青少年生活目标感与抑郁症状及年级的关系

吴凝; 周婷; 黄峥

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.010

青少年生活目标感与抑郁症状及年级的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.010

吴凝^{1, 2},
周婷³,
黄峥^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国科学院心理健康重点实验室/中国科学院心理研究所，北京 100101
2.
中国科学院大学心理学系
3.
北京大学医学人文学院医学心理学系

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金项目 17BSH096

中国青少年发展基金会梅赛德斯-奔驰星愿基金项目 H21032

详细信息

作者简介:
吴凝(1988-)，女，北京市人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为青少年心理健康

通讯作者:
黄峥，E-mail：huangz@psych.ac.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: B844.2 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-01
- 修回日期: 2023-03-12
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-25

Relationship between adolescents' sense of life purpose and depression: the moderating role of grade

WU Ning^{1, 2},
ZHOU Ting³,
HUANG Zheng^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing(100101), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨青少年生活目标感与抑郁症状的关系以及年级的调节作用，为了解中国青少年生活目标感的现状提供实证依据。方法采用方便整群抽样方法在河北、云南共选取1 627名四至九年级青少年为研究对象，采用儿童抑郁障碍自评量表、青少年目标问卷进行调查。运用分层回归进行调节效应分析，并进行简单斜率检验。结果不同性别、母亲受教育程度、父亲受教育程度、自评家庭经济水平、学习成绩的青少年抑郁得分差异均有统计学意义(t/F值分别为-2.70，3.62，2.82，13.67，13.81，P值均 < 0.01)，不同母亲受教育程度、父亲受教育程度、自评家庭经济水平、学习成绩的青少年生活目标感得分差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为3.24，4.27，7.50，9.39，P值均 < 0.01)。相关分析表明，青少年生活目标感与抑郁症状呈负相关(r=-0.38，P < 0.01)。分层回归模型结果显示，青少年生活目标感负向预测抑郁症状(β=-0.19，t=-5.93，P < 0.01)，年级在生活目标感和抑郁症状之间起调节作用(β=-0.34，t=-7.54，P < 0.01)。简单斜率结果显示，小学组(四至六年级)、初中组(七至九年级)抑郁水平均随生活目标感提高而降低(β值分别为-0.19，-0.53；t值分别为-5.93，-16.15；P值均 < 0.01)，其中初中组降低的幅度更大。结论青少年生活目标感可负向预测抑郁症状，年级调节了生活目标感与抑郁症状的关系，相对于四至六年级小学生，初中生生活目标感的提高对抑郁症状的保护作用更突出。
- 抑郁 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 目标感 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective Exploring the relationship between adolescents' sense of life purpose and depression as well as the moderating effect of grade, in order to provide evidence for the situation of sense of life purpose among Chinese adolescents. Methods A total of 1 627 adolescents from grade 4 to 9 in Hebei and Yunnan provinces were selected as the research subjects by using convenient cluster sampling method. The survey was conducted by using the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children and the Revised Youth Purpose Survey, and stratified regression was used for moderating effect analysis with a simple slope test. Results There were statistically significant differences in the score of depression among adolescents of different genders, mother's education level, father's education level, family economy and academic performances(t/F=-2.70, 3.62, 2.82, 13.67, 13.81, P < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the score of sense of life purpose among adolescents of different mother's education level, father's education level, family economy and academic performances(F=3.24, 4.27, 7.50, 9.39, P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that adolescents' sense of life purpose was significantly negatively correlated with depression(r=-0.38, P < 0.01). Hierarchical regression model results showed that adolescents' sense of life purpose significantly negatively predicted depression(β=-0.19, t=-5.93, P < 0.01). Grade played a moderating role between adolescents' sense of life purpose and depression(β=-0.34, t=-7.54, P < 0.01). The simple slope test showed that depression decreased as the sense of life purpose increased in primary school students(grades 4-6) and in middle school students(grades 7-9), and the decrease of the middle school students was greater(β=-0.19, -0.53, t=-5.93, -16.15, P < 0.01). Conclusion The sense of life purpose negatively predicted depression of adolescents, and grade moderated the relationship between the sense of life purpose and depression. Compared with students in grades 4-6, the improvement of life purpose of middle school students have a more significant protective effect on depression.
- Depression /
- Mental health /
- Sense of purpose /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
注释:

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表 1 不同人口统计学特征青少年抑郁及生活目标感得分比较(x ± s)

Table 1. Comparison of adolescents' depression and life purpose scores for different demographic characteristics(x ± s)

人口统计学指标	选项	人数	统计值	抑郁	生活目标感	人口统计学指标	选项	人数	统计值	抑郁	生活目标感
性别	男	755		11.53±6.04	29.52±7.04	父亲受教育程度	小学以下	34		13.91±5.99	27.79±6.89
	女	872		12.37±6.47	29.63±7.09		小学	296		12.39±5.65	30.05±6.99
			t值	-2.70	-0.30		初中	634		11.59±6.39	29.62±7.11
			P值	0.01	0.76		高中与中专	275		12.16±6.84	29.53±7.30
年级	四至六	926		11.78±5.88	29.25±7.44		大专	63		10.65±6.34	30.79±6.42
	七至九	701		12.24±6.79	29.83±6.76		本科及以上	61		10.46±5.81	32.55±7.09
			t值	-1.46	-1.64		不知道	264		12.69±6.12	28.27±6.68
			P值	0.15	0.10				F值	2.82	4.27
是否独生子女	是	231		11.83±7.21	29.18±7.62				P值	0.01	< 0.01
	否	1 396		12.00±6.12	29.64±6.97	自评家庭经济水平	宽裕	98		9.69±6.31	31.48±8.12
			t值	-0.35	-0.92		中等	1 070		11.60±6.22	29.85±6.91
			P值	0.73	0.36		中下	301		13.62±6.37	28.08±7.19
母亲受教育程度	小学以下	123		13.26±5.55	28.58±7.09		困难	158		12.80±5.78	29.41±6.77
	小学	349		12.31±5.89	29.86±6.50				F值	13.67	7.50
	初中	570		11.65±6.28	29.96±7.32				P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
	高中与中专	229		11.00±6.85	29.76±7.00	学习成绩	前10名	365		10.66±6.36	30.87±7.09
	大专	47		10.62±7.68	29.57±7.41		中等	806		11.80±6.30	29.67±7.01
	本科及以上	56		11.39±6.72	31.66±7.74		后10名	200		12.90±5.49	28.96±6.82
	不知道	253		12.92±6.05	28.20±6.87		不知道	256		13.71±6.26	27.93±7.06
			F值	3.62	3.24				F值	13.81	9.39
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01				P值	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 2 年级在青少年生活目标感和抑郁之间的调节效应(n=1 627)

Table 2. The moderating effect of grade on the relationship between life purpose and depression of adolescents(n=1 627)

层次	自变量	β值(95%CI)	t值	R²值	△R²值	F值
1	生活目标感	-0.35(-0.40~-0.31)	-15.11^**	0.18	0.12	16.80^**
	年级	0.02	0.50
2	生活目标感	-0.19(-0.25~-0.13)	-5.93^**	0.21	0.03	19.18^**
	年级	0.03	0.63
	生活目标感×年级	-0.34(-0.43~-0.25)	-7.54^**
注：** P < 0.01；年级以四至六年级为参照。

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