Associations between physical activity intensity and body compositions in adolescents
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摘要:
目的 研究青少年不同强度身体活动水平和身体成分指标之间的相关性，为中国青少年身体成分的改善提供指导。 方法 采用随机数编码抽样法，于2019年9—12月在北京市清华附中等8所中学抽取971名初、高中学生进行基于生物电阻抗的身体成分测量和基于加速度计的身体活动水平测量。采用独立样本t检验、Pearson相关系数法和多元线性回归法进行统计学分析。 结果 初、高中阶段男生静坐行为(SB)均低于女生，高强度身体活动(VPA)和中高强度身体活动(MVPA)均高于女生(t值分别为-1.98，-8.09；5.20，4.52；3.53，4.03，P值均 < 0.05)；男生低强度身体活动(LPA)、中等强度身体活动(MPA)仅高中阶段高于女生(t值分别为3.67，5.63，P值均 < 0.01)。初中男生全身LM与MVPA(β=0.302)，全身骨矿物质含量(BMC)与SB(β=-0.001)、MVPA(β=0.002)，全身脂肪含量(FM)与SB(β=0.050)、MVPA(β=-0.323)之间存在相关关系；初中女生全身LM与LPA(β=0.080)、MVPA(β=0.613)，全身BMC与SB(β=-0.004)、MVPA(β=0.008)，全身FM与MVPA(β=-0.237)之间存在相关关系；高中男生全身LM与MVPA(β=0.393)，全身BMC与SB(β=-0.001)、MVPA(β=0.002)，全身FM与MVPA(β=-0.393)之间存在相关关系；高中女生全身LM与LPA(β=0.063)、MVPA(β=0.601)，全身FM与SB(β=0.029)、MVPA(β=-0.529)之间存在相关关系(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 青少年身体活动水平和身体成分特征存在性别差异和定量化的相关关系。相关部门应为青少年提供个性化的身体活动剂量指导，改善青少年的身体素质。 Abstract:Objective To study the specific correlation between physical activity intensities and body compositions of adolescents and to provide guidance for the improvement of various body compositions of Chinese adolescents. Methods From September to December 2019, body composition measurement based on bioelectrical impedance analyzer and the physical activity measurement based on accelerometers were performed among 971 adolescents from 8 high schools, such as Tsinghua Middle School in Beijing, by random number coding sampling. Statistical analysis was conducted by using independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient method and multiple linear regression method. Results Sedentary behavior(SB) of the junior and senior high school boys was significantly lower than that of girls, while the VPA(vigorous physical activity) and moderate-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) were significantly higher than those of boys (t=-1.98, -8.09; 5.20, 4.52; 3.53, 4.03, P < 0.05). light physical activity(LPA) and moderate physical activity(MPA) of boys were significantly higher than those of girls in the senior high schools (t=3.67, 5.63, P < 0.01). Lean mass(LM) of the junior school boys was correlated to their MVPA(β=0.302), bone mineral content(BMC) was quantitively related to SB(β=-0.001), MVPA(β=0.002), and fat mass(FM) was related to SB(β=0.050), and MVPA(β=-0.323) (P < 0.05). LM of junior school girls was quantitively correlated to LPA (β=0.080) and MVPA(β=0.613). And there was also correlation among BMC, SB(β=-0.004) and MVPA(β=0.008) between FM and MVPA(β=-0.237) (P < 0.05). There was a correlation between total body LM and MVPA (β=0.393), total body BMC and SB (β=-0.001), MVPA (β=0.002), and total body FM and MVPA (β=-0.393) in senior high school boys(P < 0.05). There was a correlation between senior high school girls' total body LM and LPA (β=0.063), MVPA (β=0.601), total body FM and SB (β=0.029), and MVPA (B=-0.529)(P < 0.05). Conclusion There are gender differences and correlations between adolescent physical activity intensity and body composition. It is recommended that relevant departments provide personalized physical activity dose guidance for adolescents to improve their physical fitness. -
Key words:
- Motor activity /
- Body composition /
- Regression analysis /
- Growth and development /
- Adolescent
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表 1 不同学段男女生基本情况比较(x ±s)
Table 1. Comparison of basic informations between male and female students in different grades(x ±s)
学段 性别 人数 统计值 年龄/岁 身高/cm 体重/kg BMI/(kg·m-2) 初中 男 196 13.61±0.91 171.80±7.93 63.80±14.87 21.51±4.24 女 326 13.34±0.91 163.12±5.88 52.62±9.38 19.70±2.90 t值 1.28 14.28 10.54 5.76 P值 0.30 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 高中 男 289 16.65±0.70 177.01±5.55 71.91±15.12 22.93±4.57 女 160 15.98±0.95 162.96±5.40 59.72±10.93 22.43±3.59 t值 1.66 25.95 8.97 1.20 P值 0.31 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.23 
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表 2 不同学段男女生身体活动水平及身体成分指标比较(x ±s)
Table 2. Comparison of physical activity level and body composition between male and female students in different grades(x ±s)
学段 性别 人数 统计值 SB/(min·d-1) LPA/(min·d-1) MPA/(min·d-1) VPA/(min·d-1) MVPA/(min·d-1) LM(g·kg-1) BMC(g·kg-1) FM(g·kg-1) 初中 男 196 431.04±266.27 453.11±201.00 40.62±22.98 18.11±42.54 51.42±52.96 772.28±75.59 37.21±1.52 228.49±76.42 女 326 466.60±192.41 479.42±163.10 40.76±21.24 1.84±13.49 37.27±24.29 694.66±46.91 37.96±1.55 295.81±126.36 t值 -1.98 -1.63 -0.07 5.20 3.53 13.92 -0.87 -2.29 P值 0.03 0.10 0.94 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.39 0.02 高中 男 289 486.37±388.19 283.72±159.01 34.38±21.54 10.56±29.52 38.64±40.13 753.09±72.54 40.22±1.87 246.91±70.54 女 160 495.24±319.33 226.60±155.68 23.53±15.39 0.00±0.00 25.38±14.72 642.30±46.49 41.02±2.07 357.70±45.01 t值 -8.09 3.67 5.63 4.52 4.03 22.02 -10.08 -10.38 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.06 < 0.01
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表 3 青少年身体成分与身体活动指标的相关性系数(r值)
Table 3. The correlation between physical activity and body composition of adolescents(r)
性别 身体活动指标 初中 高中 LM BMC FM LM BMC FM 男 SB -0.17 -0.40** 0.64** -0.11 -0.38* 0.77* LPA 0.35* 0.18** -0.13 0.05 0.30* -0.11 MVPA 0.47* 0.43** -0.80* 0.39* 0.53** -0.53* 女 SB -0.10 -0.30* 0.68** -0.27** -0.26** 0.46** LPA 0.33* 0.27** -0.19** 0.38* 0.47 -0.45* MVPA 0.45** 0.40** -0.59* 0.39* 0.40* -0.65** 注：*P < 0.05，**P < 0.01。
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表 4 青少年身体成分与身体活动的回归系数(β值)
Table 4. Regression coefficient between physical activity and body composition of adolescents(β)
性别 身体活动指标 初中 高中 LM BMC FM LM BMC FM 男 SB -0.001** 0.050* -0.001* 0.016 LPA 0.055 0.001 MVPA 0.302** 0.002* -0.323* 0.393* 0.002* -0.393* 女 SB -0.004** 0.014 0.029** LPA 0.080* 0.012 -0.060 0.063* -0.066 MVPA 0.613** 0.008** -0.237** 0.601* 0.010 -0.529* 注：*P < 0.05，**P < 0.01。
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