深圳市中小学生含糖饮料认知现状及其影响因素

张双霞; 李艳艳; 熊静帆; 李妍; 姚平

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.012

深圳市中小学生含糖饮料认知现状及其影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.012

张双霞¹,
李艳艳²,
熊静帆²,
李妍²,
姚平^{1, 3, ,}

1.
新疆石河子大学医学院，832000
2.
深圳市慢性病防治中心儿童青少年慢性病防控科
3.
华中科技大学同济医学院

基金项目:

深圳市基础研究资助项目 KCXFZ20201221173400002

详细信息

作者简介:
张双霞(1997-)，女，甘肃甘谷人，在读硕士，主要从事儿童青少年慢性病与营养健康工作

通讯作者:
姚平，E-mail：yaoping@mails.tjmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R193 R179 G78
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-14
- 修回日期: 2022-12-28
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-25

Sugar-sweetened beverages knowledge and associated factors among primary and middle school students in Shenzhen

1.
Medical College, Shihezi University School, Shihezi(832000), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析深圳市中小学生对含糖饮料的认知现状及其影响因素，为加强中小学生营养健康教育提供科学依据。方法按照深圳市行政区属划分，在各区属采用随机数字表法和方便抽样法，从深圳市中小学生中抽取40 135名6~18岁学生作为研究对象，收集其基本信息，调查其对含糖饮料的认知及相关影响因素等。结果中小学生含糖饮料认知得分 < 60，60~79，80~100分分别占5.6%，41.9%和52.4%。多因素线性回归分析结果显示，年级(四至六、初中、高中)、性别(女生)、父亲文化水平(高中或中专、大专、本科、硕士及以上)、母亲文化水平(高中或中专、大专、本科、硕士及以上)、关注配料表(偶尔、无)、家长劝阻或奖励行为(仅强制劝阻、几乎不劝阻，偶尔奖励、无奖励)、家中储备饮料情况(偶尔、无)与学生含糖饮料总认知得分均有相关关系(β值分别为-0.79，-1.19，-1.74，0.58，1.20，1.81，2.98，3.13，2.70，4.85，6.34，6.41，-0.99，-0.78，-1.81，-2.40，5.85，6.26，0.61，1.92，P值均 < 0.05)。年级(四至六、初中、高中)、性别(女)、父亲文化水平(大专、本科、硕士及以上)、母亲文化水平(高中或中专、大专、本科、硕士及以上)、家长劝阻行为(几乎不劝阻)、家长奖励行为(偶尔、无)、家中储备饮料情况(偶尔、无)与学生含乳饮料认知得分均相关(β值分别为-0.68，-0.92，-0.49，0.26，0.51，1.05，1.09，0.90，1.93，2.62，2.55，-0.68，0.93，1.13，0.21，0.92，P值均 < 0.05)。结论深圳市中小学生对含糖饮料的整体认知水平中等或较好。应针对性地加强学生及家长关于含糖饮料相关知识的宣教，同时减少家庭含糖饮料的可得性。
- 碳水化合物 /
- 饮料 /
- 认知 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the status of sugar-sweetened beverages(SSBs) and its associated factors among primary and middle school students in Shenzhen, providing reference for nutrition and health education. Methods A random number table and convenience sampling method was used to select 40 135 primary and middle school students aged 6-18 years in Shenzhen. Data was collected to investigate their SSBs knowledge and associated factors. Results The proportion of SSBs knowledge score less than 60 points, between 60-79 points and 80-100 points were 5.6%, 41.9% and 52.4%. Multivariate analysis showed that age(4-6 grade, junior middle and high school), gender(female), parents education(high school or vocational schools, colleges and universities as bachelors, masters or doctors), students pay attention to the ingredient list (seldom, none), parental dissuasion or reward behavior (only forced dissuasion, giving no dissuasion, occasional reward, no reward), and the storing beverages at home (seldom, none) were associated with total SSBs knowledge score and milk-containing beverage knowledge score (β=-0.79, -1.19, -1.74, 0.58, 1.20, 1.81, 2.98, 3.13, 2.70, 4.85, 6.34, 6.41, -0.99, -0.78, -1.81, -2.40, 5.85, 6.26, 0.61, 1.92, P < 0.05). Age(4-6 grade, junior middle and high school), gender(female), father's education background(with colleges and universities as bachelor, masters or doctors), mother's education background(high schools or vocational schools, colleges and universities as bachelors, masters or doctors), parents dissuation behaviors(giving no dissuation), parents' rewarding behavior(seldom, none), storing beverages at home(seldom, none) were associated with the total SSBs knowledge score and milk-containing beverage knowledge score(β=-0.68, -0.92, -0.49, 0.26, 0.51, 1.05, 1.09, 0.90, 1.93, 2.62, 2.55, -0.68, 0.93, 1.13, 0.21, 0.92, P < 0.05). Conclusion Primary and middle school students have moderate to high level of SSBs knowledge. It is necessary for students and their parents to learn more SSBs related nutrition healthy knowledge, and to reduce home availability of SSBs.
- Carbohydrates /
- Beverages /
- Cognition /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 深圳市不同组别中小学生含糖饮料认知得分的分布比较

Table 1. Distribution characteristics of knowledge score of sugar-sweetened beverages for different groups in Shenzhen

组别	选项	人数	<60分	60~79分	80~100分	χ²值	P值
性别	男	21 577	1 286(6.0)	9 255(42.9)	11 036(51.1)	33.60	<0.01
	女	18 558	976(5.3)	7 575(40.8)	10 007(53.9)
年级	小学一至三	15 541	731(4.7)	6 010(38.7)	8 800(56.6)	283.54	<0.01
	小学四至六	13 369	748(5.6)	5 689(42.6)	6 932(51.9)
	初中	9 588	623(6.5)	4 353(45.4)	4 612(48.1)
	高中	1 637	160(9.8)	778(47.5)	699(42.7)
父亲文化水平	初中及以下	6 930	831(12.0)	3 743(54.0)	2 356(34.0)	2 443.56	<0.01
	高中或中专	10 225	653(6.4)	4 972(48.6)	4 600(45.0)
	大专	8 054	369(4.6)	3 286(40.8)	4 399(54.6)
	本科	11 558	327(2.8)	3 816(33.0)	7 415(64.2)
	硕士及以上	3 368	82(2.4)	1 013(30.1)	2 273(67.5)
母亲文化水平	初中及以下	8 142	1 003(12.3)	4 472(54.9)	2 667(32.8)	2 919.70	<0.01
	高中或中专	9 903	594(6.0)	4 756(48.0)	4 553(46.0)
	大专	9 921	358(3.6)	3 839(38.7)	5 724(57.7)
	本科	10 057	247(2.5)	3 147(31.3)	6 663(66.3)
	硕士及以上	2 112	60(2.8)	616(29.2)	1 436(68.0)
关注配料表	经常	11 300	642(5.7)	4 520(40.0)	6 138(54.3)	124.79	<0.01
	偶尔	15 918	1 013(6.4)	7 066(44.4)	7 839(49.2)
	无	12 917	607(4.7)	5 244(40.6)	7 066(54.7)
关注营养标签	经常	11 746	745(6.3)	4 783(40.7)	6 218(52.9)	107.03	<0.01
	偶尔	15 673	958(6.1)	6 874(43.9)	7 841(50.0)
	无	12 716	559(4.4)	5 173(40.7)	6 984(54.9)
家长饮用含糖饮料的频率	经常	2 399	160(6.7)	976(40.7)	1 263(52.6)	30.72	<0.01
	偶尔	23 664	1 335(5.6)	10 158(42.9)	12 171(51.4)
	无	14 072	767(5.5)	5 696(40.5)	7 609(54.1)
购买/饮用含糖饮料时家长进行劝阻	告知原因劝阻	35 913	1 860(5.2)	14 868(41.4)	19 185(53.4)	213.64	<0.01
	仅强制劝阻	1 390	131(9.4)	640(46.0)	619(44.5)
	几乎不劝阻	2 832	271(9.6)	1 322(46.7)	1 239(43.8)
家长将饮料作为奖励	经常	549	112(20.4)	236(43.0)	201(36.6)	275.43	<0.01
	偶尔	16 479	980(5.9)	7 078(43.0)	8 421(51.1)
	无	23 107	1 170(5.1)	9 516(41.2)	12 421(53.8)
家中饮料储备	经常	6 944	485(7.0)	2 908(41.9)	3 551(51.1)	151.09	<0.01
	偶尔	18 585	1 097(5.9)	8 181(44.0)	9 307(50.1)
	无	14 606	680(4.7)	5 741(39.3)	8 185(56.0)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 深圳市中小学生含糖饮料认知得分的多因素广义线性模型(n=40 135)

Table 2. Multivariate generalized linear models of knowledge score of sugar-sweetened beverages among primary and middle school students in Shenzhen (n=40 135)

自变量	选项	认知总得分		含乳饮料得分
自变量	选项	β值(β值95%CI)	P值	β值(β值95%CI)	P值
年级	小学四至六	-0.79(-1.02~-0.55)	<0.01	-0.68(-0.83~-0.53)	<0.01
	初中	-1.19(-1.45~-0.93)	<0.01	-0.92(-1.09~-0.75)	<0.01
	高中	-1.74(-2.26~-1.22)	<0.01	-0.49(-0.82~-0.15)	<0.01
性别	女	0.58(0.38~0.78)	<0.01	0.26(0.13~0.38)	<0.01
父亲文化水平	高中或中专	1.20(0.85~1.55)	<0.01	0.11(-0.12~0.33)	0.35
	大专	1.81(1.41~2.20)	<0.01	0.51(0.25~0.76)	<0.01
	本科	2.98(2.57~3.40)	<0.01	1.05(0.79~1.32)	<0.01
	硕士及以上	3.13(2.59~3.68)	<0.01	1.09(0.74~1.44)	<0.01
母亲文化水平	高中或中专	2.70(2.35~3.04)	<0.01	0.90(0.68~1.12)	<0.01
	大专	4.85(4.48~5.22)	<0.01	1.93(1.69~2.17)	<0.01
	本科	6.34(5.93~6.76)	<0.01	2.62(2.35~2.89)	<0.01
	硕士及以上	6.41(5.81~7.02)	<0.01	2.55(2.16~2.94)	<0.01
关注配料表	偶尔	-0.99(-1.33~-0.66)	<0.01	-0.21(-0.43~0.01)	0.05
	无	-0.78(-1.21~-0.36)	<0.01	0.03(-0.24~0.30)	0.83
关注营养标签	偶尔	0.31(-0.02~0.65)	0.06	-0.15(-0.37~0.06)	0.16
	无	0.45(-0.21~1.04)	0.15	-0.07(-0.34~0.20)	0.63
家长饮用含糖饮料的频	偶尔	-0.17(-0.61~0.27)	0.44	-0.20(-0.49~0.08)	0.16
	无	-0.29(-0.76~0.18)	0.22	-0.11(-0.41~0.20)	0.49
购买/饮用含糖饮料时家长	仅强制劝阻	-1.81(-2.35~-1.27)	<0.01	-0.17(-0.52~0.18)	0.34
进行劝阻	几乎不劝阻	-2.40(-2.79~-2.01)	<0.01	-0.68(-0.93~-0.42)	<0.01
家长将饮料作为奖励	偶尔	5.85(4.98~6.71)	<0.01	0.93(0.37~1.49)	<0.01
	无	6.26(5.39~7.12)	<0.01	1.13(0.57~1.68)	<0.01
家中饮料储备	偶尔	0.61(0.32~0.89)	<0.01	0.21(0.02~0.39)	0.03
	无	1.92(1.61~2.23)	<0.01	0.92(0.72~1.12)	<0.01

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