陕西省小学生体质健康与能量平衡相关行为的关联

李家乐; 高海宁; 常波; 崔莹; 刘扬; 蒋衍

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.027

陕西省小学生体质健康与能量平衡相关行为的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.027

李家乐¹,
高海宁^1, ,,
常波¹,
崔莹¹,
刘扬²,
蒋衍¹

1.
沈阳体育学院运动健康学院，辽宁 110115
2.
渤海船舶职业学院师范教育系

基金项目:

教育部人文社会科学研究项目 18YJA890029

详细信息

作者简介:
李家乐(1998-)，男，河北涿州人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为学生体质健康

通讯作者:
高海宁，E-mail：45208373@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G804.49 R153.2 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-24
- 修回日期: 2023-03-13
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-25

Relationship between physical fitness and energy balance-related behaviors of primary school students in Shaanxi Province

1.
Shenyang Institute of physical Education, College of Sport Health, Shenyang(110115), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨小学生体质与能量平衡相关行为(energy balance-related behaviors, EBRBs)及其影响因素的关系，为小学生体质的改善提供科学依据。方法按随机抽样原则抽取陕西省8个地区(凤翔、渭滨、丹凤、商州、华州、临渭、高陵、未央)1 451名10~12岁小学生，按体质总分分成体质优良组和及格及以下组，横向调查学生EBRBs及其影响因素，采用曼-惠特尼U检验、逐步线性回归分析进行数理统计。结果小学生早餐行为(r=0.061)、身体活动行为(r=0.105)与体质总分呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)，且体质优良组得分(757.56，768.57)高于及格及以下组(710.93，705.67)(Z值分别为-2.41，-2.69，P值均 < 0.05)；视屏行为与学生体质总分负相关(r=-0.065，P < 0.05)，优良组得分(681.96)低于及格及以下组(747.04)(Z=2.78，P < 0.05)。饮料行为与学生体质总分相关无统计学意义(P>0.05)。早餐行为的健康理念、父母规范、父母榜样，身体活动行为的喜好、自我效能感、自律性，视屏行为的自我效能、父母榜样和家庭规则，体质优良组得分(762.22，761.19，758.82，756.00，761.20，755.57，761.52，759.48，781.78)高于及格及以下组(708.70，709.19，710.32，711.67，709.19，711.88，709.04，710.01，699.36)(Z值分别为-2.40，-2.78，-2.35，-2.48，-2.52，-2.27，-2.35，-2.22，-3.65，P值均 < 0.05)。结论小学生体质受EBRBs影响，家长应在家庭建立良好行为模式，促进小学生健康行为的素养，提升小学生的体质健康水平。
- 体质 /
- 行为 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 运动活动 /
- 注视，眼 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between physical fitness and energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs), and their influencing factors among primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of physical fitness in primary school students. Methods By using a random sampling method, a total of 1 451 pupils aged 10-12 were selected from 8 regions of Shannxi Province (Fengxiang, Weibin, Danfeng, Shangzhou, Huazhou, Linwei, Gaoling, Weiyang). According to the total score of physical fitness test, pupils were divided into the excellent-good physical fitness group and the pass-failed group. The students' EBRBs and their influencing factors were investigated cross-sectionally, and the Mann-Whitney U test and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between physical fitness and EBRBs. Results Breakfasts behavior(r=0.061) and physical activity behavior(r=0.105) among primary school students were positively correlated with total physical scores, with the excellent-good physical fitness group (757.56, 768.57)were higher than that of the pass-failed group(710.93, 705.67) (Z=-2.41, -2.69, P < 0.05). The screen behavior (r=-0.065) was negatively correlated with the total physical fitness scores, with the excellent-good physical fitness group (681.96) was significantly lower than the pass-failed group(747.04) (Z=2.78, P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between the frequency of beverage behavior and the total score of physical fitness (P>0.05). The excellent-good physical fitness group scored(762.22, 761.19, 758.82, 756.00, 761.20, 755.57, 761.52, 759.48, 781.78) higher than the pass-failed group(708.70, 709.19, 710.32, 711.67, 709.19, 711.88, 709.04, 710.01, 699.36) including health beliefs, parental norms and parental role models for breakfast behaviors, and preferences, self-efficacy, and self-regulation for physical activities, as well as self-efficacy, parental role models, family rules for screen behavior (Z=-2.40, -2.78, -2.35, -2.48, -2.52, -2.27, -2.35, -2.22, -3.65, P < 0.05). Conclusion The physical fitness of primary school students is affected by EBRBs. Parents should model positive behaviors in the family, promote the health behavior of primary school students, improve the physical health of primary school students health.
- Body constitution /
- Behavior /
- Food habits /
- Motor activity /
- Fixation, ocular /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 陕西省不同体质组别小学生EBRBs得分秩平均值比较(n=1 451)

Table 1. Comparison of rank average of EBRBs score in different constitutional groups from Shaanxi Province(n=1 451)

体质组别	人数	饮料行为	早餐行为	身体活动行为	视屏行为
优良组	982	711.27	757.56	768.57	681.96
及格及以下组	469	733.03	710.93	705.67	747.04
Z值		0.94	-2.41	-2.69	2.78
P值		0.35	0.02	0.01	0.01

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表 2 陕西省不同组别体质小学生能量平衡相关行为与相关因素的线性回归分析(n=1 451)

Table 2. Linear regression analysis of energy balance related behaviors and related factors of pupils with different physique in Shaanxi Province(n=1 451)

体质组别	因变量	自变量	R²值	t值	B值	F值
优良组	早餐行为	喜好	0.13	5.66	0.45	30.22
(n=982)		健康理念	0.15	3.64	0.20
		父母榜样	0.16	2.46	0.16
	身体活动行为	自我效能	0.04	3.39	0.54	12.70
		家庭规则	0.05	2.27	0.34
	视屏行为	自律性	0.12	4.66	0.52	26.15
		家庭规则	0.15	3.58	0.35
		父母榜样	0.17	2.84	0.36
		态度	0.18	2.73	0.40
及格及以下组	早餐行为	自我效能	0.11	4.29	0.27	40.80
(n=469)		父母规范	0.14	3.68	0.20
		父母榜样	0.16	3.81	0.17
		喜好	0.17	2.59	0.19
		态度	0.17	2.35	0.16
	身体活动行为	自我效能	0.03	4.96	0.45	20.24
		家庭规则	0.04	2.71	0.24
	视屏行为	自律性	0.04	4.66	0.39	22.18
		自我效能	0.06	-3.49	-0.31
		父母榜样	0.06	2.75	0.27
注：P值均 < 0.05。

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表 3 陕西省不同体质小学生能量平衡相关行为的相关因素比较

Table 3. Comparion of related factors of energy balance-related behaviors among pupils with different physiques in Shaanxi Province

能量平衡相关行为	体质组别	人数	统计值	个人因素					家庭因素
能量平衡相关行为	体质组别	人数	统计值	态度	健康理念	喜好	自我效能	自律性	父母规范	父母榜样	家庭规则
早餐	优良	982		739.99	762.22	720.68	725.31	728.15	761.19	758.82	739.87
	及格	469		719.32	708.70	728.54	726.33	724.97	709.19	710.32	719.38
			Z值	-1.12	-2.40	0.45	0.06	-0.17	-2.78	-2.35	-0.91
			P值	0.26	0.02	0.65	0.96	0.87	0.01	0.02	0.36
身体活动	优良	982		739.08	709.91	756.00	761.20	755.57	732.11	742.54	746.47
	及格	469		719.75	733.68	711.67	709.19	711.88	723.08	718.10	716.22
			Z值	-1.20	1.07	-2.48	-2.52	-2.27	-0.51	-1.09	-1.41
			P值	0.23	0.29	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.61	0.28	0.16
视屏	优良	982		737.88	709.41	740.94	761.52	741.11	733.25	759.48	781.78
	及格	469		720.33	733.92	718.86	709.04	718.79	722.49	710.01	699.36
			Z值	-0.81	1.07	-0.98	-2.35	-0.99	-0.49	-2.22	-3.65
			P值	0.42	0.29	0.33	0.02	0.32	0.63	0.03	< 0.01
注：表中数据为秩平均值。

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