广州市低龄儿童家长近视防控知信行及影响因素

孙艺; 林蓉; 曲亚斌; 熊莉华; 陈思宇; 刘伟佳

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.06.014

广州市低龄儿童家长近视防控知信行及影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.06.014

1.
广东省广州市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生部，510440
2.
广东省疾病预防控制中心环境与学校卫生所

基金项目:

广州市卫生健康科技项目 20221A011068

广州市卫生健康科技项目 20211A011055

广州市科技计划项目 202002030405

广州市医学重点学科项目 2021-2023-11

详细信息

作者简介:
孙艺(1990-)，女，辽宁丹东人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事学生常见病防治工作

通讯作者:
刘伟佳，E-mail：gzcdc_liuwj@gz.gov.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R778.1⁺¹ R179 G78
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-03
- 修回日期: 2023-04-23
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-25

Knowledge, attitude and practice about myopia prevention and control among young children's parents in Guangzhou City

1.
Department of School Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou(510440), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解广州市低龄儿童家长近视防控知信行(KAP)现状及其影响因素，为家庭近视防控健康宣教提供参考。方法 2023年1—2月，采取分层整群随机抽样方法，在广州市3个城区和2个郊区选取4 584名5~6岁幼儿园儿童和一至三年级小学生家长开展近视防控KAP在线问卷调查，对家长近视防控KAP现状进行统计分析，并采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析相关因素。结果家长近视防控KAP达标率为61.54%，其中知识知晓率为57.30%，态度持有率为76.98%，行为形成率为63.31%。互联网(70.35%)和学校健康教育知识讲座/发在家长群中的宣教资料(66.14%)是家长最常用的获取近视防控知识途径。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，居住在城区，父母文化程度大专或本科及以上，家庭年收入(5~9)万元、(10~29)万元、(30~49)万元、(50~59)万元和≥60万元，知道子女视力正常或不良，父母双方近视/单方近视/双方不近视，多途径获取(2，3，≥4种)近视防控知识的家长近视防控KAP达标率较高(OR值分别为1.23，1.34，1.36，1.25，1.49，1.93，2.34，1.64，1.66，1.89，3.48，3.09，2.42，1.65，2.29，3.22，P值均＜0.05)。结论广州市低龄儿童家长近视防控知识和良好行为不足，但态度较积极。应针对家长认知盲区和误区重点宣教，纠正错误观念，促进良好行为形成；多渠道采取通俗易懂、方便记忆的方式加强郊区、文化程度较低及低收入家长近视防控健康宣教。
- 近视 /
- 健康知识, 态度, 实践 /
- 健康促进 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To understand the status and associated factors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about myopia prevention and control among young children's parents in Guangzhou, so as to provide reference for family health education on myopia prevention and control. Methods During January to February 2023, 4 584 parents of children from kindergarten and primary school (grade 1-3) were recruited. Two to three kindergartens and 2 primary schools were selected from each of the 3 urban districts and 2 suburb districts of Guangzhou by stratified cluster random sampling method. Parents of children were administered with online questionnaire survey on KAP about myopia prevention and control. Descriptive analyses and multivariate Logistic regression models were used. Results The proportion of parents reaching standard of KAP about myopia prevention and control was 61.54%, the knowledge awareness rate was 57.30%, the positive attitude holding rate was 76.98% and the health practice formation rate was 63.31%. Internet (70.35%) and lectures on school health education/health education materials (66.14%) were the most common ways for obtaining knowledge for parents. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that urban area, higher education (college/undergraduate or above), annual household income 50 000-90 000, 100 000-290 000, 300 000-490 000, 500 000-590 000, and ≥600 000 Yuan, being aware of vision status (normal/poor) of their children, one or both parents with myopia, both parents with non-myopia, acquiring knowledge by multi-ways(2, 3, ≥4) were associated with higher KAP about myopia prev-ention and control (OR=1.23, 1.34, 1.36, 1.25, 1.49, 1.93, 2.34, 1.64, 1.66, 1.89, 3.48, 3.09, 2.42, 1.65, 2.29, 3.22, P < 0.05). Conclusion Knowledge and practice about myopia prevention and control among young children's parents in Guangzhou are insufficient, yet the attitude was satisfactory. It is necessary to carry out targeted education for parents, especially those living in suburb area, with low education and income level.
- Myopia /
- Health knowledge, attitudes, practice /
- Health promotion /
- Regression analysis /
- Child
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表 1 低龄儿童家长近视防控知识知晓率(n=4 584)

Table 1. Responses to each item of young children's parents in myopia prevention and control knowledge(n=4 584)

知识条目	知晓人数	知晓率/%	知识条目	知晓人数	知晓率/%
视力发育关键期	2 614	57.02	缓解眼疲劳方法	3 684	80.37
正视化过程	1 772	38.66	在家学习时书桌面照度	3 480	75.92
远视储备及发展为正视眼的理想年龄	1 085	23.67	阅读台灯的选择和摆放位置	1 239	27.03
近视诊断金标准	820	17.89	家庭书桌椅的选择	2 135	46.58
近视加深本质	2 596	56.63	家庭书桌椅适宜高度的调节方法	3 371	73.54
散瞳验光	2 977	64.94	户外活动预防近视的正确理解	3 121	68.08
真/假性近视	2 229	48.63	预防近视户外活动时长和天气	1 756	38.31
近视的危害	3 526	76.92	合适的视屏时长及眼放松时间	1 006	21.95
近视能否治愈	2 031	44.31	合适的视屏距离	1 303	28.42
儿童近视表现	2 726	59.47	儿童每日达标睡眠时长	2 525	55.08
儿童视力异常，家长恰当做法	3 901	85.10	有益视力健康的食品	2 316	50.52
家长带儿童去正规医院检查视力时间	3 499	76.33	筛查性近视	3 886	84.77
控制近视进展方法	1 114	24.30	损害视力行为	4 147	90.47
正确佩戴近视镜	2 950	64.35	最经济有效的近视防控措施	4 244	92.58
保护儿童视力行为	3 771	82.26	多巴胺对预防近视的作用	3 796	82.81
正确读写姿势和距离	1 679	36.63	遗传和环境因素对近视的影响	2 759	60.19

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表 2 低龄儿童家长近视防控KAP单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of KAP for myopia prevention and control among parents of younger children

组别	选项	人数	达标人数	χ²值	P值
居住地	城区	2 431	1 596(65.65)	36.97	＜0.01
	郊区	2 153	1 225(56.90)
学校类型	幼儿园	1 764	1 091(61.85)	0.12	0.74
	小学	2 820	1 730(61.35)
独生子女	是	971	619(63.75)	2.54	0.11
	否	3 613	2 202(60.95)
儿童视力情况	视力正常	3 785	2 345(61.96)	29.37	＜0.01
	视力不良	530	350(66.04)
	不知道	269	126(46.84)
父母年龄/岁	25~29	267	144(53.93)	11.37	＜0.01
	30~49	4 263	2 651(62.19)
	≥50	54	26(48.15)
父母文化程度	初中及以下	762	351(46.06)	123.40	＜0.01
	高中/中专/技校	925	533(57.62)
	大专	1 119	718(64.16)
	本科及以上	1 778	1 219(68.56)
家长主要职业	农业劳动	166	71(42.77)	65.72	＜0.01
	无业及离退休	525	297(56.57)
	工人/服务业	961	539(56.09)
	企业/商业/自由职业等	1 427	906(63.49)
	教师/行政/专业技术	1 325	878(66.26)
	医生/护士	180	130(72.22)
家庭年收入/万元	＜5	1 061	516(48.63)	133.84	＜0.01
	5~9	989	580(58.65)
	10~29	1 897	1 260(66.42)
	30~49	432	316(73.15)
	50~59	72	56(77.78)
	≥60	133	93(69.92)
父母视力情况	双方近视	1 143	793(69.38)	97.39	＜0.01
	单方近视	1 755	1 124(64.05)
	双方不近视	1 566	861(54.98)
	一方不知道	88	34(38.64)
	双方不知道	32	9(28.13)
获取近视防控知识	1	802	332(41.40)	229.12	＜0.01
途径种类数	2	773	424(54.85)
	3	825	523(63.39)
	≥4	2 184	1 542(70.60)
注：()内数字为达标率/%。

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表 3 低龄儿童家长近视防控KAP多因素Logistic回归分析(n=4 584)

Table 3. Multiple Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors for KAP about myopia prevention and control among young children's parents(n=4 584)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
居住地	郊区					1.00
	城区	0.21	0.07	9.60	< 0.01	1.23(1.08~1.40)
父母文化程度	初中及以下					1.00
	高中/中专/技校	0.17	0.11	2.49	0.11	1.18(0.96~1.46)
	大专	0.30	0.11	7.48	0.01	1.34(1.09~1.66)
	本科及以上	0.30	0.10	7.45	0.01	1.36(1.09~1.68)
家庭年收入/万元	< 5					1.00
	5~9	0.22	0.10	5.40	0.02	1.25(1.04~1.50)
	10~29	0.40	0.09	19.24	＜0.01	1.49(1.25~1.77)
	30~49	0.66	0.14	22.46	＜0.01	1.93(1.48~2.54)
	50~59	0.85	0.30	7.98	0.01	2.34(1.30~4.22)
	≥60	0.50	0.21	5.39	0.02	1.64(1.09~2.49)
儿童视力情况	不知道					1.00
	视力正常	0.51	0.14	14.01	＜0.01	1.66(1.27~2.17)
	视力不良	0.64	0.16	15.55	＜0.01	1.89(1.38~2.60)
父母视力情况	双方不知道					1.00
	一方不知道	0.40	0.47	0.74	0.39	1.50(0.60~3.76)
	双方不近视	0.88	0.41	4.57	0.03	2.42(1.08~5.45)
	单方近视	1.13	0.41	7.38	0.01	3.09(1.37~6.95)
	双方近视	1.25	0.42	8.91	< 0.01	3.48(1.54~7.89)
获取近视防控知识途径种	1					1.00
类数	2	0.50	0.11	22.79	＜0.01	1.65(1.34~2.02)
	3	0.83	0.11	62.54	＜0.01	2.29(1.86~2.81)
	≥4	1.17	0.09	175.25	＜0.01	3.22(2.71~3.82)

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