耐力跑对久坐大学生自我控制影响的时程效益

徐有粮; 张孜贤; 王相英; 陈玉军

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.009

耐力跑对久坐大学生自我控制影响的时程效益

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.009

山东师范大学体育学院, 济南 250358

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金项目 20BTY087

山东省社会科学基金项目 2021JT036

详细信息

作者简介:
徐有粮(1996-), 男, 山东烟台人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为体育心理、田径教学与训练

通讯作者:
王相英, E-mail: wang_xy@sdnu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G804.49 G808 G647.8
计量
- 文章访问数: 235
- HTML全文浏览量: 124
- PDF下载量: 18
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-15
- 修回日期: 2023-02-10
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-25

Temporal benefits of endurance running on self-control in sedentary university students

School of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan (250358), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究不同强度耐力跑运动对久坐大学生自我控制的影响, 为揭示运动改善认知控制水平的即刻和持续效应提供参考。方法采用整群分层随机抽样, 选择山东省某大学城7所本科高校存在久坐行为的90名在读学生为试验对象, 结合受试者意愿, 最终完成30 min耐力跑运动的高、中、低强度组和空白对照组分别有21, 23, 21和25名, 分别在运动后即刻、运动后5, 15和30 min进行色-词关联试验, 将色-词关联测验的正确率和反应时作为评价自我控制的两项指标。结果运动后即刻, 大学生色-词关联测验对照组、高强度组、中强度组和低强度组反应时差异有统计学意义(F=6.27, P < 0.05)。对照组、低强度组、高强度组和中强度组正确率差异有统计学意义(F=14.87, P < 0.05)。高强度耐力跑运动在30 min及以后色-词关联测验任务反应时和正确率均能够达到最佳水平(P值均 < 0.05), 而中等强度耐力跑在运动后30 min中较低强度耐力跑具有较好提升自我控制能力的效果。结论高、中强度耐力跑运动能够有效改善久坐大学生群体的自我控制能力。建议在身体能够承受的前提下进行中高强度耐力跑运动以提升自我控制和认知能力。
- 慢跑 /
- 自我 /
- 运动活动 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of endurance running at different intensities on self-control of sedentary university students, and to reveal the immediate and sustained effects of exercise on cognitive control. Methods Ninety students with sedentary behaviors from 7 universities in a university city in Shandong Province were selected by cluster stratified random sampling. 21, 23, 21 and 25 students in the high, medium and low intensity groups and the blank control group completed the 30min endurance running exercise, combined with the willingness of the subjects. The Stroop test was conducted immediately after exercise, 5, 15 and 30 min after exercise, and the correct rate and response time of the Stroop test were used as two indicators of self-control. Results In the immediate post-exercise period, the correct response time for the control group (774.03±127.85)ms], the high-intensity group, the moderate-intensity group and the low-intensity group were statistically significant (F=6.27, P < 0.05). The correct rate for the control group, the low-intensity group, the high-intensity group and the moderate-intensity group were statistically significant (F=14.87, P < 0.05). High-intensity endurance running exercise was able to achieve the best performance at 30 min and beyond on the Stroop test response and correctness (P < 0.05), while moderate-intensity endurance running had a better effect on improving self-control than low-intensity endurance running at 30 min post-exercise. Conclusion High and moderate-intensity endurance running exercises can effectively improve self-control in sedentary university students. It is recommended that moderate or high intensity endurance running be performed as the body can tolerate it to improve self-control and cognitive ability.
- Jogging /
- Ego /
- Motor activity /
- Intervention studies /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

图 1 不同强度耐力跑后各组色-词关联测验平均反应时变化

Figure 1. Change in mean reaction time for each group of the Stroop test after endurance running of different intensities

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 大学生不同强度耐力跑后各组色-词关联测验平均正确率变化曲线

Figure 2. Change in mean correctness for each group of college students of the Stroop test after endurance running of different intensities

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 大学生不同强度耐力跑后各组色-词关联测验反应时组间单因素方差分析

Table 1. One-way ANOVA between groups of college students at response time of the Stroop test after endurance running of different intensities

测试时间	平方和	df	均方	F值	P值
试验前	565.45	3	188.49	0.01	1.00
运动后即刻	292 262.66	3	97 420.89	6.27	＜0.01
运动后5 min	432 564.90	3	144 188.30	9.47	＜0.01
运动后15 min	721 941.55	3	240 647.18	19.82	＜0.01
运动后30 min	152 963.57	3	50 987.86	4.21	＜0.01

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 大学生不同强度耐力跑后各组色-词关联测验正确率组间单因素方差分析

Table 2. One-way ANOVA among groups of college students at correctness of the Stroop test after endurance running of different intensities

测试时间	平方和	df	均方	F值	P值
试验前	0.63	3	0.21	0.04	1.00
运动后即刻	187.31	3	62.44	14.87	＜0.01
运动后5 min	99.76	3	33.25	10.81	＜0.01
运动后15 min	99.76	3	33.25	10.81	＜0.01
运动后30 min	73.12	3	24.37	20.31	＜0.01

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(22)

[1]	马炯. 马克思社会进步理论辨正[D]. 湘潭: 湘潭大学, 2017. MA J. Correction of Marx's theory of social progress[D]. Xiangtan: Xiangtan University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[2]	管培琪, 李建设, 顾耀东. 久坐姿态对人体健康影响的研究进展[J]. 浙江体育科学, 2017, 39(5): 98-101. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZJTK201705017.htm GUAN P Q, LI J S, GU Y D. Research progress of sedentary behavior relate to human health[J]. Zhejiang Sport Sci, 2017, 39(5): 98-101. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZJTK201705017.htm
[3]	张磊. 青少年身体活动、久坐行为与体质健康关系的实证研究[J]. 广州体育学院学报, 2019, 39(3): 101-104. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GZTX201903025.htm ZHANG L. Empirical research on the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior and physical health of adolescents[J]. J Guangzhou Sport Univ, 2019, 39(3): 101-104. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GZTX201903025.htm
[4]	马生霞, 曹振波. 久坐行为间断干预对血糖、胰岛素和血脂影响的系统综述与Meta分析[J]. 中国体育科技, 2018, 54(4): 75-91. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTY201804010.htm MA S X, CAO Z B. Systematic review and Meta-analysis on effects of sedentary behavior with intermittent intervention on glycemia, insulin and lipidemia[J]. Chin Sport Sci Technol, 2018, 54(4): 75-91. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTY201804010.htm
[5]	牛严君, 乔玉成. 久坐行为对个体健康影响的研究综述[J]. 南京体育学院学报, 2018, 1(1): 45-49. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NTXZ201801008.htm NIU Y J, QIAO Y C. A review of studies on the influence of sedentary behavior on individual health[J]. J Nanjing Sport Inst, 2018, 1(1): 45-49. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NTXZ201801008.htm
[6]	项明强, 张力为. 急性有氧运动对自我控制影响的脑机制[C]//第二十一届全国心理学学术会议摘要集. 北京, 2018: 1057-1058. XIANG M Q, ZHANG L W. The effect of acute aerobic exercise on self-control and its brain mechanism[C]//ABS 22nd NACP. Beijing, 2018: 1057-1058. (in Chinese)
[7]	胡圣楠, 成志娟, 窦东徽, 等. 他人积极情绪对自我控制资源的替代恢复及机制[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(1): 45-50. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CLXW201801006.htm HU S N, CHENG Z J, DOU D H, et al. The influence of other's positive emotion on vicarious self-control restoration: the moderation effect of interpersonal sensitivity[J]. Stud Psychol Behav, 2018, 16(1): 45-50. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CLXW201801006.htm
[8]	BAUMEISTER R F, VOHS K D, TICE D M. The strength model of self-control[J]. Curr Dir Psychol Sci, 2007, 6(16): 351-355.
[9]	BAUMEISTER R F, BRATSLAVSKY E, MURAVEN M, et al. Ego depletion: is the active self a limited resource?[J]. J Pers Soc Psychol, 1998, 74(5): 1252-1265.
[10]	郭凯娇, 李晔, 曹文涛, 等. 自我控制对网络闲逛行为的预测作用: 基于双系统模型视角[C]//第二十一届全国心理学学术会议摘要集. 北京, 2018: 558-559. GUO K J, LI Y, CAO W T, et al. The predictive effect of self-control on cyberloafing behavior: based on the perspective of two-system model[C]//ABS 22nd NACP. Beijing, 2018: 558-559. (in Chinese)
[11]	项明强. 急性有氧运动对自我控制的影响及其脑机制[D]. 北京: 北京体育大学, 2018. XIANG M Q. The effect of acute aerobic exercise on self-control and its brain mechanism[D]. Beijing: Beijing Sport University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[12]	龚然, 陈听, 张力为. 观看自然环境图片对自我损耗条件下认知与运动自我控制的影响[J]. 心理科学, 2020, 43(4): 793-800. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLKX202004004.htm GONG R, CHEN T, ZHANG L W. The effects of watching natural environment pictures on cognitive and physical self-control under ego-depletion condition[J]. J Psychol Sci, 2020, 43(4): 793-800. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLKX202004004.htm
[13]	项明强, 张力为. 自我控制的力量模型: 竞技领域中的研究进展[J]. 体育科学, 2016, 36(8): 67-78. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201608007.htm XIANG M Q, ZHANG L W. The strength model of self-control: progress in the field of sport[J]. Chin Sport Sci, 2020, 43(4): 793-800. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201608007.htm
[14]	窦凯, 聂衍刚, 王玉洁, 等. 自我损耗促进冲动决策: 来自行为和ERPs的证据[J]. 心理学报, 2014, 46(10): 1564-1579. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXB201410013.htm DOU K, NIE Y G, WANG Y J, et al. Ego depletion promotes impulsive decision: evidences from behavioral and ERPs studies[J]. Acta Psychol Sinica, 2014, 46(10): 1564-1579. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXB201410013.htm
[15]	MCMORRIS T, GRAYDON J. The effect of incremental exercise on cognitive performance[J]. Int J Sport Psychol, 2000, 31(1): 66-81.
[16]	王莹莹, 周成林. 急性有氧运动的强度与抑制能力的剂量关系: 来自ERP的证据[J]. 体育科学, 2014, 34(11): 42-49. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201411005.htm WANG Y Y, ZHOU C L. The dose-response relationship between acute exercise intensity and inhibitory control: cases from ERP study[J]. Chin Sport Sci, 2014, 34(11): 42-49. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201411005.htm
[17]	王正珍, 罗曦娟, 王艳, 等. ACSM运动测试与运动处方指南[M]. 北京: 北京体育大学出版社, 2015: 62-94. WANG Z Z, LUO X J, WANG Y, et al. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (9th edition)[M]. Beijing: Beijing Sport University Press, 2015: 62-94. (in Chinese)
[18]	HERMAND E, CASSIRAME J, ENNEQUIN G, et al. Validation of a photoplethysmographic heart rate monitor: polar OH1[J]. Int J Sport Med, 2019, 40(7): 462-467.
[19]	HETTIARACHCHI I T, HANOUN S, NAHAVANDI D, et al. Validation of Polar OH1 optical heart rate sensor for moderate and high intensity physical activities[J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(5): e0217288.
[20]	孙拥军. 自我控制损耗对运动员操作表现的影响[D]. 北京: 北京体育大学, 2008. SUN Y J. The effect of ego depletion on the performance of athletes[D]. Beijing: Beijing Sport University, 2008. (in Chinese)
[21]	张斌, 刘莹. 急性有氧运动对认知表现的影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(6): 1058-1071. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD201906010.htm ZHANG B, LIU Y. The effect of acute aerobic exercise on cognitive performance[J]. Adv Psychol Sci, 2019, 27(6): 1058-1071. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD201906010.htm
[22]	刘海程, 翁旭初. 汉字、拼音、英文Stroop干扰效应的比较研究[J]. 心理科学, 2007(2): 365-368. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLKX200702028.htm LIU H C, WENG X C. Differences of stroop interference: characters, pinyin and English[J]. J Psychol Sci, 2007(2): 365-368. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLKX200702028.htm