上海市2008—2019年中学生饮食相关行为状况分析

乐贵珍; 孙力菁; 杨东玲; 严琼; 杨妍婷; 罗春燕

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.06.011

上海市2008—2019年中学生饮食相关行为状况分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.06.011

上海市疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康所，200336

基金项目:

上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2020—2022年)人才培养计划项目 GWV-10.2-YQ15

健康上海行动专项上海市儿童青少年健康促进模式优化与实践项目 JKSHZX-2022-10

详细信息

作者简介:
乐贵珍(1991-)，女，安徽省人，硕士，初级医师，主要从事学校卫生工作

通讯作者:
罗春燕，E-mail：luochunyan@scdc.sh.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R155.1 R723.14 R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-23
- 修回日期: 2023-05-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-25

Trend of diet-related behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai, 2008-2019

Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai(200336), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解上海市中学生饮食相关行为及变化趋势，为开展膳食营养健康教育提供科学依据。方法于2008，2012，2015，2017及2019年，在上海市的初中、高中以及中等职业技术学校中，采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取71 291名学生，采用上海市青少年健康相关行为问卷开展匿名问卷调查。采用趋势检验对中学生饮食相关行为的趋势进行分析。结果各调查年度中学生营养状况正常的比例分别为73.40%，72.60%，68.06%，68.73%，67.53%，超重肥胖率由2008年的13.17%增长至2019年的23.73%。2008—2019年中学生群体每天“吃油炸食品”的比例逐年降低，由12.05%降至4.23%[男生年度变化百分率(APC)=-7.94%，女生APC=-9.29%，t值分别为-4.33，-7.71，P值均 < 0.05]；每天“吃甜点”的比例逐年降低，由31.66%降至11.14%(男生APC=-8.41%，女生APC=-8.67%，t值分别为-6.37，-6.96，P值均 < 0.05)。5次调查中，中学生具备健康饮食行为的比例波动在12.81%~21.82%，整体升高趋势无统计学意义(P>0.05)；营养不均衡合并易致肥胖型饮食行为的比例降低，由35.47%降至17.00%(APC=-6.71%，t=-5.00，P < 0.05)；营养不均衡合并不易致肥胖饮食行为的比例升高，由39.15%升至60.16%(APC=3.46%，t=6.18，P < 0.05)。结论上海市中学生的超重肥胖率逐年上升，具备健康饮食行为的学生比例整体上仍较低。需针对性地在中学生群体中宣传合理膳食知识，促进其形成健康的饮食行为方式。
- 饮食习惯 /
- 行为 /
- 肥胖 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence and trend of diet-related behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for developing appropriate health education strategies. Methods Anonymous questionnaire surveys were conducted among 71 291 students selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from junior high schools, senior high schools and vocational schools in Shanghai in the year of 2008, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2019. The questionnaire adopted was "Shanghai adolescent health-related behavior questionnaire". Test for trend test were applied for the analysis of the prevalence of their dietary behaviors. Results The proportion of middle school students' nutritional status within the normal range in each survey year were 73.40%, 72.60%, 68.06%, 68.73%, 67.53%, respectively, while the rate of overweight and obesity increased from 13.17% in 2008 to 23.73% in 2019. The proportion of "eating fried food" decreased significantly by year, from 12.05% to 4.23% (male, APC=-7.94%, t=-4.33, female, APC= -9.29%, t=-7.71, P < 0.05) respectively. And the proportion of "eating dessert" also decreased significantly by year, from 31.66% to 11.14% (male, APC=-8.41%, t=-6.37, female, APC=-8.67%, t=-6.96, P < 0.05). In the five surveys, the percentages of healthy diet-related behaviors of secondary school students were 12.81%-21.82%, no significant upward trend was observed in the whole(P>0.05). The proportion of diet-related behaviors of nutrition unbalance and easily leading to obesity decreased significantly from 35.47% to 17.00%(APC=-6.71%, t=-5.00, P < 0.05). The proportion of diet-related behavior of nutrition unbalance and not easily leading to obesity increased significantly from 39.15% to 60.16%(APC=3.46%, t=6.18, P < 0.05). Conclusion Overweight and obesity among secondary school students in Shanghai are increasing during the past decade, and the proportion of healthy dietary behaviors is low. The knowledge of rational diet should be publicized among these students in order to develop healthy dietary behaviors.
- Food habits /
- Behavior /
- Obesity /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 不同年份中学生饮食行为类型分布比较

Table 1. Comparison of type distribution of diet-related behaviors types among secondary school students in different years

年份	性别	人数	健康型	营养不均衡合并不易致肥胖型	营养均衡合并易致肥胖型	营养不均衡合并易致肥胖型
2008	男	3 491	450(12.89)	1 373(39.33)	424(12.15)	1 244(35.63)
	女	3 306	421(12.73)	1 288(38.96)	430(13.01)	1 167(35.30)
2012	男	8 765	1 234(14.08)	4 109(46.88)	615(7.02)	2 807(32.03)
	女	9 345	1 411(15.10)	4 568(48.88)	726(7.77)	2 640(28.25)
2015	男	9 203	1 228(13.34)	4 925(53.52)	474(5.15)	2 576(27.99)
	女	9 015	1 234(13.69)	5 047(55.98)	549(6.09)	2 185(24.24)
2017	男	6 509	1 525(23.43)	3 455(53.08)	367(5.64)	1 162(17.85)
	女	7 020	1 427(20.33)	3 905(55.63)	410(5.84)	1 278(18.21)
2019	男	7 185	1 278(17.79)	4 176(58.12)	421(5.86)	1 310(18.23)
	女	7 452	1 248(16.75)	4 630(62.13)	396(5.31)	1 178(15.81)
APC/%			4.06	3.46	-7.18	-6.71
t值			1.48	6.18	-4.02	-5.00
P值			0.24	< 0.01	0.03	0.02
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 不同年份各人口学特征组中学生健康饮食行为报告率比较

Table 2. Comparison of report rate of healthy diet-related behaviors among secondary school students among different demography characteristics of different years

年份	学段			母亲文化程度				父亲职业
年份	初中	高中	中职	小学及以下	初中	高中/技校/中专	大专/本科及以上	工人/农民/服务业人员	组织/企事业/机关单位负责人	企事业单位人员	其他
2008	335(14.34)	491(15.26)	45(3.62)	19(3.87)	219(8.70)	332(14.80)	301(19.49)	207(9.30)	124(18.26)	397(15.23)	143(11.14)
2012	1 936(16.18)	660(13.60)	49(3.79)	61(5.09)	544(9.45)	762(14.46)	1 278(21.71)	533(10.83)	408(18.78)	1 422(16.62)	282(11.46)
2015	1 200(20.31)	908(14.97)	354(5.67)	128(5.80)	446(9.24)	671(13.64)	1 217(19.41)	1 119(12.26)	488(17.45)	415(18.67)	440(10.81)
2017	2 438(28.17)	424(13.53)	90(5.17)	98(9.30)	326(14.08)	556(18.36)	1 972(27.65)	1 229(19.74)	681(26.03)	694(28.42)	348(15.50)
2019	1 794(21.76)	601(13.93)	131(6.31)	114(9.56)	362(13.04)	591(16.15)	1 459(20.82)	1 087(16.43)	381(22.27)	935(17.25)	123(13.84)
APC/%	5.34	-0.70	5.34	9.09	4.29	1.31	1.41	6.50	2.53	3.15	2.53
t值	2.87	1.16	4.04	5.98	2.56	1.01	0.80	3.37	1.45	1.14	1.67
P值	0.06	0.33	0.03	< 0.01	0.08	0.39	0.48	0.04	0.24	0.34	0.19
注：()内数字为报告率/%。

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