农村大学生心理危机脆弱性及其相关因素分析

胡凡; 汤春苹; 张珂

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.014

农村大学生心理危机脆弱性及其相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.014

1.
南阳医学高等专科学校护理系，河南 473000
2.
南阳师范学院外国语学院
3.
南阳理工学院马克思主义学院思品教研室

详细信息

作者简介:
胡凡(1981-)，女，河南南阳人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为大学生思想政治教育、心理和就业

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中图分类号: B844.2 R179 R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-18
- 修回日期: 2023-03-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-25

Analysis of psychological crisis vulnerability among rural college students and its related factors

1.
Nursing Faculty, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang(473000), Henan Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解农村大学生心理危机脆弱性现状及其相关因素，为农村大学生心理危机预防或干预提供参考。方法采用方便整群抽样法，于2022年1—9月选取南阳市5所高校大一至大三共3 560名在校农村大学生为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、危机脆弱性测验问卷、父母教养方式量表、社会自我效能感量表进行调查和统计分析。结果农村大学生心理危机脆弱性得分(10.76±3.46)分、父母教养方式中溺爱维度得分(2.68±0.55)分、信任鼓励维度得分(2.52±0.62)分、PSSE得分(3.29±0.61)分。Pearson相关分析显示，农村大学生心理危机脆弱性与溺爱、忽视呈正相关(r值分别为0.32，0.49)，与信任鼓励、情感温暖、社会自我效能感(PSSE)之间呈负相关(r值分别为-0.38，-0.53，-0.51)(P值均 < 0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示，农村大学生单亲或其他家庭结构、贫困生、留守经历、溺爱得分高、忽视得分高，则心理危机脆弱性高；信任鼓励得分高、情感温暖得分高、PSSE得分高，则心理危机脆弱性低(P值均 < 0.05)。结论农村大学生心理危机脆弱性较高，且与其家庭结构、是否为贫困生、留守经历以及父母教养方式、PSSE有关。应积极关注农村大学生心理健康问题，从加强与学生父母沟通、培养学生社会自我效能感等方面促进心理素质提高。
- 精神卫生 /
- 法定监护人 /
- 教育 /
- 心理学，社会 /
- 学生 /
- 农村人口
Abstract: Objective To understand vulnerability to psychological crisis among rural college students and its related factors, so as to provide reference for the prevention or intervention of psychological crisis among rural college students. Methods A total of 3 560 rural college students from grade one to grade three from five universities were selected using convenient cluster sampling method from January to September 2022 in Nanyang City. General information, vulnerability to psychological crisis, parenting style and Scale of Perceived Social Self-efficacy (PSSE) were collected and analyzed through questionnaire. Results Among the investigated rule college students, the score of psychological crisis vulnerability and spoiling dimension of parenting style were (10.76±3.46) points and (2.68±0.55) points, while the score of trust encouragement dimension of parenting style and PSSE were (2.52±0.62) points and (3.29±0.61) points. Pearson correlation analysis showed that vulnerability to psychological crisis of rural students was positively correlated with spoiling and neglect (r=0.32, 0.49), and was negatively correlated with trust encouragement, emotional warmth and PSSE (r=-0.38, -0.53, -0.51)(P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that single-parent family or other families, poor students, left-behind experience, high score of spoiling and high score of neglect revealed high psychological crisis vulnerability (P < 0.05). High score of trust encouragement, high score of emotional warmth and PSSE were associated with low vulnerability to psychological crisis (P < 0.05). Conclusion Vulnerability to psychological crisis among rural college students is higher, which is related to the family structure, students whether they are poor, leftover experience, parenting style and PSSE. Mental health among rural college students should be promoted by strengthening communication with students' parents and cultivating students' social self-efficacy.
- Mental health /
- Legal guardians /
- Education /
- Psychology, social /
- Students /
- Rural population
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表 1 不同人口学特征农村大学生心理危机脆弱性比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of psychological crisis vulnerability among rural college students with different demographic characteristics(x±s)

人口学指标	选项	人数	心理危机脆弱性	t/F值	P值
性别	男	1 849	10.78±3.04	0.40	0.69
	女	1 711	10.74±2.92
年级	一	1 260	10.79±3.17	0.17	0.85
	二	1 178	10.77±2.85
	三	1 122	10.72±3.02
学科类型	文科	1 978	10.81±3.27	1.02	0.31
	理科	1 582	10.70±3.14
家庭结构	双亲	2 967	10.68±3.32	3.24	< 0.01
	单亲或其他	593	11.15±2.68
独生子女	是	1 511	10.82±3.11	0.93	0.35
	否	2 049	10.72±3.23
贫困生	是	615	11.29±2.54	4.45	< 0.01
	否	2 945	10.65±3.37
父亲文化程度	初中及以下	1 689	10.83±3.14^*	3.91	0.02
	高中及中专	1 341	10.81±3.06^*
	大专及以上	530	10.42±2.74
母亲文化程度	初中及以下	2 012	10.79±3.38	0.50	0.61
	高中及中专	1 212	10.76±3.16
	大专及以上	336	10.60±2.57
留守经历	有	1 448	11.13±3.08	5.87	< 0.01
	无	2 112	10.51±3.11
注：与大专及以上父亲文化程度比较，*P < 0.05。

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表 2 农村大学生心理危机脆弱性与父母教养方式、社会自我效能感的相关系数(r值, n=3 560)

Table 2. Correlation between psychological crisis vulnerability, parenting style and social self-efficacy of rural college students(r, n=3 560)

变量	心理危机脆弱性	专制	信任鼓励	情感温暖	溺爱	忽视
专制	0.18
信任鼓励	-0.38^*	-0.48^**
情感温暖	-0.53^**	-0.22	0.69^**
溺爱	0.32^*	0.31^*	0.18	0.20
忽视	0.49^**	0.08	-0.29^*	-0.40^**	-0.20
PSSE	-0.51^**	-0.15	0.60^**	0.60^**	0.17	-0.13
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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表 3 农村大学生心理危机脆弱性的多重线性回归分析(n=3 560)

Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of psychological crisis vulnerability of rural college students(n=3 560)

自变量	选项	标准误	t值	P值	β值(95%CI)
家庭结构	单亲或其他	0.08	4.18	< 0.01	0.27(0.11~0.34)
贫困生	是	0.08	2.51	0.01	0.24(0.18~0.48)
父亲文化程度	初中及以下	0.59	1.81	0.07	0.92(-0.23~2.08)
	高中及中专	0.39	1.54	0.12	0.61(-0.16~1.37)
留守经历	有	0.07	7.49	< 0.01	0.39(0.11~0.69)
信任鼓励		0.02	-7.31	< 0.01	-0.13(-0.73~-0.08)
情感温暖		0.02	-8.49	< 0.01	-0.18(-0.51~-0.06)
溺爱		0.02	6.66	< 0.01	0.21(0.18~0.54)
忽视		0.03	5.77	< 0.01	0.20(0.09~0.82)
PSSE		0.03	-9.84	< 0.01	-0.30(-0.37~-0.24)
注：家庭结构以双亲为参照，是否为贫困生以非贫困生为参照，父亲文化程度以大专及以上为参照，留守经历以无留守经历为参照，信任鼓励、情感温暖、溺爱、忽视、PSSE为连续性变量。决定系数R²=0.65。

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