成都市学校诺如病毒感染疫情与厕所设计及卫生的关联

戴映雪; 徐凯; 冯松颀; 速丽媛; 王瑶; 王亮

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.06.032

成都市学校诺如病毒感染疫情与厕所设计及卫生的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.06.032

戴映雪^{1, 2},
徐凯¹,
冯松颀¹,
速丽媛¹,
王瑶¹,
王亮^1, ,

1.
四川省成都市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科，610041
2.
四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院

基金项目:

成都市科技重点研发支持计划重大及应用示范项目 2021-YF09-00061-SN

详细信息

作者简介:
戴映雪(1989-)，女，重庆市人，硕士，副主任医师，主要从事传染病预防控制工作

通讯作者:
王亮，E-mail：363686849@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R183 R725.1
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- 文章访问数: 327
- HTML全文浏览量: 132
- PDF下载量: 27
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-02
- 修回日期: 2023-03-15
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-25

Association between Norovirus epidemics and school toilets design and management in Chengdu City

DAI Yingxue^{1, 2},
XU Kai¹,
FENG Songqi¹,
SU Liyuan¹,
WANG Yao¹,
WANG Liang^{1
, ,}

1.
Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu(610041), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析成都市中小学校厕所设计及其卫生情况与诺如病毒感染疫情规模的关系，为学校厕所设计和诺如病毒感染防控提供科学参考。方法共纳入2019—2020年成都市78起诺如病毒感染疫情，分别发生在78所中小学校，发生原因为人传人，采用χ²检验和Mann-Whitney U检验分析各变量与疫情规模的关系，采用二元非条件Logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果 78起疫情主要发生在2019年10—2020年3月(79.49%，62起)、小学(71.79%，56起)和主城区(52.56%，41起)。单起疫情涉及病例中位数为10例。在厕所冲水设计上，56所(71.79%)学校的厕所为独立冲水型，22所(28.21%)为统一冲水型。27所(34.62%)学校厕所水龙头数量设置不达标。多因素Logistic回归分析发现，相较于独立冲水的学校厕所，统一冲水的学校厕所其疫情规模更大(OR=5.53，95%CI=1.63~18.76，P < 0.05)。结论为更好地防控肠道传染病疫情，学校在改造或设计厕所时应尽量选择独立冲水式厕所，并配置充足的水龙头。
- 肠道病毒感染 /
- 卫生用具和设备 /
- 疾病暴发流行 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生保健服务
Abstract: Objective To analyze the relationship between the toilet design and sanitary condition of primary and secondary schools in Chengdu and the epidemic situation of Norovirus infection, so as to provide scientific references for school toilet design and Norovirus prevention and control. Methods A total of 78 cases of norovirus epidemics from 2019 to 2020 were included in this study. These epidemics happened in 78 schools and the causes were indicated as human-to-human transmission. The Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare categorical and continuous data respectively. Unconditional binary Logistic regression was used to examine the multivariate associations. Results Most epidemics happened from October in 2019 to March in 2020(79.49%, 62 cases), in primary schools (71.79%, 56 cases) and in the center area (52.56%, 41 cases). The median of the case number in each epidemic was 10. Overall, 56 schools (71.79%) were equipped with toilets which were flushed independently, and 22 schools (28.21%) were equipped with toilets which were flushed uniformly. There were 27 schools (34.62%) that did not have enough water taps. Logistic regression analysis found that those with toilets flushed uniformly had a stronger epidemic, compared to the schools with toilets flushed independently(OR=5.53, 95%CI=1.63-18.76, P < 0.05). Conclusion In order to prevent intestinal infectious diseases, it is suggested that schools should design or reconstruct independent flushing toilets with adequate faucets.
- Enterovirus infections /
- Toilet facilities /
- Disease outbreaks /
- Regression analysis /
- Student health services
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 学校诺如病毒疫情规模分布的单因素分析

Table 1. Single factor analysis of Norovirus epidemics size distribution in schools

分类	疫情数	小规模	大规模	χ²值	P值
年份
2019	23	10(43.48)	13(56.52)	1.79	0.22
2020	55	33(60.00)	22(40.00)
月份
10—次年3月	62	33(53.23)	29(46.77)	0.44	0.58
4—9月	16	10(62.50)	6(37.50)
学段
小学	56	32(57.14)	24(42.86)	0.33	0.62
中学	22	11(50.00)	11(50.00)
地区
主城区	41	28(68.29)	13(31.71)	6.06	0.02
郊区	37	15(40.54)	22(59.46)
接报情况
主动报告	74	42(56.76)	32(43.24)		0.32^*
其他	4	1(25.00)	3(75.00)
首发病例呕吐地点
家	28	17(60.71)	11(39.29)	0.55	0.49
学校	50	26(52.00)	24(48.00)
病毒类型
GⅡ	58	34(58.62)	24(41.38)	1.12	0.31
GⅠ或混合	20	9(45.00)	11(55.00)
厕所类型
独立冲水型	56	36(64.29)	20(35.71)	6.73	0.01
统一冲水型	22	7(31.82)	15(68.18)
厕所窗户
有	77	43(55.84)	34(44.16)		0.45^*
无	1	0	1(100.00)
厕所排气扇
有	54	33(61.11)	21(38.89)	2.54	0.14
无	24	10(41.67)	14(58.33)
厕所门帘
有	49	27(55.10)	22(44.90)	< 0.01	1.00
无	29	16(55.17)	13(44.83)
坑位间隔
有	19	12(63.16)	7(36.84)	0.65	0.44
无	59	31(52.54)	28(47.46)
每天消毒至少1次
是	72	42(58.33)	30(41.67)		0.08^*
否	6	1(16.67)	5(83.33)
水龙头达标
是	51	32(62.75)	19(37.25)	3.46	0.09
否	27	11(40.74)	16(59.26)
厕所保洁人员
学生或学校聘用人员	48	23(47.92)	25(52.08)	2.62	0.16
物业公司	30	20(66.67)	10(33.33)
注：()内数字为构成比/%；*使用Fisher确切概率法。

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