青海省农牧区高年级小学生早餐行为现况

张曼; 王行; 杨素芳; 张娜; 池睿欣; 申贵元; 李子晔; 马福昌; 马冠生

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.06.006

青海省农牧区高年级小学生早餐行为现况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.06.006

张曼^{1, 2, 3},
王行¹,
杨素芳⁴,
张娜^{1, 3},
池睿欣¹,
申贵元¹,
李子晔⁴,
马福昌⁴,
马冠生^{1, 3, ,}

1.
北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系，北京 100191
2.
北京大学护理学院
3.
食品安全毒理学研究与评价北京市重点实验室
4.
青海省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染病预防控制所

基金项目:

达能营养中心膳食营养研究与宣教基金 DIC2020-11

详细信息

作者简介:
张曼(1988-)，女，山东淄博人，博士，助理研究员，主要研究方向为食物环境与饮食行为和儿童肥胖防控

通讯作者:
马冠生，E-mail：mags@bjmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R153.2 R151.4⁺²
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-17
- 修回日期: 2023-04-13
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-25

Breakfast consumption behaviors of senior primary school students from agricultrual and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province

ZHANG Man^{1, 2, 3},
WANG Xing¹,
YANG Sufang⁴,
ZHANG Na^{1, 3},
CHI Ruixin¹,
SHEN Guiyuan¹,
LI Ziye⁴,
MA Fuchang⁴,
MA Guansheng^{1, 3
, ,}

1.
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing(100191), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解青海省农牧区高年级小学生早餐行为状况，为实施儿童营养教育及制定干预措施提供依据。方法使用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法，从青海省海东市、海南州、海西州3个市的4个县区共10所小学抽样四、五年级学生共969名作为研究对象，采用自填调查问卷的方法调查其早餐行为状况。结果小学生1周吃5~7次早餐的占82.0%，3~4次的占9.7%，1~2次的占6.7%，不吃早餐的占1.5%。早餐食物种类选择依次是谷薯类、奶豆坚果类、蔬菜水果类和鱼禽肉蛋类(84.1%，69.8%，66.8%，37.7%)；五年级学生早餐中包含蔬菜水果类的比例高于四年级学生(χ²=4.81，P=0.03)，县城学生早餐中包含鱼禽肉蛋类的比例高于农村学生(χ²=6.94，P=0.03)，而包含蔬菜水果类的比例低于农村学生(χ²=53.33，P < 0.01)；寄宿学生早餐食物中包含鱼禽肉蛋类的比例高于非寄宿学生(χ²=41.26，P < 0.01)，而包含蔬菜水果类、奶豆坚果类的比例低于非寄宿学生(χ²值分别为21.11，34.41，P值均 < 0.01)。44.8%的学生早餐营养较差，营养良好的比例仅为16.3%。早餐主要由母亲准备，占47.5%；其次是由学校食堂准备，占29.9%；除年级外，其余各组学生早餐准备者的分布情况差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。结论青海省农牧区高年级小学生仍存在不吃早餐、早餐营养质量差的现象。应针对学生、家长、学校食堂工作人员开展饮食和营养知识教育，提高儿童早餐食用频率和营养质量。
- 膳食 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 营养调查 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To examine breakfast consumption among primary school students in grades 4 and 5 in Qinghai Province, China, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and intervention strategies. Methods We used a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method to select the participants. A total of 969 students were selected from 10 primary schools in four counties and districts of three cities, namely Haidong City, Hainan Prefecture and Haixi Prefecture in Qinghai Province. A self-rated questionnaire was administered to investigate breakfast consumption. Results The proportion of students who consumed breakfast 5 to 7 times per week, 3 or 4 times per week, and 1 or 2 times per week were 82.0%, 9.7%, and 6.7%, respectively, while 1.5% never ate breakfast. In descending order, the breakfast food types consumed were cereals and tubers; milk, legumes and nuts; vegetables and fruits; fish and poultry; and meat and eggs (84.1%, 69.8%, 66.8%, and 37.7%, respectively). The proportion of vegetables and fruits in the breakfast of grade 5 students was higher than that of grade 4 students(χ²=4.81, P=0.03), the proportion of fish, poultry, meat and eggs in county urban areas was higher than that of students in rural(χ²=6.94, P=0.03), while the proportion of vegetables and fruits in urban areas was lower than that of students in suburban areas(χ²=53.33, P < 0.01). The proportion of breakfast food containing fish, poultry, meat and eggs of boarding students was higher than that of non-boarding students(χ²=41.26, P < 0.01), while the proportion of breakfast food containing vegetables and fruits, milk & legumens & nuts was lower than that of non-boarding students(χ²=21.11, 4.41, P < 0.01). A total of 44.8% of students had a poor quality breakfast, and only 16.3% had a good quality breakfast. Moreover, 47.5% of breakfasts were prepared by mothers, followed by the school canteen which prepared 29.9%. Except for students in different grades, there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of breakfast preparers in other groups(P < 0.05). Conclusion In Qinghai Province, breakfast skipping is observed in some senior primary school students, and the quality of breakfast is poor. Diet and nutrition education should be provided for students, parents, and school canteen staff to improve the frequency and nutritional quality of children's breakfasts.
- Diet /
- Food habits /
- Nutrition aurveys /
- Students
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表 1 不同人口统计学特征儿童早餐食用频次分布比较

Table 1. Comparison of the distribution of breakfast consumption frequency among children with different demographic characteristics

人口统计学指标		人数	5~7次/周	3~4次/周	1~2次/周	不吃	χ²值	P值
性别	男	469	379(80.8)	49(10.4)	32(6.8)	9(1.9)	1.52	0.68
	女	500	416(83.2)	45(9.0)	33(6.6)	6(1.2)
年级	四	481	388(80.7)	55(11.4)	33(6.9)	5(1.0)	4.81	0.19
	五	488	407(83.4)	39(8.0)	32(6.6)	10(2.0)
城区	县城	574	473(82.4)	57(9.9)	33(5.7)	11(1.9)	3.26	0.35
	农村	395	322(81.5)	37(9.4)	32(8.1)	4(1.0)
寄宿	是	242	203(83.9)	27(11.2)	10(4.1)	2(0.8)	5.11	0.16
	否	727	592(81.4)	67(9.2)	55(7.6)	13(1.8)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 不同人口统计学特征儿童早餐中包含的食物种类比较

Table 2. Comparison of the food types included in the breakfast of children with different demographic characteristics

人口统计学指标		人数	统计值	谷薯类	鱼禽肉蛋类	蔬菜水果类	奶豆坚果类
性别	男	469		390(83.2)	185(39.4)	311(66.3)	328(69.9)
	女	500		425(85.0)	180(36.0)	336(67.2)	348(69.6)
			χ²值	0.30	2.26	0.02	0.91
			P值	0.65	0.32	0.95	0.64
年级	四	481		414(86.1)	190(39.5)	307(63.8)	340(70.7)
	五	488		401(82.2)	175(35.9)	340(69.7)	336(68.9)
			χ²值	1.82	2.72	4.81	1.77
			P值	0.20	0.26	0.03	0.41
城区	县城	574		483(84.1)	233(40.6)	330(57.5)	395(68.8)
	农村	395		332(84.1)	132(33.4)	317(80.3)	281(71.1)
			χ²值	0.14	6.94	53.33	1.58
			P值	0.71	0.03	< 0.01	0.45
寄宿	是	242		212(87.6)	133(55.0)	134(55.4)	135(55.8)
	否	727		603(82.9)	232(31.9)	513(70.6)	541(74.4)
			χ²值	2.17	41.26	21.11	34.41
			P值	0.17	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 3 不同人口统计学特征儿童早餐营养质量分布比较

Table 3. Comparison of the distribution of breakfast nutrition quality among children with different demographic characteristics

人口统计学指标		人数	营养良好	营养一般	营养较差	χ²值	P值
性别	男	469	77(16.4)	176(37.5)	216(46.1)	0.78	0.68
	女	500	81(16.2)	201(40.2)	218(43.6)
年级	四	481	70(14.6)	184(38.3)	227(47.2)	3.14	0.21
	五	488	88(18.0)	193(39.5)	207(42.4)
城区	县城	574	90(15.7)	227(39.5)	257(44.8)	0.49	0.78
	农村	395	68(17.2)	150(38.0)	177(44.8)
寄宿	是	242	36(14.9)	93(38.4)	113(46.7)	0.68	0.71
	否	727	122(16.8)	284(39.1)	321(44.2)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 4 不同人口统计学特征儿童早餐准备者分布比较

Table 4. Comparison of breakfast prearer distribution among children with different demographic characteristics

人口统计学指标		人数	母亲	父亲	自己	祖父母/外祖父母	学校食堂	其他人	χ²值	P值
性别	男	460	234(50.87)	23(5.00)	25(5.43)	62(13.48)	113(24.57)	3(0.65)	14.80	0.01
	女	494	219(44.33)	14(2.83)	24(4.86)	59(11.94)	172(34.82)	6(1.21)
年级	四	476	230(48.32)	18(3.78)	18(3.78)	59(12.39)	145(30.46)	6(1.26)	4.74	0.45
	五	478	223(46.65)	19(3.97)	31(6.49)	62(12.97)	140(29.29)	3(0.63)
城区	县城	563	299(53.11)	21(3.73)	33(5.86)	52(9.24)	150(26.64)	8(1.42)	31.63	< 0.01
	农村	391	154(39.39)	16(4.09)	16(4.09)	69(17.65)	135(34.53)	1(0.26)
寄宿	是	240	37(15.42)	5(2.08)	6(2.50)	19(7.92)	172(71.67)	1(0.42)	270.62	< 0.01
	否	714	416(58.26)	32(4.48)	43(6.02)	102(14.29)	113(15.83)	8(1.12)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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