
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-18
- 修回日期: 2023-06-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-25

Epidemiological characteristics of injury deaths among children and adolescents in China, 2010-2020

1.
School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang(550025), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国2010—2020年1~24岁儿童青少年伤害死亡流行特征，为控制儿童青少年伤害死亡相关政策和措施的制定提供依据。方法数据资料来源于2010—2020年《中国死因监测数据集》，采用Joinpoint回归分析2010—2020年中国1~24岁儿童青少年伤害死亡的年度变化百分比(APC) 和平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)。结果 2010—2020年间伤害标化死亡率总体呈现下降趋势(AAPC=-6.90%, t=4.58，P < 0.01)。男生和农村伤害标化死亡率总体均呈现下降趋势(AAPC值分别为-8.37%，-7.79%，t值分别为11.87，10.34)；20~24岁在2010—2018年间呈现上升趋势(APC=18.11%，t=6.50)(P < 0.01)。总体标化伤害死亡率男生高于女生，农村高于城市(χ²值分别为16 483.64，3 268.65, P值均 < 0.01)。交通事故、意外中毒、火灾、溺水、其他和他杀及后遗症的伤害总体标化死亡率均呈现下降趋势(AAPC值分别为-10.22%，-6.21%，-7.50%，-7.94%，-9.01%，-10.97%，t值分别为16.23，7.29，2.53，9.32，7.88，4.58，P值均 < 0.05)。结论 2010—2020年间，中国1~24岁儿童青少年伤害总体标化死亡率呈现下降趋势，但仍处于较高水平。应持续加大预防力度，尤其是对城市地区、女性和20~24岁群体，以及意外跌落和自杀的预防控制。
- 创伤和损伤 /
- 死亡率 /
- 流行病学研究 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics of injury-related deaths in children and adolescents aged 1-24 years old in China from 2010 to 2020, so as to provide a basis for the formulation of policies and measures related to the control of injuries and deaths among children and adolescents. Methods The data were sourced from the China Death Cause Monitoring Dataset from 2010 to 2020. Annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) of injury deaths in China in this age group during the period 2010 to 2020 were analyzed by Join point regression. Results From 2010 to 2020, the standardized death rate of injury showed a decreasing trend (AAPC=-6.90%, t=4.58, P < 0.01). The standardized death rates of male and rural injuries showed an overall downward trend, with AAPC rates of -8.37% and -7.79%(t=11.87, 10.34, P < 0.01). An increasing trend was observed in the 20-24 year-old age group during 2010-2018 (APC=18.11%, t=6.50, P < 0.01). The death rate from injuries was higher in males than females, and higher in rural areas compared with urban areas (χ²=16 483.64, 3 268.65, P < 0.01). A downward trend was observed in accidental falls and suicide, the overall standardized mortality rate of traffic accidents, accidental poisoning, fire, drowning, homicide and other injuries (AAPC=-10.22%, -6.21%, -7.50%, -7.94%, -9.01%, -10.97%, t=16.23, 7.29, 2.53, 9.32, 7.88, 4.58, P < 0.05). Conclusion From 2010 to 2020, the overall injury standardized mortality rate in the 1-24 year-old age group shows a decreasing trend, but it remains at a relatively high level. Prevention efforts should be continuously strengthened, especially for urban areas, and should focus on women and those aged 20-24 years old, as well as accidental falls and suicide prevention.
- Wounds and injuries /
- Mortality /
- Epidemiologic studies /
- Child /
- Adolescent
注释:

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表 1 2010—2020年中国1~24岁儿童青少年伤害标化死亡率变化趋势/10^-5

Table 1. Trends of injury standardized mortality among children aged 1-24 years children and adolescents in China, 2010-2020/10^-5

年份	城乡		性别		合计
年份	城市	农村	男	女	合计
2010	19.00	26.42	33.90	13.03	23.92
2011	15.83	27.94	34.21	13.54	24.48
2012	11.65	24.17	31.03	12.39	22.16
2013	16.25	22.51	29.45	11.67	21.02
2014	13.78	18.36	26.51	10.42	18.92
2015	12.13	18.15	23.39	9.07	16.60
2016	10.69	17.05	21.34	8.57	15.31
2017	9.74	14.57	18.38	7.55	13.26
2018	8.80	12.80	15.81	7.23	11.76
2019	11.53	14.25	17.72	8.38	13.41
2020	11.40	13.42	16.61	8.19	12.79
AAPC/%	-4.37	-7.79	-8.37	-5.10	-6.90
P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 2 2010—2020年中国儿童青少年各年龄组不同性别伤害粗死亡率比较

Table 2. Comparison of injury crude mortality rate by gender in each age group of children and adolescents in China, 2010-2020

年龄/岁	性别	监测人数	死亡人数	χ²值	P值
1~4	女	49 434 346	7 479(15.13)	697.51	< 0.01
	男	58 059 415	12 866(22.16)
5~9	女	61 340 578	4 461(7.27)	970.82	< 0.01
	男	70 984 323	9 060(12.76)
10~14	女	52 589 695	4 305(8.19)	1 573.24	< 0.01
	男	61 905 331	10 261(16.58)
15~19	女	62 552 688	5 763(9.21)	4 957.44	< 0.01
	男	70 177 023	17 946(25.57)
20~24	女	92 618 832	7 726(8.34)	10 648.93	< 0.01
	男	96 083 023	27 833(28.97)
合计	女	318 536 139	29 734(9.33)	16 483.64	< 0.01
	男	357 209 115	77 966(21.83)
注： ()内数字为死亡率/10^-5。

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表 3 2010—2020年中国儿童青少年各年龄组不同地区粗伤害死亡率比较

Table 3. Comparison of injury crude mortality rate by region in each age group, 2010-2020 of children and adolescents in China

年龄/岁	地区	监测人数	死亡人数	χ²值	P值
1~4	农村	78 292 833	16 177(20.66)	470.64	< 0.01
	城市	29 200 928	4 168(14.27)
5~9	农村	95 958 366	10 649(11.10)	270.49	< 0.01
	城市	36 366 535	2 872(7.90)
10~14	农村	80 796 661	11 310(14.00)	270.53	< 0.01
	城市	33 698 365	3 256(9.66)
15~19	农村	88 565 287	18 135(20.48)	1 084.93	< 0.01
	城市	44 164 424	5 574(12.62)
20~24	农村	123 224 574	26 805(21.75)	1 709.34	< 0.01
	城市	65 477 281	8 754(13.37)
合计	农村	466 837 721	83 076(17.80)	3 268.65	< 0.01
	城市	208 907 533	24 624(11.79)
注： ()内数字为死亡率/10^-5。

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表 4 2010—2020年中国儿童青少年不同年龄段伤害标化死亡率变化趋势/10^-5

Table 4. Trends of injury standardized mortality rate in different age groups of children and adolescents in China, 2010-2020/10^-5

年份	1~4岁	5~9岁	10~14岁	15~19岁	20~24岁
2010	26.18	15.44	14.81	22.38	34.33
2011	30.78	16.87	15.99	22.05	32.25
2012	27.93	16.37	16.22	21.52	26.64
2013	24.50	13.10	15.68	23.28	25.04
2014	22.92	11.86	14.45	21.00	21.73
2015	20.25	11.10	13.58	18.72	17.96
2016	19.59	10.10	13.52	17.31	15.47
2017	16.96	8.20	11.89	15.37	13.35
2018	15.46	7.13	10.66	13.22	11.95
2019	13.52	8.17	9.83	14.51	17.08
2020	12.53	7.23	10.71	14.11	15.58
AAPC/%	-8.61	-8.88	-5.22	-6.18	-7.19
P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 5 2010—2020年中国儿童青少年各伤害死因标化死亡率变化趋势/10^-5

Table 5. Trends in injury standardized mortality rate from 2010 to 2020 among children and adolescents in China/10^-5

年份	意外伤害						故意伤害
年份	道路交通事故	意外中毒	意外跌落	火灾	溺水	其他	自杀及后遗症	他杀及后遗症
2010	9.90	1.17	1.22	0.21	5.74	2.51	0.54	0.23
2011	9.85	1.35	1.46	0.25	6.09	2.34	2.03	0.75
2012	8.59	0.94	1.50	0.25	5.89	2.31	1.82	0.57
2013	8.12	0.98	1.38	0.19	5.43	2.37	1.75	0.47
2014	7.50	0.91	1.46	0.16	4.74	2.09	1.45	0.37
2015	6.47	0.85	1.31	0.12	4.22	1.63	1.43	0.35
2016	5.65	0.80	1.20	0.12	4.22	1.56	1.29	0.28
2017	4.91	0.69	1.17	0.11	3.37	1.24	1.28	0.27
2018	4.06	0.70	1.11	0.13	2.90	1.14	1.32	0.20
2019	4.40	0.77	1.31	0.11	3.10	1.37	1.85	0.23
2020	3.78	0.62	1.44	0.12	3.17	1.14	2.07	0.23
AAPC/%	-10.22	-6.21	-0.48	-7.50	-7.94	-9.01	1.64	-10.97
P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.83	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.54	< 0.01

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