学龄前儿童近视临床前期相关因素分析

邓益斌; 王晓银; 王惠敏; 门大伟; 王丁; 叶炼

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.06.022

学龄前儿童近视临床前期相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.06.022

1.
四川省科学城医院儿科，绵阳 621900
2.
成都中医药大学附属医院妇产科
3.
四川省科学城医院眼科
4.
四川省科学城医院医保科

基金项目:

绵阳市卫生健康委员会科研立项 202031

详细信息

作者简介:
邓益斌(1973-)，男，四川遂宁人，大学本科，主任医师，主要从事儿童保健工作

通讯作者:
王晓银，E-mail：1303@cdutcm.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R778.1⁺¹ R179 R193
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- PDF下载量: 50
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-31
- 修回日期: 2023-03-03
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-25

Risk factors associated with pre-myopia among preschool children

1.
Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang(621900), Sichuan Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解学龄前儿童近视临床前期现患率，分析其相关因素，为针对学龄前儿童近视防控政策的制定提供客观依据。方法于2022年5月采取整群抽样方法，选取绵阳市科学城地区1 070名幼儿园学龄前儿童。通过屈光度检测获取儿童的视力水平，同时发放调查问卷，采用χ²检验和多因素Logistic回归分析近视临床前期的主要相关因素。结果学龄前儿童近视临床前期现患率为67.01%，其中男童为66.30%，女童为67.76%，差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.26，P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，父母至少一方近视、近距离用眼习惯、每天户外活动时间 < 2 h、睡眠不足、每天看电子屏幕时间≥1 h均与近视临床前期的发生正性相关(OR值分别为1.62，1.46，1.46，1.38，1.53，P值均 < 0.01)。结论科学城地区学龄前儿童近视临床前期现患率较高。家长、幼儿园和相关部门应重视学龄前儿童视力情况，增加户外活动时间、保证充足的睡眠，培养学龄前儿童科学的用眼卫生习惯。
- 近视 /
- 患病率 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence rate of pre-myopia among preschoolers and its associated factors, so as to provide a basis for the formulation of myopia prevention and control policies. Methods In May 2022, a tatol of 1 070 preschoolers in the Science City Area of Mianyang City were selected by using a cluster sampling method. The visual acuity of preschool children was obtained through refractive examination, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate associated factors of myopia in the preclinical stage by Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence rate of pre-myopia in preschoolers was 67.01%, including 66.30% for boys and 67.76% for girls. There was no significant difference by sex(χ²=0.26, P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that at least one parent with myopia, too much near work activities, time spent on outdoor activity < 2 h per day, lack of sleep, and screen time ≥1 h per day were positively correlated with the occurrence of pre-myopia(OR=1.62, 1.46, 1.46, 1.38, 1.53, P < 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of pre-myopia among preschool children in Science City Area is high. It is suggested that parents, kindergartens and relevant departments should pay attention to the visual status of preschoolers, increase outdoor activities, ensure adequate sleep and train preschoolers to develop scientific eye hygiene habits.
- Myopia /
- Prevalence /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 学龄前儿童近视临床前期单因素分析

Table 1. Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with pro-myopia among preschoolers

变量	分组	人数	近视临床前期	χ²值	P值
父亲文化程度本科及以上	是	973	653(67.11)	0.05	0.82
	否	97	64(65.98)
母亲文化程度本科及以上	否	576	348(60.42)	24.53	< 0.01
	是	494	369(74.70)
父母至少一方近视	否	57	26(45.61)	12.47	< 0.01
	是	1 013	691(68.21)
近距离用眼习惯	是	223	182(81.61)	27.18	< 0.01
	否	847	535(63.16)
每天户外活动时间 < 2 h	是	295	241(81.69)	39.73	< 0.01
	否	775	476(61.42)
睡眠不足	是	465	369(79.35)	56.70	< 0.01
	否	605	348(57.52)
每天看电子屏幕时间≥1 h	否	523	299(57.17)	44.80	< .01
	是	547	418(76.42)
每晚上床关灯时间早于22：00	是	736	487(66.17)	0.75	0.39
	否	334	230(68.86)
看视频/看书姿势良好	是	803	482(60.02)	71.01	< 0.01
	否	267	235(88.02)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 学龄前儿童近视临床前期相关因素的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=1 070)

Table 2. Multiple Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with pre-myopia among preschoolers(n=1 070)

自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
父母至少一方近视	0.71	0.05	41.22	< 0.01	1.62(1.95~1.87)
近距离用眼习惯	0.67	0.04	27.43	< 0.01	1.46(1.36~1.78)
每天户外活动时间 < h	0.45	0.06	33.31	< 0.01	1.46(1.35~1.74)
睡眠不足	0.24	0.03	18.35	< 0.01	1.38(1.25~1.61)
每天看电子屏幕时间≥1 h	0.44	0.04	22.41	< 0.01	1.53(1.43~1.74)

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