成都市学龄前独生子女与非独生子女情绪与行为问题比较

任妍; 朱帝玲; 叶丽雯; 李春荣; 陈月; 杨柳; 秦成洁; 罗同勇

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.021

成都市学龄前独生子女与非独生子女情绪与行为问题比较

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.021

1.
电子科技大学医学院附属妇女儿童医院/成都市妇女儿童中心医院保健部，四川成都 610000
2.
成都医学院公共卫生学院
3.
四川省妇幼保健院儿童健康中心

基金项目:

中国疾控预防控制中心妇幼保健中心母婴营养与健康研究资助项目 2022FYH005

四川省科技计划资助重点研发项目 2020YFS0484

详细信息

作者简介:
任妍(1982-)，女，四川宜宾人，硕士，副主任医师，主要从事妇幼保健管理工作

通讯作者:
罗同勇，E-mail：whnic@msn.com

利益冲突声明所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: B844.1 R179 R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-09
- 修回日期: 2023-02-22
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-25

Comparison of emotional and behavioral problems of only and non-only child in the kindergartens in Chengdu

1.
Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu(610000), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析学龄前独生与非独生子女存在的情绪与行为问题差异，为开展学龄前儿童心理行为发育情况监测及干预工作提供依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法，于2021年5—6月在成都市23个区市县抽取153所幼儿园共45 065名儿童，通过监护人填写在线问卷的方式调查人口学特征、儿童心理行为发育情况，采用χ²检验分析各维度异常率在独生子女与非独生子女间的差异，通过倾向性评分匹配方法对独生子女与非独生子女的情绪与行为问题进行分析。结果儿童情绪行为问题异常检出率为6.10%，其中独生子女为6.34%，非独生子女为5.84%。匹配后独生子女组与非独生子女组的困难总分、情绪症状、品行问题、多动注意缺陷、同伴交往、社会行为评分差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为9.91，8.97，3.91，15.57，-5.46，4.08，P值均 < 0.01)。结论在困难总分及情绪症状、品行问题、多动注意缺陷方面，非独生子女情况均好于独生子女；在同伴交往、社会行为方面，独生子女情况优于非独生子女。是否独生子女应作为学龄前儿童心理保健工作中制定具体方案的重要考虑因素。
- 情绪 /
- 行为 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 独生子女 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To analyze the emotional and behavioral problems and associated factors of the only and non-only child, and to provide some clues for further monitoring and intervention of psychological and behavioral development among preschool children. Methods Using a convenience sampling method, a total of 45 065 children enrolled in 153 kindergartens in 23 districts and counties of Chengdu were selected from May to June 2021 to investigate demographic characteristics and children's psycho-behavioral development through online questionnaires filled out by their guardians. The Chi-square tests were used to analyze whether the differences in abnormality rates of each dimension were statistically significant between the only and non-only children. The emotional and behavioral problems of only children and non-only children were analyzed by propensity score measurement. Results The detection rate of abnormal emotional behavior problems in children was 6.10%, including 6.34% in the only child group and 5.84% in the non-only child group. After matching, total difficulty score, and scores of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactive attention deficit, peer interaction, and social behavior differed between the only child group and the non-only child group (t=9.91, 8.97, 3.91, 15.57, -5.46, 4.08, P < 0.01). Conclusion In terms of the total score of difficulties, emotional symptoms, moral problems, and hyperactivity attention defects, the non-only child is better than the only child, but the opposite is true in terms of peer interaction and social behavior. Mental health conditions among the only child should be paid more attention. Whether or not the only child should be taken as an important consideration for preschool children's mental health care.
- Emotions /
- Behavior /
- Mental health /
- Only child /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 匹配前独生子女与非独生子女情绪及行为异常检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of pre-matching detection rates of emotional and behavioural abnormalities in only child and non-only child

组别	人数	情绪症状	品行问题	多动注意缺陷	同伴交往	社会行为	困难总分
独生子女	22 924	1 518(6.62)	532(2.32)	8 376(36.54)	1 039(4.53)	2 273(9.92)	1 454(6.34)
非独生子女	22 141	1 326(5.99)	544(2.46)	6 892(31.13)	1 131(5.11)	2 330(10.52)	1 293(5.84)
合计	45 065	2 844(6.31)	1 076(2.39)	15 268(33.88)	2 170(4.82)	4 603(10.21)	2 747(6.10)
χ²值		31.33	0.93	206.11	38.03	84.55	14.35
P值		< 0.01	0.63	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 匹配前独生子女与非独生子女情绪及行为评分比较(x ±s)

Table 2. Comparison of emotional and behavioural scores of pre-matched only child and non-only child(x ±s)

组别	人数	情绪症状	品行问题	多动注意力缺陷	同伴交往	社会行为	困难总分
独生子女	22 924	1.84±1.56	1.74±1.15	3.91±2.08	1.82±1.43	6.92±2.02	9.31±4.29
非独生子女	22 141	1.69±1.54	1.69±1.17	3.59±2.03	1.97±1.44	6.78±2.05	8.94±4.34
t值		10.17	4.86	16.72	-11.10	7.18	9.22
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 3 匹配前后独生子女组与非独生子女组特征性变量对比

Table 3. Comparing the characteristic variables of the only child group with the non-only child group before and after matching

变量	匹配前(44 974名)		匹配后(25 414名)
变量	Wald χ²值	P值	Wald χ²值	P值
民族	0.20	0.65	0.06	0.81
儿童性别	54.29	< 0.01	0.00	0.96
儿童年龄	18.96	< 0.01	2.32	0.50
父亲年龄	235.39	< 0.01	0.35	0.55
母亲年龄	444.08	< 0.01	0.13	0.72
是否高危育龄	28.14	< 0.01	0.16	0.69
父亲文化程度	50.80	< 0.01	4.88	0.31
母亲文化程度	626.47	< 0.01	13.33	0.01
家庭年收入	9.25	< 0.01	8.28	0.65
家庭管教主要由谁负责	70.47	< 0.01	6.22	0.08
注：匹配前有91名混杂因素填写不全，未纳入分析。

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表 4 匹配后独生子女与非独生子女情绪及行为评分比较(x ±s)

Table 4. Comparison of emotional and behavioural scores of only child and non-only child after matching(x ±s)

组别	人数	情绪症状	品行问题	多动注意缺陷	同伴交往	社会行为	困难总分
独生子女	12 707	1.88±1.58	1.76±1.16	3.98±2.08	1.84±1.43	6.90±2.02	9.47±4.31
非独生子女	12 707	1.72±1.54	1.71±1.18	3.61±2.05	1.93±1.43	6.80±2.05	8.97±4.35
t值		8.97	3.91	15.57	-5.46	4.08	9.91
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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