农村大学生心理危机脆弱性及其相关因素分析

胡凡; 汤春苹; 张珂

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.014

农村大学生心理危机脆弱性及其相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.014

1.
南阳医学高等专科学校护理系，河南 473000
2.
南阳师范学院外国语学院
3.
南阳理工学院马克思主义学院思品教研室

详细信息

作者简介:
胡凡(1981-)，女，河南南阳人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为大学生思想政治教育、心理和就业

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: B844.2 R179 R193
计量
- 文章访问数: 370
- HTML全文浏览量: 151
- PDF下载量: 40
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-18
- 修回日期: 2023-03-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-25

Analysis of psychological crisis vulnerability among rural college students and its related factors

1.
Nursing Faculty, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang(473000), Henan Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解农村大学生心理危机脆弱性现状及其相关因素，为农村大学生心理危机预防或干预提供参考。方法采用方便整群抽样法，于2022年1—9月选取南阳市5所高校大一至大三共3 560名在校农村大学生为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、危机脆弱性测验问卷、父母教养方式量表、社会自我效能感量表进行调查和统计分析。结果农村大学生心理危机脆弱性得分(10.76±3.46)分、父母教养方式中溺爱维度得分(2.68±0.55)分、信任鼓励维度得分(2.52±0.62)分、PSSE得分(3.29±0.61)分。Pearson相关分析显示，农村大学生心理危机脆弱性与溺爱、忽视呈正相关(r值分别为0.32，0.49)，与信任鼓励、情感温暖、社会自我效能感(PSSE)之间呈负相关(r值分别为-0.38，-0.53，-0.51)(P值均 < 0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示，农村大学生单亲或其他家庭结构、贫困生、留守经历、溺爱得分高、忽视得分高，则心理危机脆弱性高；信任鼓励得分高、情感温暖得分高、PSSE得分高，则心理危机脆弱性低(P值均 < 0.05)。结论农村大学生心理危机脆弱性较高，且与其家庭结构、是否为贫困生、留守经历以及父母教养方式、PSSE有关。应积极关注农村大学生心理健康问题，从加强与学生父母沟通、培养学生社会自我效能感等方面促进心理素质提高。
- 精神卫生 /
- 法定监护人 /
- 教育 /
- 心理学，社会 /
- 学生 /
- 农村人口
Abstract: Objective To understand vulnerability to psychological crisis among rural college students and its related factors, so as to provide reference for the prevention or intervention of psychological crisis among rural college students. Methods A total of 3 560 rural college students from grade one to grade three from five universities were selected using convenient cluster sampling method from January to September 2022 in Nanyang City. General information, vulnerability to psychological crisis, parenting style and Scale of Perceived Social Self-efficacy (PSSE) were collected and analyzed through questionnaire. Results Among the investigated rule college students, the score of psychological crisis vulnerability and spoiling dimension of parenting style were (10.76±3.46) points and (2.68±0.55) points, while the score of trust encouragement dimension of parenting style and PSSE were (2.52±0.62) points and (3.29±0.61) points. Pearson correlation analysis showed that vulnerability to psychological crisis of rural students was positively correlated with spoiling and neglect (r=0.32, 0.49), and was negatively correlated with trust encouragement, emotional warmth and PSSE (r=-0.38, -0.53, -0.51)(P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that single-parent family or other families, poor students, left-behind experience, high score of spoiling and high score of neglect revealed high psychological crisis vulnerability (P < 0.05). High score of trust encouragement, high score of emotional warmth and PSSE were associated with low vulnerability to psychological crisis (P < 0.05). Conclusion Vulnerability to psychological crisis among rural college students is higher, which is related to the family structure, students whether they are poor, leftover experience, parenting style and PSSE. Mental health among rural college students should be promoted by strengthening communication with students' parents and cultivating students' social self-efficacy.
- Mental health /
- Legal guardians /
- Education /
- Psychology, social /
- Students /
- Rural population
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

表 1 不同人口学特征农村大学生心理危机脆弱性比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of psychological crisis vulnerability among rural college students with different demographic characteristics(x±s)

人口学指标	选项	人数	心理危机脆弱性	t/F值	P值
性别	男	1 849	10.78±3.04	0.40	0.69
	女	1 711	10.74±2.92
年级	一	1 260	10.79±3.17	0.17	0.85
	二	1 178	10.77±2.85
	三	1 122	10.72±3.02
学科类型	文科	1 978	10.81±3.27	1.02	0.31
	理科	1 582	10.70±3.14
家庭结构	双亲	2 967	10.68±3.32	3.24	< 0.01
	单亲或其他	593	11.15±2.68
独生子女	是	1 511	10.82±3.11	0.93	0.35
	否	2 049	10.72±3.23
贫困生	是	615	11.29±2.54	4.45	< 0.01
	否	2 945	10.65±3.37
父亲文化程度	初中及以下	1 689	10.83±3.14^*	3.91	0.02
	高中及中专	1 341	10.81±3.06^*
	大专及以上	530	10.42±2.74
母亲文化程度	初中及以下	2 012	10.79±3.38	0.50	0.61
	高中及中专	1 212	10.76±3.16
	大专及以上	336	10.60±2.57
留守经历	有	1 448	11.13±3.08	5.87	< 0.01
	无	2 112	10.51±3.11
注：与大专及以上父亲文化程度比较，*P < 0.05。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 农村大学生心理危机脆弱性与父母教养方式、社会自我效能感的相关系数(r值, n=3 560)

Table 2. Correlation between psychological crisis vulnerability, parenting style and social self-efficacy of rural college students(r, n=3 560)

变量	心理危机脆弱性	专制	信任鼓励	情感温暖	溺爱	忽视
专制	0.18
信任鼓励	-0.38^*	-0.48^**
情感温暖	-0.53^**	-0.22	0.69^**
溺爱	0.32^*	0.31^*	0.18	0.20
忽视	0.49^**	0.08	-0.29^*	-0.40^**	-0.20
PSSE	-0.51^**	-0.15	0.60^**	0.60^**	0.17	-0.13
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 农村大学生心理危机脆弱性的多重线性回归分析(n=3 560)

Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of psychological crisis vulnerability of rural college students(n=3 560)

自变量	选项	标准误	t值	P值	β值(95%CI)
家庭结构	单亲或其他	0.08	4.18	< 0.01	0.27(0.11~0.34)
贫困生	是	0.08	2.51	0.01	0.24(0.18~0.48)
父亲文化程度	初中及以下	0.59	1.81	0.07	0.92(-0.23~2.08)
	高中及中专	0.39	1.54	0.12	0.61(-0.16~1.37)
留守经历	有	0.07	7.49	< 0.01	0.39(0.11~0.69)
信任鼓励		0.02	-7.31	< 0.01	-0.13(-0.73~-0.08)
情感温暖		0.02	-8.49	< 0.01	-0.18(-0.51~-0.06)
溺爱		0.02	6.66	< 0.01	0.21(0.18~0.54)
忽视		0.03	5.77	< 0.01	0.20(0.09~0.82)
PSSE		0.03	-9.84	< 0.01	-0.30(-0.37~-0.24)
注：家庭结构以双亲为参照，是否为贫困生以非贫困生为参照，父亲文化程度以大专及以上为参照，留守经历以无留守经历为参照，信任鼓励、情感温暖、溺爱、忽视、PSSE为连续性变量。决定系数R²=0.65。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(21)

[1]	梁洁霜, 张珊珊, 吴真. 有留守经历农村大学生社交焦虑与情感虐待和心理韧性的关系[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2019, 33(1): 64-69. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2019.01.012 LIANG J S, ZHANG S S, WU Z. Relationship among social anxiety, emotional maltreatment and resilience in rural college students with left-behind experience[J]. Chin Ment Health J, 2019, 33(1): 64-69. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2019.01.012
[2]	赵晶, 李鑫岩. 自媒体背景下农村大学生心理健康建设研究[J]. 核农学报, 2021, 35(5): 1266. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNXB202105041.htm ZHAO J, LI X Y. Research on mental health construction of rural college students under we-media background[J]. J Nucl Agr Sci, 2021, 35(5): 1266. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNXB202105041.htm
[3]	栗文敏, 刘小英, 郝慧颖, 等. 大学生心理危机问卷编制及信效度检验[J]. 中国健康教育, 2021, 37(9): 847-849, 853. doi: 10.16168/j.cnki.issn.1002-9982.2021.09.017 LI W M, LIU X Y, HAO H Y, et al. Development and reliability and validity test of Psychological Crisis Questionnaire for College Students[J]. Chin J Health Educ, 2021, 37(9): 847-849, 853. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16168/j.cnki.issn.1002-9982.2021.09.017
[4]	惠玲, 卢国华, 郭静, 等. 生命意义感在医学生负性生活事件与心理危机脆弱性间的作用[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2020, 28(1): 107-110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL202001026.htm HUI L, LU G H, GUO J, et al. Role of meaning in life in the relationship between negative life events and vulnerability of psychological crisis in medical students[J]. Chin J Health Psychol, 2020, 28(1): 107-110. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL202001026.htm
[5]	惠玲, 郭静, 田娜, 等. 大学生负性生活事件与消极情绪: 心理危机脆弱性的中介作用[J]. 心理学进展, 2019, 9(1): 113-117. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXSH202007025.htm HUI L, GUO J, TIAN N, et al. Negative life events and negative emotions in college students: mediating role of psychological crisis vulnerability[J]. Adv Psychol, 2019, 9(1): 113-117. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXSH202007025.htm
[6]	李素萍, 李琳波, 常晓未. 青少年抑郁情绪、自杀意向与父母教养方式的相关性分析[J]. 中华现代护理杂志, 2021, 27(20): 2753-2757. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115682-20201210-06639 LI S P, LI L B, CHANG X W. Correlation analysis of adolescent depression, suicidal intention and parental rearing style[J]. Chin J Mod Nurs, 2021, 27(20): 2753-2757. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115682-20201210-06639
[7]	许磊, 张晴晴, 牛更枫, 等. 社会排斥对手机依赖的影响: 社会自我效能感和社交焦虑的中介作用[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2021, 29(2): 323-327. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZLCY202102021.htm XU L, ZHANG Q Q, NIU G F, et al. Social exclusion and mobile phone dependence: the mediating effect of social self-efficacy and social anxiety[J]. Chin J Clin Psychol, 2021, 29(2): 323-327. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZLCY202102021.htm
[8]	GLENYS P. 战胜危机[M]. 梁庆峰, 孙红, 译. 上海: 生活·读书·新知三联出版社, 1996: 81-82. GLENYS P. Coping with crisis[M]. LIANG Q F, SUN H, translated. Shanghai: Life·Reading·Xinzhi Sanlian Publishing House, 1996: 81-82. (in Chinese)
[9]	罗增让, 刘洋. 陕西省硕士研究生心理韧性和危机脆弱性与应对方式之间的关系[J]. 职业与健康, 2018, 34(11): 1539-1543. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYJK201811026.htm LUO Z R, LIU Y. Relationship between psychological toughness, crisis vulnerability and coping style of master postgraduate students in Shaanxi Province[J]. Occup Health, 2018, 34(11): 1539-1543. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYJK201811026.htm
[10]	龚艺华. 父母教养方式问卷的初步编制[D]. 重庆: 西南师范大学, 2005. GONG Y H. An exploratory design of the Questionnaire of Parenting Style[D]. Chongqing: Southwest Normal University, 2005. (in Chinese)
[11]	孟慧, 范津砚, 柳菁. 目标定向与适应: 社会自我效能感的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2007, 23(1): 54-58. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLFZ200701009.htm MENG H, FAN J Y, LIU J. Goal orientation and adjustment: the mediating role of social self-efficacy[J]. Psychol Dev Educ, 2007, 23(1): 54-58. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLFZ200701009.htm
[12]	郑亚楠, 胡雯, 龚茜, 等. 在校大学生精神信仰与危机脆弱性现况及相互关系调查分析[J]. 国际精神病学杂志, 2019, 46(2): 231-234, 238. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWYJ201902011.htm ZHENG Y N, HU W, GONG Q, et al. Current situation and relationships between spiritual belief and crisis frangibility of college students[J]. J Int Psychiatry, 2019, 46(2): 231-234, 238. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWYJ201902011.htm
[13]	唐礼庆, 韩琪, 陈燕, 等. 大学生危机脆弱性现状及与特质应对方式、领悟社会支持的相关性研究[J]. 赣南医学院学报, 2020, 40(6): 583-587. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GNYX202006012.htm TANG L Q, HAN Q, CHEN Y, et al. Research on the current situation of college students' crisis vulnerability and its correlation with trait coping style and comprehension of social support[J]. J Gannan Med Univ, 2020, 40(6): 583-587. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GNYX202006012.htm
[14]	宋淑娟, 许秀萍, 尤金凤. 农村大学生的留守经历与心理韧性及逆境认知的关系[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2020, 34(4): 373-378. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZXWS202004015.htm SONG S J, XU X P, YOU J F. Relation of left-behind experience to resilience and adversity appraisal in rural college students[J]. Chin Ment Health J, 2020, 34(4): 373-378. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZXWS202004015.htm
[15]	黄桂玲, 颜剑雄, 林佳丽, 等. 大数据背景下农村大学生心理危机问题及其干预路径研究[J]. 农业经济, 2021, (4): 131-133. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYJJ202104048.htm HUANG G L, YAN J X, LIN J L, et al. Research on the psychological crisis of rural college students and its intervention path under the background of big data[J]. Agr Econ, 2021, (4): 131-133. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYJJ202104048.htm
[16]	翟文海, 张琼, 闫俊. 新冠肺炎疫情前后中国大学生抑郁症状检出率及相关因素的Meta分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2022, 43(7): 1055-1060. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.023 ZHAI W H, ZHANG Q, YAN J. Meta-analysis of prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese college students before and after the COVID-19 epidemic[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2022, 43(7): 1055-1060. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.07.023
[17]	刘成荫, 哈战荣. 家庭经济困难学生心理健康问题分析及对策研究[J]. 思想教育研究, 2018(11): 111-114. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SIXI201811021.htm LIU C Y, HA Z R. Analysis and countermeasures of mental health problems in students from poor families[J]. Stud Ideol Educ, 2018(11): 111-114. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SIXI201811021.htm
[18]	温慧, 马慧. 有留守经历大学生人格特质与心理健康状况的典型相关分析[J]. 中国卫生统计, 2021, 38(3): 419-421. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGWT202103026.htm WEN H, MA H. Canonical correlation analysis of personality traits and mental health status of college students with left-behind experience[J]. Chin J Health Stat, 2021, 38(3): 419-421. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGWT202103026.htm
[19]	刘拓, 陈雪明, 芦旭蓉, 等. 父母积极教养方式对中学生应对方式的影响: 社会支持、自我效能感的中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2021, 19(4): 507-514. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CLXW202104012.htm LIU T, CHEN X M, LU X R, et al. The influence of positive parenting style on coping style of middle school students: the mediating role of social support and self-efficacy[J]. Stud Psychol Behav, 2021, 19(4): 507-514. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CLXW202104012.htm
[20]	张严文, 刘拓. 父母消极教养方式对中国性少数心理健康的影响: 基于Bifactor模型[J]. 心理科学, 2020, 43(5): 1103-1110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLKX202005011.htm ZHANG Y W, LIU T. The influence of negative parenting style on mental health among Chinese LGB: based on Bifactor model[J]. J Psychol Sci, 2020, 43(5): 1103-1110. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLKX202005011.htm
[21]	曹呈旭, 七十三, 金童林. 社会自我效能感与大学生社交焦虑的关系: 负面评价恐惧的中介作用[J]. 内江师范学院学报, 2021, 36(12): 21-24. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJSG202112004.htm CAO C X, QI S S, JIN T L. Social self-efficacy and social anxiety: the mediating effect of negative evaluation fear in undergraduates[J]. J Neijiang Norm Univ, 2021, 36(12): 21-24. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJSG202112004.htm