大学生学业压力与课外体育锻炼的关联

朱冠仁; 曹文文; 毛圣力; 白胜超

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.007

大学生学业压力与课外体育锻炼的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.07.007

1.
淮阴师范学院体育学院，江苏淮安 223300
2.
衢州学院体育部
3.
南京理工大学体育部

基金项目:

江苏省教育科学“十四五”规划体卫艺专项课题项目 T-c/2021/48

江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目 2021SJA0007

详细信息

作者简介:
朱冠仁(1991-)，男，山东枣庄人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为体育与健康

通讯作者:
白胜超，E-mail：baishengchao@njust.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G633.96 G444 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-01
- 修回日期: 2023-05-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-25

Correlation between academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise among college students

1.
School of Physical Education, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian(223300), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解大学生学业压力与课外体育锻炼的关联，为有效缓解大学生学业压力提供依据和参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法，使用中国大学生心理健康筛查量表和自编问卷，在2023年1月面向江苏省8所本专科院校1 108名大学生进行线上调查，采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、最优尺度回归模型进行统计分析。结果 50.8%的学生担心在学习上落后于其他同学，51.7%的学生担心考试，21.7%的学生付出很大努力却仍跟不上学习进度，24.9%的学生感觉学习有困难。学业压力总指标在本科院校、大一年级、女生、城市户口方面高于组内其他类别学生(t/F值分别为3.66，10.96，-5.46，3.52，P值均 < 0.01)。学生每周课外体育锻炼时间平均为(2.35±2.18)h，且在性别、独生子女、年级的分组比较中差异均有统计学意义(t/F值分别为2.35，4.66，7.09，P值均 < 0.05)。最优尺度回归模型(R²=0.17，F=32.03，P < 0.01)分析显示，学业压力与课外体育锻炼时间之间的回归系数与偏相关系数分别为-0.33，-0.33(P < 0.01)，模型中课外体育锻炼时间的重要性为0.66，容差值为0.97。分组模型中，学业压力与课外体育锻炼时间的回归系数、偏相关系数本科分别为-0.35，-0.35，专科分别为-0.31，-0.32(P值均 < 0.01)。结论大学生存在学业压力和课外运动锻炼时间不足的现象普遍。大学生学业压力与课外体育锻炼时间存在负向关联，学校应鼓励学生增加课外体育运动时间降低学业压力，促进大学生的心理健康。
- 学习 /
- 压力 /
- 身体锻炼 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective The study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise among college students, with the goal of providing evidence and reference for effectively alleviating academic stress. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed, along with the Chinese College Student Psychological Health Screening Scale and a self-designed questionnaire. In January 2023, an online survey was conducted among 1 108 college students from eight colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province. Statistical analyses included independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the optimal scale regression model. Results It revealed that 50.8% of students worried about falling behind their peers in their studies, 51.7% expressed concerns about exams, 21.7% exerted significant effort but still struggled to keep up with the pace of learning, and 24.9% felt difficulties in their studies. The overall index of academic stress was higher among undergraduate institutions, first-year students, female students, and urban residents (t/F=3.66, 10.96, -5.46, 3.52, P < 0.01). The average time of weekly extracurricular physical exercise for students was (2.35±2.18)h, and there were significant differences by gender, only-child status, and grade groups(t/F=2.35, 4.66, 7.09, P < 0.05). The optimal scale regression model analysis (R²=0.17, F=32.03, P < 0.01) revealed that the regression coefficient and partial correlation coefficient between academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise time were both -0.33(P < 0.01). The importance of extracurricular physical exercise in the model was 0.66, with a tolerance value of 0.97. The regression coefficients and partial correlation coefficients for academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise time were -0.35, -0.35 for undergraduate students, and -0.31, -0.32 for junior college students (P < 0.01). Conclusion A significant number of college students experience varying degrees of academic stress, and their engagement in extracurricular physical exercise is insufficient. There is a negative association between academic stress and extracurricular physical activity time among college students. Universities should encourage students to increase extracurricular physical activity time to reduce academic stress and promote college students' mental health.
- Learning /
- Pressure /
- Exercise movement techniques /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 不同组别大学生学业压力得分和课外体育锻炼时间比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise time among different groups of college students(x±s)

组别	选项	人数	统计值	每周课外体育锻炼时间/h	学业压力总指标	感觉学习有困难	担心在学习上落后于其他同学	付出很大努力却仍跟不上学习进度	担心考试
性别	男	572		2.50±2.21	8.98±2.53	2.02±0.70	2.39±0.88	2.13±0.74	2.44±0.92
	女	536		2.19±2.13	9.79±2.42	2.16±0.69	2.61±0.88	2.26±0.75	2.77±0.93
			t值	2.35	-5.46	-3.37	-4.22	-2.73	-5.85
			P值	0.02	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
独生子女	是	615		2.61±2.50	9.22±2.40	2.06±0.68	2.57±0.82	2.13±0.75	2.46±0.88
	否	493		2.03±1.64	9.50±2.58	2.10±0.72	2.44±0.94	2.24±0.75	2.72±0.97
			t值	4.66	-1.88	-0.90	2.50	-2.57	-4.70
			P值	< 0.01	0.06	0.37	0.01	0.01	< 0.01
户口类型	城市	621		2.29±2.31	9.61±2.44	2.12±0.69	2.56±0.90	2.24±0.75	2.70±0.92
	农村	487		2.42±2.00	9.07±2.56	2.04±0.71	2.42±0.87	2.14±0.75	2.48±0.94
			t值	-0.98	3.52	1.81	2.58	2.15	3.88
			P值	0.33	< 0.01	0.07	0.01	0.03	< 0.01
学校性质	本科	646		2.31±2.11	9.60±2.48	2.12±0.69	2.55±0.87	2.22±0.76	2.70±0.97
	专科	462		2.41±2.27	9.05±2.51	2.03±0.72	2.41±0.91	2.15±0.73	2.46±0.88
			t值	-0.72	3.66	2.25	2.65	1.53	4.44
			P值	0.47	< 0.01	0.03	< 0.01	0.13	< 0.01
年级	大一	309		2.11±2.18	10.00±2.55	2.22±0.73	2.68±0.94	2.25±0.74	2.85±0.94
	大二	325		2.33±2.31	9.38±2.41	2.06±0.66	2.51±0.90	2.17±0.75	2.64±0.95
	大三	337		2.28±1.93	8.99±2.54	2.01±0.73	2.35±0.83	2.21±0.77	2.42±0.86
	大四	137		3.12±2.27	8.89±2.30	2.03±0.61	2.39±0.81	2.09±0.70	2.38±0.92
			F值	7.09	10.96	5.42	8.20	1.57	14.95
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.20	< 0.01

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表 2 大学生学业压力与课外体育锻炼时间的关系(n=1 108)

Table 2. Relationship between academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise time among college students(n=1 108)

自变量	β值	F值	P值	偏相关系数	重要性	容差
课外体育锻炼时间	-0.33	133.54	< 0.01	-0.33	0.66	0.97
性别	0.11	13.20	< 0.01	0.11	0.10	0.92
独生子女	0.09	11.21	< 0.01	0.10	0.03	0.98
户口类型	0.04	1.99	0.16	0.04	0.02	0.93
学校性质	0.10	13.09	< 0.01	0.11	0.07	0.98
年级	-0.13	20.19	< 0.01	-0.13	0.12	0.96

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表 3 本科和专科大学生学业压力与课外体育锻炼时间的关系

Table 3. Relationship between academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise time among undergraduate and junior college students

自变量	本科(n=646)				专科(n=462)
自变量	β值	偏相关系数	P值	重要性	β值	偏相关系数	P值	重要性
课外体育锻炼时间	-0.35	-0.35	< 0.01	0.75	-0.31	-0.32	< 0.01	0.64
性别	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.16	0.18	< 0.01	0.18
独生子女	0.11	0.12	< 0.01	0.04	0.07	0.05	0.08	0.02
户口类型	0.03	0.03	0.26	0.02	0.05	0.12	0.21	0.04
年级	-0.12	-0.13	< 0.01	0.14	-0.13	-0.16	< 0.01	0.13

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