家庭结构和青少年心理健康与健康相关行为的关系

邹超逸; 郭佩融; 黄建萍; 杨婕; 安娜; 陆青云

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.017

家庭结构和青少年心理健康与健康相关行为的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.017

邹超逸¹,
郭佩融¹,
黄建萍²,
杨婕³,
安娜^2, ,,
陆青云^1, ,

1.
南通大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学教研室，江苏 226019
2.
南通市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科
3.
江苏省疾病预防控制中心儿少卫生所

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金资助项目 81502827

南通市卫生健康委科研课题项目 MS2022088

江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目 SJCX21-1478

详细信息

作者简介:
邹超逸(1997-)，男，江苏常州人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年卫生学

通讯作者:
安娜，E-mail：814791496@qq.com

陆青云，E-mail：qingyun79@126.com

中图分类号: B844.2 G78 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-02
- 修回日期: 2023-02-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-25

Relationship between family structures and adolescents' mental health and health-associated behaviors

ZOU Chaoyi¹,
GUO Peirong¹,
HUANG Jianping²,
YANG Jie³,
AN Na^{2
, ,},
LU Qingyun^{1
, ,}

1.
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong(226019), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨家庭结构与青少年心理健康及健康相关行为的关系，为非双亲家庭青少年心理问题及不良健康相关行为的干预提供依据。方法采取多阶段分层随机整群抽样法，选取江苏省13个地区和城市18 700名青少年进行心理健康及健康相关行为问卷调查，比较不同家庭结构间青少年心理健康及健康相关行为的差异。结果青少年双亲家庭占82.1%，单亲母亲家庭占8.6%，单亲父亲家庭占4.0%，父母双方缺位家庭占5.3%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，在控制了年龄、城乡、性别、学段及地区后，以双亲家庭青少年为参照，单亲母亲家庭青少年的抑郁症状(OR=1.31)、社交焦虑(OR=1.15)及校园受欺凌(OR=1.36)发生率显著增加；与双亲家庭青少年相比，非双亲家庭青少年不良健康相关行为的发生显著增加，其中单亲母亲家庭青少年的健康饮食行为发生率显著减少(OR=0.81)，吸烟行为(OR=1.20)和饮酒行为(OR=1.22)显著增加，中等强度体力活动显著减少(OR=0.84)，每天睡眠时间显著减少(OR=0.87)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论非双亲家庭结构下青少年心理问题及健康相关行为与双亲家庭相比显著增加，其中单亲母亲家庭青少年的心理问题及不良健康相关行为的发生尤为突出。
- 家庭 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To explore the associations of family structure with adolescent mental health and health-associated behaviors, to support interventions to decrease the occurrence of psychological problems and adverse health-associated behaviors among adolescents in families without two parents. Methods The multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 18 700 adolescents of the 13 districts and cities from Jiangsu Province for a questionnaire survey on mental health and health-associated behaviors, to compare differences in mental health and health-associated behaviors among adolescents with different family structures. Results Among the adolescents, 82.1% had two-parent families, 8.6% had single-mother families, 4.0% had single-father families, and 5.3% had families with both parents absent. After controlling for age, urban/rural areas, gender, academic period and region, Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that compared with adolescents from two-parent families, the incidence of depression, social anxiety and bullying on campus of adolescents with single-mother families increased significantly(OR=1.31, 1.15, 1.36, P < 0.05). Compared with adolescents in two-parent families, adolescents in families without two parents had significantly more types of health risk behaviors, and those in single-mother families had significantly less frequent intake of a healthful diet(OR=0.81), significantly more smoking(OR=1.20), drinking behaviors(OR=1.22), and significantly less moderate intensity physical activity (OR=0.84) and shorter duration of sleep(OR=0.87)(P < 0.05). Conclusion Psychological and health-associated problems were significantly higher among adolescents in families without two parents than in those with two-parent families. Psychological problems and adverse health-associated behaviors were particularly prominent among adolescents in single-mother families.
- Family /
- Mental health /
- Behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent

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表 1 青少年基本特征构成在不同家庭结构间比较

Table 1. Comparion of the basic composition of adolescent characteristics among different family structures

基本特征	选项	双亲家庭(n=15 358)	单亲母亲家庭(n=1 599)	单亲父亲家庭(n=746)	父母双方缺位家庭(n=997)	χ²值	P值
性别	男	7 901(51.4)	763(47.7)	378(50.7)	523(52.5)	8.83	0.03
	女	7 457(48.6)	836(52.3)	368(49.3)	474(47.5)
城乡	城市	9 862(64.2)	856(53.5)	374(50.1)	372(37.3)	376.69	< 0.01
	农村	5 496(35.8)	743(46.5)	372(49.9)	625(62.7)
地区	苏南	5 944(38.7)	436(27.3)	293(39.3)	168(16.9)	270.72	< 0.01
	苏中	3 922(25.5)	502(31.4)	180(24.1)	306(30.7)
	苏北	5 492(35.8)	661(41.3)	273(36.6)	523(52.5)
学段	初中	7 602(49.5)	809(50.6)	437(58.6)	599(60.1)	62.25	< 0.01
	高中	7 756(50.5)	790(49.4)	309(41.4)	398(39.9)
校园受欺凌	是	1 183(7.7)	158(9.9)	68(9.1)	96(9.6)	14.25	< 0.01
	否	14 175(92.3)	1 441(90.1)	678(90.9)	901(90.4)
抑郁症状	是	4 307(28.0)	548(34.3)	243(32.6)	331(33.2)	41.53	< 0.01
	否	11 051(72.0)	1 051(65.7)	503(67.4)	666(66.8)
社交焦虑水平	低	11 655(75.9)	1 160(72.5)	557(74.7)	736(73.8)	10.55	0.01
	高	3 703(24.1)	439(27.5)	189(25.3)	261(26.2)
健康饮食行为	是	8 104(52.8)	735(46.0)	321(43.0)	355(35.6)	148.79	< 0.01
	否	7 254(47.2)	864(54.0)	425(57.0)	642(64.4)
高能饮食行为	是	7 739(50.4)	797(49.8)	349(46.8)	465(46.6)	8.54	0.04
	否	7 619(49.6)	802(50.2)	397(53.2)	532(53.4)
吸烟行为	是	1 460(9.5)	184(11.5)	97(13.0)	142(14.2)	35.29	< 0.01
	否	13 898(90.5)	1 415(88.5)	649(87.0)	855(85.8)
饮酒行为	是	4 686(30.5)	546(34.1)	266(35.7)	318(31.9)	16.93	< 0.01
	否	10 672(69.5)	1 053(65.9)	480(64.3)	679(68.1)
中等强度体力活动	是	5 794(37.7)	540(33.8)	267(35.8)	364(36.5)	10.68	0.01
	否	9 564(62.3)	1 059(66.2)	479(64.2)	633(63.5)
上网时间/(h·d^-1)	≥2	2 645(17.2)	292(18.3)	190(25.5)	265(26.6)	83.54	< 0.01
	< 2	12 713(82.8)	1 307(81.7)	556(74.5)	732(73.4)
睡眠时间/(h·d^-1)	≥8	5 141(33.5)	475(29.7)	277(37.1)	376(37.7)	22.68	< 0.01
	< 8	10 217(66.5)	1 124(70.3)	469(62.9)	621(62.3)
注：()内数字为构成比/%

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表 2 分析[OR值(OR值95%CI)，n=18 700]

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of adolescent mental health with different family structures[OR(OR 95%CI), n=18 700]

自变量	抑郁症状	社交焦虑	校园受欺凌
单亲母亲家庭	1.31(1.18~1.47)^*	1.15(1.03~1.30)^*	1.36(1.14~1.62)^*
单亲父亲家庭	1.28(1.09~1.50)^*	1.08(0.91~1.28)	1.19(0.92~1.54)
父母双方缺位家庭	1.30(1.13~1.50)^*	1.10(0.95~1.28)	1.28(1.02~1.60)^*
注：*P < 0.05；自变量以双亲家庭为参照组。

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表 3 不同家庭结构青少年健康相关行为Logistic回归分析[OR值(OR值95%CI)，n=18 700]

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of the health behaviors of adolescents with different family structures[OR(OR 95%CI), n=18 700]

自变量	高能饮食行为	健康饮食行为	每天上网时间≥2 h	吸烟行为	饮酒行为	中等强度体力活动	每天睡眠时间≥8 h
单亲母亲家庭	1.02(0.92~1.13)	0.81(0.73~0.90)^*	1.10(0.96~1.26)	1.20(1.01~1.42)^*	1.22(1.09~1.37)^*	0.84(0.76~0.94)^*	0.87(0.77~0.98)^*
单亲父亲家庭	0.91(0.78~1.13)	0.64(0.56~0.75)^*	1.76(1.48~2.09)^*	1.56(1.24~1.95)^*	1.38(1.18~1.62)^*	0.88(0.75~1.02)	1.09(0.92~1.28)
父母双方缺位家庭	0.97(0.85~1.10)	0.53(0.46~0.61)^*	1.89(1.62~2.19)^*	1.51(1.25~1.84)^*	1.15(0.99~1.33)	0.90(0.78~1.03)	1.15(0.99~1.32)
注：*P < 0.05；自变量以双亲家庭为参照组。

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