Effect of screen time on sleep in preschool children in Haikou City
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摘要:
目的 了解海口市学龄前儿童的睡眠及屏幕暴露情况，为制定干预措施提供科学依据。 方法 2022年3—6月采取分层整群随机抽样方法抽取海口市学龄前儿童3 584名，使用儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)及自制的调查问卷进行问卷调查及数据分析。 结果 学龄前儿童平均睡眠时间为(10.41±0.98)h/d，睡眠不足率为28.71%，睡眠问题发生率为50.47%；随着年龄增长，平均睡眠时间、工作日睡眠时间和周末睡眠时间均呈下降趋势(F值分别为21.00，29.53，3.26，P值均 < 0.05)，各年龄段学龄前儿童睡眠不足率差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.85，P < 0.01)。平均屏幕使用时间为(1.15±0.37)h/d，屏幕暴露率为55.39%。屏幕暴露组的总睡眠问题(52.14%)及就寝不良习惯(43.02%)、白天嗜睡(67.10%)、睡眠持续时间不规律(53.05%)、入睡潜伏期异常(24.99%)的报告率均高于非暴露组(48.41%，39.59%，63.29%，48.91%，19.57%)(χ2值分别为4.94，4.31，5.69，6.08，14.85，P值均 < 0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示，年龄、周末屏幕暴露时间与平均睡眠时间呈负相关(β值分别为-0.01，-0.06)，工作日户外活动时间、周末户外活动时间与平均睡眠时间均呈正相关(β值分别为0.08，0.08)(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 屏幕暴露与学龄前儿童的睡眠时间、睡眠质量密切相关。家长需培养学龄前儿童良好的作息习惯，根据儿童年龄特点增加户外活动，限制屏幕使用时间，保障儿童健康成长。 Abstract:Objective To understand the impact of screen time on duration and quality of sleep, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of interventions. Methods A total of 3 584 preschool children in Haikou City were selected by stratified sampling method from March to June in 2022, and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and self-designed questionnaire were used. Results The average sleep duration of preschool children was (10.41±0.98)h/d, the rate of sleep deprivation was 28.71%, and the report rate of sleep problems was 50.47%. The average sleep duration in general as well as on weekdays and weekends decreased by age (F=21.00, 29.53, 3.26, P < 0.05), and insufficient sleep duration rate significantly varied by age groups (χ2=29.85, P < 0.01). The average screen time was (1.15±0.37)h/d, and the screen exposure rate was 55.39%. The total sleep problems (52.14%), poor bedtime habits (43.02%), daytime sleepiness (67.10%), irregular sleep duration (53.05%), and abnormal sleep latency (24.99%) were all higher than those in the non-exposed group (48.41%, 39.59%, 63.29%, 48.91%, 19.57%) (χ2=4.94, 4.31, 5.69, 6.08, 14.85, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age and weekend average screen time were negatively associated with sleep duration (β=-0.01, -0.06), weekday and weekend average outdoor activity duration were positively correlated with sleep duration (β=0.08, 0.08) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Screen exposure to preschool children's sleep time, sleep quality was closely related. Parents should cultivate good sleep habits of preschool children, and limit children's screen time to maximize outdoor activities, so as to ensure healthy development of children. -
Key words:
- Fixation, ocular /
- Sleep /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 不同年龄段学龄前儿童睡眠时间比较(x±s，h/d)
Table 1. Comparison of sleep duration of preschool children in different age groups(x±s, h/d)
年龄/岁 人数 平均 工作日 周末 3 605 10.64±1.03 10.35±1.06 11.35±1.43 4 1 317 10.46±0.99 10.23±1.03 11.03±1.36 5 1 128 10.32±0.93 10.13±0.94 10.79±1.38 6 534 10.24±0.97 10.06±0.98 10.68±1.40 合计 3 584 10.41±0.98 10.19±1.00 10.96±1.40 F值 21.00 29.53 3.26 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.02 
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表 2 不同屏幕暴露组学龄前儿童睡眠问题报告率比较
Table 2. Comparison of rate of sleep quality among preschool children of different screen exposure groups
组别 人数 就寝不良习惯 白天嗜睡 睡眠焦虑 睡眠持续时间不规律 睡眠呼吸障碍 异态睡眠 夜醒 入睡潜伏期 总体睡眠问题 屏幕暴露组 1 985 854(43.02) 1 332(67.10) 954(48.06) 1 053(53.05) 198(9.97) 911(45.89) 455(22.92) 496(24.99) 1 035(52.14) 非屏幕暴露组 1 599 633(39.59) 1 012(63.29) 741(46.34) 782(48.91) 137(8.57) 709(44.34) 347(21.70) 313(19.57) 774(48.41) χ2值 4.31 5.69 1.05 6.08 2.07 0.86 0.76 14.85 4.94 P值 0.04 0.02 0.31 0.01 0.15 0.35 0.38 < 0.01 0.03 注：()内数字为报告率/%。
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表 3 学龄前儿童屏幕暴露与睡眠时间的多元线性回归分析(n=3 584)
Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of screen exposure and sleep duration in preschool children(n=3 584)
常量与自变量 β值 标准误 t值 P值 常量 10.75 0.10 10 951.1 < 0.01 年龄 -0.01 0.00 54.8 < 0.01 工作日平均屏幕暴露时间 0.04 0.02 3.5 0.06 周末平均屏幕暴露时间 -0.06 0.02 8.0 < 0.01 工作日平均户外运动时间 0.08 0.02 18.5 < 0.01 周末平均户外运动时间 0.08 0.01 88.9 < 0.01
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