内蒙古自治区儿童青少年2019—2021年近视流行状况

李国峰; 张秀红; 魏娜娜; 杨田; 赵菊芳; 赵静; 于冬

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.026

内蒙古自治区儿童青少年2019—2021年近视流行状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.026

内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心, 呼和浩特 010030

基金项目:

内蒙古自治区科技计划项目 2020GG0022

详细信息

作者简介:
李国峰(1992-), 男, 内蒙古包头人, 硕士, 医师, 主要从事学校卫生工作

通讯作者:
张秀红, E-mail: 2314836445@qq.com

魏娜娜, E-mail: 1113422006@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R778.1⁺¹ R195 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-26
- 修回日期: 2023-04-26
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-25

Prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2021

Inner Mongolia Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot(010030), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析2019-2021年内蒙古儿童青少年近视患病情况及流行趋势, 为制定科学有效的近视防控措施和方案提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法, 于2019-2021年在全区12个盟市抽检儿童青少年555 093名进行远视力检查和屈光检测, 屈光检测使用台式自动电脑验光仪在非睫状肌麻痹条件下进行。采用χ²检验和多因素Logistic回归分析儿童青少年近视状况及影响因素。结果 2019-2021年, 内蒙古自治区儿童青少年各年份近视率分别为53.30%, 58.65%, 54.82%, 差异有统计学意义(χ²=991.70, P < 0.01)。女性总体近视率(58.82%)高于男性(51.52%), 差异有统计学意义(χ²=3 295.66, P < 0.05);各年份男、女儿童青少年近视率分别为49.44%和57.30%, 54.76%和62.60%, 51.23%和57.62%, 性别间差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为1 197.02, 922.31, 1 172.09, P值均 < 0.01)。城区儿童青少年总体近视率(59.42%)高于县区(53.61%), 差异有统计学意义(χ²=1 565.03, P < 0.05);各年份城区及县区近视率分别为59.20%, 50.79%;60.26%, 57.88%;58.95%, 53.36%, 差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为1 150.80, 74.10, 529.25, P值均 < 0.01)。总体上各学段儿童青少年近视率差异有统计学意义(χ²=92 402.39, P < 0.05);其中普通高中总体近视率最高, 为83.57%。不同年龄组儿童青少年的总体近视率差异有统计学意义(χ²=121 881.67, P < 0.05), 最高点是17岁组(83.32%), 最低点是5岁组(15.52%)。结论 2019-2021年内蒙古自治区儿童青少年近视率呈先上升后下降趋势, 但2020与2021年近视率均高于2019年, 近视的高发化、低龄化程度加剧。应加强儿童青少年近视防控, 减少近视的发生。
- 近视 /
- 流行病学研究 /
- 患病率 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年 /
- 少数民族
Abstract: Objective To analyze the prevalence and trend of myopia among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2021, so as to provide a reference for making scientific and effective prevention and controlling measures of myopia. Methods By using the stratified random cluster sampling method, 555 093 children and adolescents were selected from 12 professional institutions in league cities of the whole region for remote vision examination and refractive examination.The refraction test was carried out under the condition of non-Ciliary muscle paralysis using a desktop automatic computer optometer.Chi-squared test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the myopia status of children and adolescents and its influencing factors. Results From 2019 to 2021, the myopia rate of children and adolescents was 53.30%, 58.65% and 54.82%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=991.70, P < 0.01).The overall female myopia rate (58.82%) was higher than that of male (51.52%), and the differece was statistical significant (χ²=3 295.66, P < 0.05).The myopia rates of boys and girls by year were 49.44% and 57.30%, 54.76% and 62.60%, 51.23% and 57.62%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=1 197.02, 922.31, 1 172.09, P < 0.01).The overall myopia rate of urban students (59.42%) was higher than that of suburban counties (53.61%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=1 565.03, P < 0.05).The myopia rates of children and adolescentss in urban and suburban counties were 59.20% and 50.79%, 60.26% and 57.88%, 58.95% and 53.36%, and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=1 150.80, 74.10, 529.25, P < 0.01).The children and adolescents of learning stages were of statistical significance (χ²=92 402.39, P < 0.05), and the overall myopia rate of senior school students was the highest, accounting for 83.57%.The difference of overall myopia rates of different age groups was of statistical significance (χ²=121 881.67, P < 0.05), and the students in age group of 17 ranked the first (83.32%), those in age group of 5 ranked the last (15.52%). Conclusion From 2019 to 2021, the myopia rate of children and adolescents in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region increase first and then decrease, and the myopia rate in 2020 and 2021 is higher than that in 2019.The high incidence and low age of myopia are intensifying.The prevention and controlling of myopia among children and adolescents should be strengthened, so as to reduce the occurance of myopia.
- Myopia /
- Epiemiologic studies /
- Prevalence /
- Child /
- Adolescent /
- Minority groups
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表 1 不同学段儿童青少年近视率2019—2021年比较

Table 1. Comparison of myopia rate of children and adolescents from 2019 to 2021

学段	选项	2019年		2020年		2021年		χ²值	P值
学段	选项	调查人数	近视人数	调查人数	近视人数	调查人数	近视人数	χ²值	P值
幼儿园		11 368	1 565(13.77)	3 841	614(15.99)	15 976	2 599(16.27)	33.52	< 0.01
小学		100 198	39 087(39.01)	73 248	31 140(42.51)	113 001	47 770(42.27)	304.36	< 0.01
初中		49 270	35 890(72.84)	36 298	27 045(74.51)	55 096	41 423(75.18)	76.96	< 0.01
高中	普通高中	27 808	23 094(83.05)	28 912	24 169(83.60)	28 841	24 241(84.05)	10.38	< 0.01
	职业高中	4 505	3 315(73.58)	3 094	2 304(74.47)	3 637	2 691(73.99)	0.74	0.69
	小计	32 313	26 409(81.73)	32 006	26 473(82.71)	32 478	26 932(82.92)	18.19	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为近视率/%。

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表 2 不同年龄组儿童青少年近视率2019—2021年比较

Table 2. Comparison of myopia rate of children and adolescents of different age groups from 2019 to 2021

年龄/岁	2019年		2020年		2021年		χ²值	P值
年龄/岁	调查人数	近视人数	调查人数	近视人数	调查人数	近视人数	χ²值	P值
5	7 700	1 071(13.91)	2 407	374(15.54)	11 754	1 948(16.57)	25.18	< 0.01
6	13 229	1 990(15.04)	8 926	1 510(16.92)	15 022	2 362(15.72)	14.13	0.01
7	17 141	3 509(20.47)	11 685	2 794(23.91)	19 497	4 289(22.00)	48.15	< 0.01
8	16 237	4 965(30.58)	12 731	4 358(34.23)	18 074	6 111(33.81)	56.57	< 0.01
9	15 634	6 264(40.07)	11 722	5 307(45.27)	19 770	8 940(45.22)	113.77	< 0.01
10	17 405	8 715(50.07)	12 073	6 411(53.10)	18 591	10 267(55.23)	96.31	< 0.01
11	17 585	10 204(58.03)	12 489	7 728(61.88)	18 849	11 668(61.90)	70.46	< 0.01
12	16 726	10 847(64.85)	12 443	8 476(68.12)	18 650	12 717(68.19)	53.87	< 0.01
13	16 382	11 666(71.21)	12 484	9 225(73.89)	18 442	13 704(74.31)	47.41	< 0.01
14	15 820	12 093(76.44)	11 971	9 275(77.48)	19 192	14 982(78.06)	13.15	< 0.01
15	13 890	10 862(78.20)	11 135	8 882(79.77)	13 514	10 844(80.24)	18.96	< 0.01
16	9 845	7 950(80.75)	11 181	9 133(81.68)	10 723	8 853(82.56)	11.23	< 0.01
17	9 969	8 264(82.90)	8 786	7 309(83.19)	10 363	8 688(83.84)	3.38	0.18
18	4 855	3 981(82.00)	4 778	4 003(83.78)	3 524	2 904(82.41)	5.77	0.06
19	654	510(77.98)	515	431(83.69)	498	386(77.51)	7.70	0.02
≥20	77	60(77.92)	67	56(83.58)	88	61(69.32)	4.45	0.11
注： ()内数字为近视率/%。

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