海口市学龄前儿童湿疹与居室内环境的关系

王硕敏; 查易; 张静

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.025

海口市学龄前儿童湿疹与居室内环境的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.025

海南医学院公共卫生与全健康国际学院，海口 571199

基金项目:

2021年海南省自然科学基金项目 821RC564

2020年海南医学院研究生创新科研课题项目 HYYS2020-32

详细信息

作者简介:
王硕敏(1995-)，女，辽宁大连人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为学龄前儿童过敏性疾病的预防与控制

通讯作者:
张静，E-mail: zhangjing@hainmc.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R758.23 R179 B845.61
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-28
- 修回日期: 2023-06-04
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-25

Relationship between eczema and indoor environmental factors among preschool children in Haikou

International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou(571199)

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨海口市学龄前儿童湿疹患病的家居室内环境影响因素, 为采取有效防治措施提供理论依据。方法于2020年12月至2021年1月, 采用整群抽样的方法, 对海口市随机抽取的8所幼儿园3 049名学龄前儿童进行横断面调查, 分析家居室内环境因素对湿疹的影响。采用χ²检验和二分类Logistic回归进行相关因素分析。结果海口市学龄前儿童的湿疹检出率为13.6%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示, 母亲怀孕前1年住处新装修(OR=1.71, 95%CI=1.09~2.68)、儿童0~1岁时住处添置新家具(OR=1.53, 95%CI=1.03~2.27)、居室内出现蟑螂(OR=1.35, 95%CI=1.02~1.81)、每周清洁频率≤1次(OR=1.30, 95%CI=1.01~1.66)与湿疹发生呈正相关, 儿童集体生活起始年龄≥3岁(OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.60~0.96)与湿疹发生呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论海口市学龄前儿童湿疹患病与许多家居室内环境因素有关, 家长可通过改善家居环境和儿童集体生活起始年龄等措施对学龄前儿童湿疹进行预防。
- 湿疹 /
- 环境 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract: Objective To investigate the influencing factors of home environment on eczema in preschool children, so as to provide theoretical basis for taking effective regional prevention for preschool children. Methods From December 2020 to January 2021, a cross-sectional survey of 3 049 preschool children was randomly carried out by stratified cluster sampling in Haikou kindergartens, and the impact of indoor environmental factors on preschool children's eczema was analyzed.Chi-squared test and binary Logistic regressive were used to analyze the related factors. Results The prevalence of eczema in preschool children was 13.6%.Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the positive correlation factors of eczema included the new decoration in the mother's residence one year before pregnancy (OR=1.71, 95%CI=1.09-2.68), the addition of new furniture in the child's residence when the child was 0-1 years old (OR=1.53, 95%CI=1.03-2.27), cockroaches in the house (OR=1.35, 95%CI=1.02-1.81) and cleaning of less than once per week (OR=1.30, 95%CI=1.01-1.66).The starting age of children's collective life since 3 years old (OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.60-0.96) had a negative correlation with eczema (P < 0.05). Conclusion There are multiple indoor environmental factors related to eczema among preschool children in Haikou city.Parents should take measures to prevent eczema in preschool children by paying attention to home environment and the starting age of children's collective life.
- Eczema /
- Environment /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同特征学龄前儿童湿疹检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of eczema prevalence rates in preschool children with different characteristics

组别	选项	人数	湿疹病例数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 693	240(14.2)	1.03	0.31
	女	1 356	175(12.9)
民族	汉族	2 884	389(13.5)	0.68	0.41
	其他	165	26(15.8)
年龄/岁	3	695	84(12.1)	5.67	0.13
	4	1 145	154(13.4)
	5	793	106(13.4)
	6	416	71(17.1)
出生方式	顺产	1 970	248(12.6)	4.95	0.03
	剖宫产	1 079	167(15.5)
独生子女	是	864	158(18.3)	22.09	< 0.01
	否	2 185	257(11.8)
母乳喂养	是	2 739	363(13.3)	2.94	0.09
	否	310	52(16.8)
食物过敏	是	282	133(47.2)	297.50	< 0.01
	否	2 767	282(10.2)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 学龄前儿童湿疹与居室内环境因素相关性的单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of home environmental factors with eczema of preschool children

因素	选项	人数	湿疹病例数	χ²值	P值	因素	选项	人数	湿疹病例数	χ²值	P值
常住地	市区	2 102	312(14.8)	8.74	< 0.01	儿童被动吸烟	是	972	152(15.6)	4.99	0.03
	其他	947	103(10.9)				否	2 077	263(12.7)
母亲怀孕期间常住于目前居住地	是	2 252	280(12.4)	10.16	< 0.01	母亲怀孕前1年住处添置新家具	是	525	102(19.4)	18.25	< 0.01
	否	797	135(16.9)				否	2 524	313(12.4)
儿童0~1岁时常住于目前居住地	是	2 486	323(13.0)	4.38	0.04	母亲怀孕前1年住处新装修	是	248	60(24.2)	25.71	< 0.01
	否	563	92(16.3)				否	2 801	355(12.7)
曾经饲养带毛宠物	是	331	65(19.6)	11.47	< 0.01	母亲怀孕前1年住处房屋受潮	是	377	90(23.9)	38.53	< 0.01
	否	2 718	350(12.9)				否	2 672	325(12.2)
集体生活起始年龄/岁	< 3	882	147(16.7)	9.85	< 0.01	母亲怀孕前1年住处衣物受潮	是	355	85(23.9)	36.48	< 0.01
	≥3	2 167	268(12.4)				否	2 694	330(12.2)
食物过敏	是	282	133(47.2)	297.50	< 0.01	母亲怀孕期间住处添置新家具	是	298	55(18.5)	6.60	0.01
	否	2 767	282(10.2)				否	2 751	360(13.1)
常住房类型	多户	1 846	289(15.7)	16.63	< 0.01	母亲怀孕期间住处新装修	是	168	32(19.0)	4.47	0.04
	单户及其他	1 203	126(10.5)				否	2 881	383(13.3)
铺设地毯	是	261	25(9.6)	3.95	0.04	母亲怀孕期间住处房屋受潮	是	290	71(24.5)	32.22	< 0.01
	否	2 788	390(14.0)				否	2 759	344(12.5)
使用空调	是	2 755	390(14.2)	7.22	0.01	母亲怀孕期间住处衣物受潮	是	290	71(24.5)	32.22	< 0.01
	否	294	25(8.5)				否	2 759	344(12.5)
发霉的气味	是	181	36(19.9)	6.45	0.01	儿童0~1岁时住处添置新家具	是	342	76(22.2)	24.29	< 0.01
	否	2 868	379(13.2)				否	2 707	339(12.5)
令人不愉快的气味	是	142	30(21.1)	7.16	0.01	儿童0~1岁时住处新装修	是	175	39(22.3)	11.88	< 0.01
	否	2 907	385(13.2)				否	2 874	376(13.1)
感到空气干燥	是	858	149(17.4)	14.32	< 0.01	儿童0~1岁时住处房屋受潮	是	291	67(23.0)	24.24	< 0.01
	否	2 191	266(12.1)				否	2 758	348(12.6)
感到空气潮湿	是	1 150	197(17.1)	19.45	< 0.01	儿童0~1岁时住处衣物受潮	是	263	67(25.5)	34.46	< 0.01
	否	1 899	218(11.5)				否	2 786	348(12.5)
居室内出现蟑螂	是	2 220	330(14.9)	10.92	< 0.01	最近1年住处添置新家具	是	519	86(16.6)	4.66	0.03
	否	829	85(10.3)				否	2 530	329(13.0)
居室内出现蚊子苍蝇	是	2 687	379(14.1)	4.70	0.03	最近1年住处衣物受潮	是	239	52(21.8)	14.64	< 0.01
	否	362	36(9.9)				否	2 810	363(12.9)
每周清洁频率/次	≤1	746	132(17.7)	14.01	< 0.01
	>1	2 303	283(12.3)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 儿童湿疹与居室内环境因素的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=3 049)

Table 3. Multivariate analysis of eczema with home environment factors of preschool children(n=3 049)

自变量	参照组	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
母亲怀孕前1年住处新装修	否	0.54	0.23	5.48	0.02	1.71(1.09~2.68)
集体生活起始年龄/岁	< 3	-0.28	0.12	5.25	0.02	0.76(0.60~0.96)
儿童0~1岁时住处添置新家具	否	0.43	0.20	4.53	0.03	1.53(1.03~2.27)
居室内出现蟑螂	否	0.30	0.15	4.28	0.04	1.35(1.02~1.81)
每周清洁频率/次	>1	0.26	0.13	4.27	0.04	1.30(1.01~1.66)

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