Effect of screen time on sleep in preschool children in Haikou City
-
摘要:
目的 了解海口市学龄前儿童的睡眠及屏幕暴露情况，为制定干预措施提供科学依据。 方法 2022年3—6月采取分层整群随机抽样方法抽取海口市学龄前儿童3 584名，使用儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)及自制的调查问卷进行问卷调查及数据分析。 结果 学龄前儿童平均睡眠时间为(10.41±0.98)h/d，睡眠不足率为28.71%，睡眠问题发生率为50.47%；随着年龄增长，平均睡眠时间、工作日睡眠时间和周末睡眠时间均呈下降趋势(F值分别为21.00，29.53，3.26，P值均 < 0.05)，各年龄段学龄前儿童睡眠不足率差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.85，P < 0.01)。平均屏幕使用时间为(1.15±0.37)h/d，屏幕暴露率为55.39%。屏幕暴露组的总睡眠问题(52.14%)及就寝不良习惯(43.02%)、白天嗜睡(67.10%)、睡眠持续时间不规律(53.05%)、入睡潜伏期异常(24.99%)的报告率均高于非暴露组(48.41%，39.59%，63.29%，48.91%，19.57%)(χ2值分别为4.94，4.31，5.69，6.08，14.85，P值均 < 0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示，年龄、周末屏幕暴露时间与平均睡眠时间呈负相关(β值分别为-0.01，-0.06)，工作日户外活动时间、周末户外活动时间与平均睡眠时间均呈正相关(β值分别为0.08，0.08)(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 屏幕暴露与学龄前儿童的睡眠时间、睡眠质量密切相关。家长需培养学龄前儿童良好的作息习惯，根据儿童年龄特点增加户外活动，限制屏幕使用时间，保障儿童健康成长。 Abstract:Objective To understand the impact of screen time on duration and quality of sleep, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of interventions. Methods A total of 3 584 preschool children in Haikou City were selected by stratified sampling method from March to June in 2022, and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and self-designed questionnaire were used. Results The average sleep duration of preschool children was (10.41±0.98)h/d, the rate of sleep deprivation was 28.71%, and the report rate of sleep problems was 50.47%. The average sleep duration in general as well as on weekdays and weekends decreased by age (F=21.00, 29.53, 3.26, P < 0.05), and insufficient sleep duration rate significantly varied by age groups (χ2=29.85, P < 0.01). The average screen time was (1.15±0.37)h/d, and the screen exposure rate was 55.39%. The total sleep problems (52.14%), poor bedtime habits (43.02%), daytime sleepiness (67.10%), irregular sleep duration (53.05%), and abnormal sleep latency (24.99%) were all higher than those in the non-exposed group (48.41%, 39.59%, 63.29%, 48.91%, 19.57%) (χ2=4.94, 4.31, 5.69, 6.08, 14.85, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age and weekend average screen time were negatively associated with sleep duration (β=-0.01, -0.06), weekday and weekend average outdoor activity duration were positively correlated with sleep duration (β=0.08, 0.08) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Screen exposure to preschool children's sleep time, sleep quality was closely related. Parents should cultivate good sleep habits of preschool children, and limit children's screen time to maximize outdoor activities, so as to ensure healthy development of children. -
Key words:
- Fixation, ocular /
- Sleep /
- Regression analysis /
- Child, preschool
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 不同年龄段学龄前儿童睡眠时间比较(x±s，h/d)
Table 1. Comparison of sleep duration of preschool children in different age groups(x±s, h/d)
年龄/岁 人数 平均 工作日 周末 3 605 10.64±1.03 10.35±1.06 11.35±1.43 4 1 317 10.46±0.99 10.23±1.03 11.03±1.36 5 1 128 10.32±0.93 10.13±0.94 10.79±1.38 6 534 10.24±0.97 10.06±0.98 10.68±1.40 合计 3 584 10.41±0.98 10.19±1.00 10.96±1.40 F值 21.00 29.53 3.26 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.02 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 不同屏幕暴露组学龄前儿童睡眠问题报告率比较
Table 2. Comparison of rate of sleep quality among preschool children of different screen exposure groups
组别 人数 就寝不良习惯 白天嗜睡 睡眠焦虑 睡眠持续时间不规律 睡眠呼吸障碍 异态睡眠 夜醒 入睡潜伏期 总体睡眠问题 屏幕暴露组 1 985 854(43.02) 1 332(67.10) 954(48.06) 1 053(53.05) 198(9.97) 911(45.89) 455(22.92) 496(24.99) 1 035(52.14) 非屏幕暴露组 1 599 633(39.59) 1 012(63.29) 741(46.34) 782(48.91) 137(8.57) 709(44.34) 347(21.70) 313(19.57) 774(48.41) χ2值 4.31 5.69 1.05 6.08 2.07 0.86 0.76 14.85 4.94 P值 0.04 0.02 0.31 0.01 0.15 0.35 0.38 < 0.01 0.03 注：()内数字为报告率/%。
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 学龄前儿童屏幕暴露与睡眠时间的多元线性回归分析(n=3 584)
Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of screen exposure and sleep duration in preschool children(n=3 584)
常量与自变量 β值 标准误 t值 P值 常量 10.75 0.10 10 951.1 < 0.01 年龄 -0.01 0.00 54.8 < 0.01 工作日平均屏幕暴露时间 0.04 0.02 3.5 0.06 周末平均屏幕暴露时间 -0.06 0.02 8.0 < 0.01 工作日平均户外运动时间 0.08 0.02 18.5 < 0.01 周末平均户外运动时间 0.08 0.01 88.9 < 0.01
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 陈小燕, 曾宏, 陈晓清. 学龄前儿童睡眠与生活质量的相关性分析[J]. 中国实用医药, 2019, 14(16): 80-81. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZSSA201916042.htmCHEN X Y, ZENG H, CHEN X Q. Correlation analysis of sleep and quality of life in preschool children[J]. Chin Pract Med, 2019, 14(16): 80-81. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZSSA201916042.htm [2] 王宇婷, 代飞彩, 余丽君, 等. 营养不良风险与学龄前儿童睡眠问题的关联研究[J]. 现代预防医学, 2022, 49(15): 2730-2735. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF202215009.htmWANG Y T, DAI F C, YU L J, et al. Association between the risk of malnutrition and sleep disorders in preschoolers[J]. Mod Prev Med, 2022, 49(15): 2730-2735. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF202215009.htm [3] 金岚, 樊路, 彭美琳, 等. 合肥市856名学龄前儿童睡眠问题分析[J]. 安徽医学, 2020, 41(3): 346-349. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0399.2020.03.033JIN L, FAN L, PENG M L, et al. Analysis of sleep problems on 856 preschool children in Hefei[J]. Anhui Med J, 2020, 41(3): 346-349. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0399.2020.03.033 [4] 赵艳芳, 黄儒婷, 王卓群, 等. 2019年北京市丰台区3~6岁学龄前儿童夜间睡眠时间及影响因素分析[J]. 中国慢性病预防与控制, 2021, 29(11): 839-843. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZMXB202111011.htmZHAO Y F, HUANG R T, WANG Z Q, et al. Analysis of nighttime sleep duration and its influencing factors of preschool children (3-6 years old) in Fengtai district of Beijing in 2019[J]. Chin J Prev Control Chron Dis, 2021, 29(11): 839-843. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZMXB202111011.htm [5] 麻江利, 史鲜玲. 河南城市学龄前儿童睡眠状况及影响因素分析[J]. 现代预防医学, 2022, 49(10): 1787-1791. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF202210011.htmMA J L, SHI X L. Analysis of sleep status and influencing factors of urban preschool children in Henan[J]. Mod Prev Med, 2022, 49(10): 1787-1791. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF202210011.htm [6] 刘佳, 陶芳标. 睡眠不足与儿童青少年近视关联性研究进展[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2022, 43(3): 463-471. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.035LIU J, TAO F B. Study on the association between sleep deficiency and myopia in children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2022, 43(3): 463-471. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.03.035 [7] 刘颖, 林尧, 黄丽红, 等. 海口市学龄前儿童睡眠障碍影响因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2020, 41(7): 1029-1031, 1035. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.07.020LIU Y, LIN Y, HUANG L H, et al. Study on sleep disturbances of preschool children in Haikou City and its influencing factors[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2020, 41(7): 1029-1031, 1035. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.07.020 [8] 刘明霞, 花静. 电子屏幕暴露对儿童睡眠影响的研究进展[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2021, 29(2): 176-180. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202201015.htmLIU M X, HUA J. Research advances on the effects of electronic screen exposure on sleep in children[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2021, 29(2): 176-180. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202201015.htm [9] 马颖, 焦婷, 黄亚深, 等. 学龄前儿童屏幕暴露对睡眠的影响及户外活动的调节作用[J]. 中国儿童保健, 2022, 30(6): 664-668. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202206019.htmMA Y, JIAO T, HUANG Y S, et al. Association between screen time and sleep duration and the moderating effect of outdoor activity among preschoolers[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2022, 30(6): 664-668. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO202206019.htm [10] 李生慧, 金星明, 沈晓明, 等. 儿童睡眠习惯问卷中文版制定及测量性能考核[J]. 中华儿科学, 2007, 45(3): 176-180. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHEK200703006.htmLI S H, JIN X M, SHEN X M, et al. Development and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire[J]. Chin J Pediatr, 2007, 45(3): 176-180. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHEK200703006.htm [11] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 0~5岁儿童睡眠卫生指南: WS/T 579—2017[S]. 2018-04-01.National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC. Sleep hygiene guidelines for children aged 0 to 5 years old: WS/T 579-2017[S]. 2018-04-01. (in Chinese) [12] GONZALEZ-NAHM S, GROSSMAN E R, FROST N, et al. Media and young minds: comparing state screen media use regulations for children under 24 months of age in early care and education to a national standard[J]. Matern Child Health J, 2018, 22(4): 445-453. [13] GUAN H Y, ZHAO X, QU S, et al. Exercise guidelines for preschool children (3 to 6 years)[J]. Chin J Children's Health Care, 2020, 28(6): 714-720. [14] 谭晓艳, 施雯慧. 学龄前儿童睡眠状况及与超重肥胖的关联性研究[J]. 江苏预防医学, 2022, 33(4): 406-410. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSYF202204010.htmTAN X Y, SHI W H. Association between sleep status and overweight/obesity among preschoo children[J]. Jiangsu J Prev Med, 2022, 33(4): 406-410. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSYF202204010.htm [15] 叶新华, 陈虹, 康曦光, 等. 兰州市儿童肥胖与睡眠障碍的相关性分析[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2019, 21(10): 987-991. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DDKZ201910009.htmYE X Y, CHEN H, KANG X G, et al. Association between obesity and sleep disorders among children in Lanzhou, China[J]. Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2019, 21(10): 987-991. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DDKZ201910009.htm [16] 戴霄天, 林森然, 崔娓, 等. 上海市学龄前儿童睡眠健康及影响因素的流行病学调查[J]. 中国妇幼健康研究, 2022, 33(3): 9-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SANE202203003.htmDAI X T, LIN S R, CUI W, et al. Epidemiological survey on sleep health and influencing factors of preschool children in Shanghai[J]. Chin J Woman Child Health Res, 2022, 33(3): 9-14. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SANE202203003.htm [17] 丁治保, 吴灿魁, 曹远保, 等. 南京市溧水区学龄前儿童睡眠状况及其对情绪与行为问题的影响[J]. 实用预防医学, 2022, 29(4): 459-462. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYY202204019.htmDING Z B, WU C K, CAO Y B, et al. Sleep status of preschool children and their influence on emotional and behavioral problems in Lishui District, Nanjing City[J]. Pract Prev Med, 2022, 29(4): 459-462. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYY202204019.htm [18] 何海燕, 宁曼, 王睿, 等. 学龄前儿童睡眠障碍与情绪行为问题的关联[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(9): 1344-1347. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.016HE H Y, NING M, WANG R, et al. Association between sleep disorders and behavior problems in preschool children[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2021, 42(9): 1344-1347. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.016 [19] SUN J, WANG M, YANG L, et al. Sleep duration and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: a systematic review[J]. Sleep Med Rev, 2020, 53: 101338. [20] 张亚清, 钟红平. 5岁以下儿童屏幕暴露的研究新进展[J]. 中国临床医学进展, 2022, 12(9): 8455-8460.ZHANG Y Q, ZHONG H P. New research progress on screen exposure in children under 5 years old[J]. Adv Clin Med, 2022, 12(9): 8455-8460. (in Chinese) [21] 李楠, 梁颖. 儿童早期电子屏幕使用现状及对儿童社会性发展的影响[J]. 保健医学研究与实践, 2022, 19(9): 181-185. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GXBJ202209042.htmLI N, LIANG Y. Electronic screen usage in early childhood and its impact on children's socia development[J]. Health Med Res Pract, 2022, 19(9): 181-185. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GXBJ202209042.htm [22] 陈璐, 朱惠娟, 陈适, 等. 屏幕教学对儿童心理行为的影响分析[J]. 基础医学与临床, 2021, 41(12): 1868-1870. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JCYL202112031.htmCHEN L, ZHU H J, CHEN S, et al. Influence of screen teaching on children's psychological and behavior problems[J]. Basic Clin Med, 2021, 41(12): 1868-1870. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JCYL202112031.htm [23] 滕晓雨, 杜继鹏, 蔡雅君, 等. 屏幕暴露对学龄前儿童睡眠时间和质量的影响[J]. 中国妇幼健康研究, 2021, 32(4): 477-483. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SANE202104003.htmTENG X Y, DU J P, CAI Y J, et al. Effects of screen exposure on sleep time and sleep quality in preschoolers[J]. Chin J Woman Child Health Res, 2021, 32(4): 477-483. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SANE202104003.htm -
点击查看大图
表(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 360
- HTML全文浏览量: 182
- PDF下载量: 56
- 被引次数: 0
