青少年体能状况与抑郁症状的关联

周剑锋; 卢金逵; 干敏雷; 尹小俭; 吴慧攀; 马渊源; 张祥; 李勇; 张颖坤; 李非凡; 刘媛

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.004

青少年体能状况与抑郁症状的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.004

周剑锋¹,
卢金逵¹,
干敏雷²,
尹小俭^3, ,,
吴慧攀⁴,
马渊源⁴,
张祥⁴,
李勇⁵,
张颖坤⁶,
李非凡⁵,
刘媛⁷

1.
上饶师范学院体育学院，江西 334001
2.
华东政法大学体育部
3.
上海应用技术大学经济与管理学院
4.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心
5.
太原工业学院体育系
6.
山西医科大学公共卫生学院
7.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金2021年一般项目 21BTY121

详细信息

作者简介:
周剑锋(1976-)，男，江西玉山人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为学生体质健康

通讯作者:
尹小俭，E-mail：xjyin1965@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突
中图分类号: G804.49 B844.2 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2011-11-07
- 修回日期: 2023-04-10
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-25

Correlation between physical fitness condition and depressive symptoms in adolescents

1.
School of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao(334001), Jiangxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究青少年体能状况与抑郁症状的关联，为青少年抑郁症状的早期预防和干预提供参考依据。方法于2021年9—12月，在上海、乌鲁木齐、长沙、昆明4市采用随机整群抽样方法抽取8 102名青少年，运用《流调中心用抑郁量表》(CES-D)进行抑郁症状调查，并完成握力、立定跳远、50 m跑、改良坐位体前屈、20 s反复横跨、30 s仰卧起坐、20 m往返跑(20 m SRT)测试，并计算体能指数(PFI)。采用χ²检验、Gamma法及Logistic回归分析等方法对PFI与抑郁症状的关系进行分析。结果高等级PFI青少年抑郁症状总体检出率为23.4%，低等级检出率为26.3%，差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.73，P=0.01)。高中组(G=0.09)和男生组(G=0.12)PFI与抑郁症状存在正相关(P值均 < 0.05)，而初中组和女生组关联无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。Logistic回归模型在调整性别和年龄后，低PFI者的抑郁症状产生风险为高PFI的1.18倍(95%CI=1.05~1.33)。结论青少年体能状况与抑郁症状相关，低PFI青少年产生抑郁症状的风险高于高PFI者。
- 体质 /
- 抑郁 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年 /
- 精神卫生
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between adolescents' physical fitness and depressive symptoms, and to provide reference for the early prevention and intervention of depressive symptoms and improvement of physical fitness in Chinese adolescents. Methods From September to December 2021, a total of 8 102 adolescents were selected by random cluster sampling method in Shanghai, Urumqi, Changsha and Kunming. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was used to investigate the depressive symptoms, and completed grip strength, standing long jump, 50 m running, modified sitting forward flexion, 20 s repeated traverse, 30 s sit-ups, 20 m round-trip running (20 m SRT) test. χ² test, Goodman-Kruskal Gamma and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between physical fitness index(PFI) and depressive symptoms. Results The overall detection rate of depressive symptoms in adolescents with high level PFI was 23.4%, and the detection rate of low level adolescents was 26.3%, with a statistically significant difference (χ²=6.73, P=0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between PFI and depressive symptoms in the high school group (G=0.09, P < 0.05) and the boy group (G=0.12, P < 0.05), and there was no significant association between PFI and depressive symptoms in the junior high school group and the girl group (P>0.05). After adjusting for gender and age in the Logistic regression model, compared with those with high PFI, the risk of depressive symptoms in those with low PFI was 1.18 times (95%CI=1.05-1.33). Conclusion There is a correlation between physical fitness and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Adolescents with low PFI are at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms than those with high PFI.
- Body constitution /
- Depression /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent /
- Mental health
注释:

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表 1 不同PFI等级各学段男女青少年抑郁症状检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of detection rates for depressive symptoms among male and female adolescents of different academic period with different PFI

性别	PFI等级	统计值	初中		高中		合计
性别	PFI等级	统计值	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数
男	低		1 496	285(19.1)	1 549	389(25.1)	3 045	674(22.1)
	高		499	76(15.2)	516	105(20.3)	1 015	181(17.8)
		χ²值		3.69		4.83		8.48
		P值		0.06		0.03		< 0.01
女	低		1 495	420(28.1)	1 537	505(32.9)	3 032	925(30.5)
	高		498	137(27.5)	512	156(30.5)	1 010	293(29.0)
		χ²值		0.06		1.00		0.81
		P值		0.80		0.32		0.37
合计	低		2 991	705(23.6)	3 086	894(29.0)	6 077	1 599(26.3)
	高		997	213(21.4)	1 028	261(25.4)	2 025	474(23.4)
		χ²值		2.06		4.90		6.73
		P值		0.15		0.03		0.01
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 各学段不同PFI组青少年抑郁症状程度分布

Table 2. Effects of different PFI on the degree of depressive symptoms among adolescents

学段	PFI	男生					女生					合计
学段	PFI	人数	无	可能	很可能	严重	人数	无	可能	很可能	严重	人数	无	可能	很可能	严重
初中	低	1 496	1 211(80.9)	140(9.4)	54(3.6)	91(6.1)	1 495	1 075(71.9)	163(10.9)	100(6.7)	157(10.5)	2 991	2 286(76.4)	303(10.1)	154(5.1)	248(8.3)
	高	499	423(84.8)	33(6.6)	22(4.4)	21(4.2)	498	361(72.5)	57(11.4)	26(5.2)	54(10.8)	997	784(78.6)	90(9.0)	48(4.8)	75(7.5)
高中	低	1 549	1 160(74.9)	175(11.3)	97(6.3)	117(7.6)	1 537	1 032(67.1)	213(13.9)	121(7.9)	171(11.1)	3 086	2 192(71.0)	388(12.6)	218(7.1)	288(9.3)
	高	516	411(79.7)	47(9.1)	24(4.7)	34(6.6)	512	356(69.5)	83(16.2)	36(7.0)	37(7.2)	1 028	767(74.6)	130(12.6)	60(5.8)	71(6.9)
合计	低	3 045	2 371(77.9)	315(10.3)	151(5.0)	208(6.8)	3 032	2 107(69.5)	376(12.4)	221(7.3)	328(10.8)	6 077	4 478(73.7)	691(11.4)	372(6.1)	536(8.8)
	高	1 015	834(82.2)	80(7.9)	46(4.5)	55(5.4)	1 010	717(71.0)	140(13.9)	62(6.1)	91(9.0)	2 025	1 551(76.6)	220(10.9)	108(5.3)	146(7.2)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 3 青少年抑郁症状检出率单因素分析

Table 3. Single-factor analysis of the detection rate of depressive symptom among adolescents

自变量	选项	人数	抑郁症状	χ²值	P值
性别	男	4 060	855(21.1)	87.60	< 0.01
	女	4 042	1 218(30.1)
年龄/岁	12	1 354	280(20.7)	43.88	< 0.01
	13	1 325	320(24.2)
	14	1 309	318(24.3)
	15	1 371	358(26.1)
	16	1 385	373(26.9)
	17	1 358	424(31.2)
BMI	消瘦	280	62(22.1)	2.00	0.57
	正常	5 730	1 473(25.7)
	超重	1 462	380(26.0)
	肥胖	630	158(25.1)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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