银川市城区小学生身体姿态异常及相关因素分析

殷鼎; 王慧; 翟锁

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.04.027

银川市城区小学生身体姿态异常及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.04.027

殷鼎¹,
王慧^2, ,,
翟锁³

1.
宁夏医科大学体育部，银川 750004
2.
宁夏医科大学总医院麻醉科
3.
宁夏医科大学公共卫生与管理学院

基金项目:

宁夏医科大学特殊人才启动项目 XT2021007

详细信息

作者简介:
殷鼎(1985-)，男，宁夏银川人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为儿童青少年体质与健康

通讯作者:
王慧，E-mail：309271165@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R726.8 R153.2 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-27
- 修回日期: 2022-12-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-25

Related factors of abnormal body posture among urban primary school students in Yinchuan

YIN Ding¹,
WANG Hui^{2
, ,},
ZHAI Suo³

1.
Department of Physical Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan(750004), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解银川市城区小学生身体姿态异常发生率及影响因素，为小学生身体姿态异常防治工作提供依据。方法采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，抽取银川市城区9所学校的1 947名7~12岁小学生为研究对象，采用Body Style(Model.S-8.0)仪器进行身体姿态异常筛查，并自行设计问卷调查相关因素。结果银川市城区小学生身体姿态综合评分为(22.07±2.87)分，异常检出率为71.29%；身体姿态异常检出率在性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)上组间差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为9.84，13.47，6.46，P值均 < 0.05)，具体表现为女童(73.54%)高于男童(69.07%)；7~8岁(68.24%)低于9~10岁(72.17%)和11~12岁(73.54%)；肥胖儿童异常检出率(74.91%)高于超重(72.64%)和正常(70.28%)儿童。不良体态指标中，高低肩(40.73%)、骨盆前倾(39.39%)、X/O型腿(38.57%)的检出率较高；总体身体姿态异常分级的构成，表现出轻度(54.32%)高于中度(37.82%)和重度(7.85%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，女生(OR=1.23)、年龄增高(9~10岁OR=1.89，11~12岁OR=2.48)、超重(OR=1.39)和肥胖(OR=2.34)、偶尔参加体育锻炼(OR=2.96)、每天运动时长＜30 min(OR=2.77)、每天视屏时长≥2 h(OR=2.84)、几乎不食用乳制品(OR=1.79)、几乎不食用鱼肉(OR=1.77)、几乎不食用蔬菜(OR=2.14)、每天都喝碳酸饮料(OR=2.97)、每天睡眠时长＜6 h(OR=2.56)是小学生身体姿态发育的相关因素(P值均＜0.05)。结论银川市城区小学生身体姿态异常较为严重，与体育锻炼及时长、营养、视屏和睡眠时长等有关，需要引起足够重视。
- 体型 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of abnormal body posture among urban primary school students in Yinchuan City, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of abnormal body posture. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select 1 947 urban primary school students aged 7-12 years from 9 schools in Yinchuan City. Body Style(Model.S-8.0) instrument was used to screen abnormal body posture and questionnaire was designed to investigate related factors. Results The comprehensive body posture score of urban primary school students in Yinchuan City was(22.07±2.87), and the detection rate of abnormal posturing was 71.29%;which varied significantly by gender, age, body mass index (BMI)(χ²=9.84, 13.47, 6.46, P < 0.05). Specially, the rate of girls (73.54%) was higher than that of boys(69.07%); the abnormal rate of children aged 7-8(68.24%) was lower than that of 9-10(72.17%) and 11-12(73.54%); obese children (74.91%) was higher than that of overweight (72.64%) and normal weight children(70.28%). The high and low shoulders (40.73%), pelvis forward (39.39%) and X/O legs (38.57%) were the most common indicators of abnormal posture; the composition of the overall body posture abnormalities was higher in mild (54.32%) than moderate (37.82%) and severe (7.85%).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls(OR=1.23), being older(9-10 years old OR=1.89, 11-12 years old OR=2.48), overweight (OR=1.39) and obesity(OR=2.34), occasionally participate in physical exercise (OR=2.96), exercise duration < 30 minutes daily (OR=2.77), video duration ≥2 h daily (OR=2.84), almost no dairy products (OR=1.79), almost no food Fish consumption (OR=1.77), almost no vegetables (OR=2.14), drinking carbonated beverages daily (OR=2.97), and sleeping time < 6 h daily (OR=2.56) were the related factors of body posture development of urban primary school students(P < 0.05). Conclusion The abnormal body posture of urban primary school students in Yinchuan City is prevalent, which is related to the timely length of physical exercise, nutrition, video screen and sleep duration, and should be paid enough attention.
- Somatotypes /
- Growth and development /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别小学生身体姿态异常检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of abnormal body posture detection rates of primary school students in different groups

组别	选项	人数	异常人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	983	679(69.07)	9.84	0.01
	女	964	709(73.54)
年龄/岁	7~8	658	449(68.24)	13.47	0.03
	9~10	654	472(72.17)
	11~12	635	467(73.54)
BMI	正常	1 376	967(70.28)	6.46	0.02
	超重	296	215(72.64)
	肥胖	275	206(74.91)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 小学生各类型身体姿态异常检出情况(n=1 947)

Table 2. Different types of body posture abnormalities detected in primary school students(n=1 947)

不良体态	异常检出人数	分级检出人数
不良体态	异常检出人数	轻度	中度	重度
高低肩	793(40.73)	408(51.45)	318(40.10)	67(8.45)
骨盆前倾	767(39.39)	416(54.24)	294(38.33)	57(7.43)
X/O型腿	751(38.57)	387(51.53)	305(40.61)	59(7.86)
肩胛骨倾斜	726(37.29)	394(54.27)	285(39.26)	47(6.47)
脊柱弯曲	670(34.41)	345(51.49)	268(40.00)	57(8.51)
颈椎前倾	652(33.49)	346(53.07)	256(39.26)	50(7.67)
骨盆侧倾	605(31.07)	340(56.20)	222(36.69)	43(7.11)
总计	1 388(71.29)	754(54.32)	525(37.82)	109(7.85)
注： ()内数字为检出率或构成比/%。

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表 3 小学生身体姿态异常单因素分析

Table 3. Univariate analysis of abnormal body posture of primary school students

因素	选项	人数	异常人数	χ²值	P值
参加体育锻炼	每天	645	255(39.53)	34.71	＜0.01
	经常	720	562(78.06)
	偶尔	582	571(98.11)
每天运动时长/min	< 60	574	271(47.21)	36.59	＜0.01
	30~60	662	425(64.20)
	＜30	711	692(97.33)
乳制品	每天都食用	470	225(47.87)	37.87	＜0.01
	偶尔食用	864	560(64.81)
	几乎不食用	613	603(98.37)
每天视屏时长/h	＜2	656	431(65.70)	24.36	0.01
	≥2	1 291	957(74.13)
鱼肉	每天都食用	478	260(54.39)	28.83	0.01
	偶尔食用	801	543(67.79)
	几乎不食用	668	585(87.57)
蔬菜	每天都食用	611	385(63.01)	26.51	0.01
	偶尔食用	714	463(64.85)
	几乎不食用	622	540(86.82)
碳酸饮料	每天都喝	559	515(92.13)	36.82	＜0.01
	偶尔喝	658	430(65.35)
	几乎不喝	730	443(60.68)
每天睡眠时长/h	≥6	1 189	639(53.74)	39.12	＜0.01
	＜6	758	749(98.81)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 4 小学生身体姿态异常Logistic回归分析(n=1 947)

Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of abnormal body posture of primary school students(n=1 947)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
性别	女	0.79	0.27	6.31	0.01	1.23(1.12~2.61)
年龄/岁	9~10	0.27	0.21	9.85	0.03	1.89(1.73~2.09)
	11~12	0.36	0.24	13.73	0.02	2.48(1.43~2.59)
BMI	超重	0.45	0.28	10.27	0.03	1.39(1.13~1.51)
	肥胖	0.58	0.36	14.61	0.01	2.34(1.97~2.89)
参加体育锻炼	经常	0.40	0.18	6.33	0.11	1.21(1.04~1.37)
	偶尔	0.99	0.49	14.48	＜0.01	2.96(2.31~3.64)
每天运动时长	30~60	0.72	0.40	11.32	0.10	1.87(1.71~2.04)
/min	＜30	0.98	0.47	13.89	0.01	2.77(2.26~3.43)
每天视屏/h	≥2	0.96	0.48	12.83	＜0.01	2.84(2.21~3.71)
乳制品	偶尔食用	0.28	0.15	8.98	0.21	1.24(1.12~1.84)
	几乎不食用	0.79	0.45	11.85	0.02	1.79(1.22~2.53)
鱼肉	偶尔食用	0.36	0.21	12.88	0.17	1.12(0.96~1.23)
	几乎不食用	0.63	0.44	14.64	0.02	1.77(1.23~2.59)
蔬菜	偶尔食用	0.41	0.17	7.91	0.17	1.13(1.04~1.24)
	几乎不食用	0.47	0.41	12.55	0.02	2.14(1.64~3.21)
碳酸饮料	偶尔喝	0.31	0.29	12.98	0.24	1.76(1.56~1.89)
	每天都喝	0.83	0.47	15.86	＜0.01	2.97(2.15~3.78)
每天睡眠/h	＜6	0.74	0.49	11.89	0.01	2.56(1.78~3.25)

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