衢州市4~8岁留守儿童水痘疫苗接种现状及影响因素

郑灿杰; 徐文杰; 龚晓英; 方泉均; 尹志英

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.024

衢州市4~8岁留守儿童水痘疫苗接种现状及影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.024

浙江省衢州市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科, 324000

基金项目:

长三角免疫规划领军人才研究项目 CSJP022

衢州市科技局指导性项目 2022068

详细信息

作者简介:
郑灿杰(1981-), 男, 浙江衢州人, 硕士, 副主任医师, 主要从事疫苗针对性疾病监测与处置方面工作

通讯作者:
尹志英, E-mail: 26284678@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R186 R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-08
- 修回日期: 2023-05-22
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-25

Current situation and influencing factors of varicella vaccination among left-behind children aged 4-8 years old in Quzhou

Immune Planning Department, Quzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Quzhou(324000), Zhejiang Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解衢州市留守儿童水痘疫苗(varicella zoster virus, VarV)接种现状并应用保护动机理论探索其影响因素, 为下一步巩固水痘疫苗接种提出参考。方法于2022年9-12月, 通过简单随机抽样方式选取衢州市下辖的6个县区共628名留守儿童, 对其看护人进行问卷调查, 收集社会学特征和保护动机理论因素, 采用Logistic回归分析衢州市留守儿童接种行为的影响因素。结果 628名留守儿童中已接种水痘疫苗的占69.59%, 其中已完成2剂次的占74.83%;尚未接种的占30.41%, 其中未来有接种意向的占10.99%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示, 亲属关系、家庭年收入、家庭孩子数、外部奖励和自我效能对留守儿童水痘接种率有影响(OR=0.43~3.40, P值均 < 0.05);其中外部奖励因子与接种概率呈正相关(OR=1.14);自我效能因子与接种概率呈负相关(OR=0.95)。结论在健康教育和学校宣传中, 通过提高留守儿童看护人的外部奖励和自我效能的保护动机因素水平, 能促进看护人产生保护动机, 提高水痘疫苗接种率。
- 水痘疫苗 /
- 接种 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To understand vaccination coverage and the influencing factors of varicella vaccine (VarV) among left-behind children in Quzhou, which based on protective motivation theory (PMT), so as to provide reference to consolidate VarV vaccination in the next step. Methods From September to December in 2022, simple random sampling was used to select 628 left-behind children in six counties of Quzhou City.A questionnaire survey on their caregivers was conducted to collect data relating to sociological characteristics and PMT factors, and the influencing factors of VarV were tested by Logistic regression. Results A total of 628 left-behind children participated in the study.The VarV rate was 69.59%, and 74.83% had received a second dose of VarV.The unvaccinated rate was 30.41%, and caregivers willingness to vaccinate children with VarV was only 10.99%.Logistic regression analysis showed that family relationships, annual household income, number of children in the family, extrinsic rewards and self-efficacy were the influencing factors of VarV among left-behind children (OR=0.43-3.40, P < 0.05).The external reward factor was positively correlated with the vaccination probability (OR=1.14), and the self-efficacy factor was negatively correlated with the vaccination probability (OR=0.95). Conclusion In the context of health education and school promotion, attention should be paid to factors relating to extrinsic rewards and self-efficacy as a means of increasing motivation to seek vaccine protection and improve the use of VarV.
- Chickenpox vaccine /
- Vaccination /
- Regression analysis /
- Child
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 有无接种行为留守儿童保护动机因素各维度得分比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of scores of various dimensions among left-behind children for PMT factors with or without vaccination behaviors(x±s)

接种行为	人数	感知严重性	感知易感性	内部奖励	外部奖励	反应效能	反应代价	自我效能
有	437	9.78±3.32	7.85±2.00	6.68±1.73	13.93±3.20	7.52±1.88	20.14±4.54	11.18±4.53
无	191	9.29±3.35	7.76±2.24	6.20±1.97	12.38±3.62	7.87±2.16	18.37±5.09	12.39±4.91
t值		1.66	0.52	3.05	5.36	-2.08	4.32	-3.00
P值		0.10	0.61	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.04	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 2 儿童水痘疫苗接种行为单因素分析

Table 2. Single factor analysis of VarV vaccination behaviors among children

因素	选项	人数	已接种人数	χ²值	P值	因素	选项	人数	已接种人数	χ²值	P值
亲属关系	父亲	118	92(77.97)	32.82	< 0.01	家庭年收入/万元^*	< 5	154	76(49.35)	40.73	< 0.01
	母亲	182	149(81.87)				5~10	256	200(78.13)
	祖父母	328	196(59.76)				11~20	202	150(74.26)
看护人年龄/岁	25~34	95	80(84.21)	31.49	< 0.01		>20	14	11(78.57)
	35~44	189	149(78.84)			看护人文化程度	初中及以下	485	316(65.15)	19.64	< 0.01
	≥45	344	208(60.47)				高中/中专	112	94(83.93)
看护人婚姻	已婚	578	405(70.07)	0.84	0.36		大专及以上	31	27(87.10)
状况	离异或丧偶、再婚	50	32(64.00)			水痘感染史	是	101	76(75.25)	1.76	0.19
看护人职业	公务员/企事业单位	19	16(84.21)	28.45	< 0.01		否	527	361(68.50)
	个体户/自由职业	124	106(85.48)			家庭孩子数	1	302	220(72.85)	5.15	0.08
	职员	31	25(80.65)				2	290	197(67.93)
	工人/农民	422	265(62.80)				≥3	36	20(55.56)
	其他	32	25(78.13)
注： ()内数字为接种率/%，*有缺失值。

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表 3 留守儿童接种行为影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=628)

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis on influential factors of VarV behavior among left-behind children(n=628)

自变量	模型1					模型2
自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
家庭年收入/万元
5~10	1.16	0.23	25.92	< 0.05	3.18(2.04~4.96)	1.22	0.24	26.55	< 0.05	3.40(2.13~5.41)
11~20	0.93	0.24	15.11	< 0.05	2.54(1.59~4.06)	0.92	0.25	13.82	< 0.05	2.52(1.55~4.10)
>20	1.05	0.69	2.35	>0.05	2.86(0.75~11.00)	1.13	0.71	2.56	>0.05	3.11(0.78~12.43)
亲属关系
父亲	0.60	0.26	5.28	< 0.05	1.82(1.09~3.04)	0.45	0.27	2.79	>0.05	1.57(0.93~2.66)
母亲	1.04	0.23	20.19	< 0.05	2.82(1.79~4.43)	0.86	0.24	12.52	< 0.05	2.36(1.47~3.81)
家庭孩子数
2	-0.35	0.19	3.33	>0.05	1.43(0.97~2.09)	-0.44	0.20	4.77	< 0.05	0.65(0.44~0.96)
3	-0.77	0.39	3.99	< 0.05	2.16(1.02~4.81)	-0.85	0.40	4.48	< 0.05	0.43(0.20~0.94)
PMT变量
外部奖励						0.13	0.03	19.14	< 0.05	1.14(1.07~1.20)
自我效能						-0.06	0.02	7.25	< 0.05	0.95(0.91~0.99)
注：家庭年收入以 < 5万元为参照，亲属关系以祖父母为参照，家庭孩子数以1个为参照，PMT变量为连续性变量。

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