日照市某小学一起百日咳暴发疫情流行病学调查

李国华; 卜洁琼

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.029

日照市某小学一起百日咳暴发疫情流行病学调查

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.029

山东省日照市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科, 276800

详细信息

作者简介:
李国华(1988-), 男, 山东莒县人, 大学本科, 主治医师, 主要从事免疫规划和传染病控制等工作

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R516.6 R181.3 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-27
- 修回日期: 2023-05-18
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-25

Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of pertussis in a primary school in Rizhao

Department of Immunization, Rizhao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Rizhao(276800), Shandong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解日照市某小学一起百日咳暴发疫情流行情况，为针对性地采取百日咳的防控策略提供参考。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法，开展病例搜索与个案调查，通过描述性流行病学方法综合分析暴发疫情的特征。结果疫情从2022年4月19日至5月17日，持续29 d，共发现病例14例。病例均为该小学一年级2班学生，年龄6~7岁，其中男生6名、女生8名，男生和女生罹患率分别为30.00%，34.78%。14例病例发病至诊断时间间隔为2~22 d，中位数为10 d。所有学生均已接种4剂次无细胞百白破联合疫苗，末次接种至发病时间间隔为5~6年。经隔离治疗后，14名患病学生均痊愈，无重症或死亡病例。结论该起百日咳暴发疫情的发生，可能与百日咳疫苗保护效果随时间推移而下降，学校因病缺勤登记报告制度落实不严格，以及现有百日咳监测系统灵敏性差有关。
- 百日咳 /
- 疾病暴发流行 /
- 流行病学研究 /
- 发病率 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of a pertussis outbreak in a primary school in Rizhao City, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control strategy of pertussis. Methods The method of field epidemiological investigation was used to determine case definition for case search and case investigation, and the characteristics of the outbreak were comprehensively analyzed through descriptive epidemiological method. Results The outbreak lasted for 29 days from April 19 to May 17, 2022, with a total of 14 cases detected. All the cases were students aged 6-7 years from Class 2, Grade 1 in this primary school, including 6 boys and 8 girls. The attack rates of boys and girls were 30.00% and 34.78%, respectively. The time interval from onset to diagnosis of 14 cases ranged from 2 to 22 days, with a median of 10 days. All of them had received 4 doses of Diphtheria and Tetanus and acellular Pertussis(DTaP) combined vaccine, and the interval between the last vaccination and the onset of disease was 5-6 years. After isolated treatment, all the 14 sick students recovered, without severe or death cases. Conclusion The outbreak of pertussis in a primary school may be related to the decline in the effectiveness of pertussis vaccine protection over time, the lax implementation of a school registration and reporting system for sick absenteeism, and the poor sensitivity of existing pertussis surveillance systems.
- Whooping cough /
- Disease outbreaks /
- Epidemiologic studies /
- Incidence /
- Students
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1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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