太原市4所高校学生听力健康筛查及其影响因素

刘爱梅; 周丽媛; 王慧娟

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.04.020

太原市4所高校学生听力健康筛查及其影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.04.020

1.
山西医科大学汾阳学院护理学系, 汾阳 032200
2.
山西医科大学第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科
3.
天津市第一中心医院心内科

基金项目:

2020年山西省大学生创新训练项目 2020788

2020年山西医科大学汾阳学院科技资助项目 2020C02

详细信息

作者简介:
刘爱梅(1979-)，女，山西忻州人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为耳科学基础与临床

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R764 G478.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-01
- 修回日期: 2023-03-05
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-25

Screening for hearing health and associated factors among students from 4 universities in Taiyuan

1.
Department of Nursing, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang(032200), Shanxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解大学生听力健康现状及其影响因素, 为高校及有关部门开展听力保健工作提供依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法, 于2021年3-11月对太原市4所高校1 306名学生进行听力损失筛查及问卷调查, 使用SPSS 19.0统计软件分析数据。结果大学生听力损失筛查阳性率为31.70%, 4 000 Hz阳性者居多, 占51.91%;听力保健相关问题总知晓率为58.96%。Logistic回归分析显示, 耳机日累计使用时间>4 h、耳机单次使用时间>1 h与大学生听力损失筛查阳性呈正相关(OR值分别为1.23, 1.14, P值均 < 0.01), 听力保健认知佳、父母最高学历(本科及以上高中或大专)与大学生听力损失筛查阳性呈负相关(OR值分别为0.54, 0.76, 0.37, P值均 < 0.05)。结论大学生听力保健认知度偏低, 高校和有关部门应采取针对性措施, 做好听力保健工作。
- 听力受损者 /
- 听力筛查 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the current situation of hearing health among college students and associated factors, and to provide a basis for universities and relevant departments to carry out hearing health work. Methods By using stratified random sampling method, 1306 students from 4 universities in Taiyuan were screened for hearing loss and were investigated with a questionnaire from March to November 2021.Data were analyzed by using the SPSS 19.0 statistical. Results The detection rate of hearing loss was 31.70%.The majority (51.91%) failed to pass the 4 000 Hz hearing screening.The total awareness rate of hearing problems was 58.96%.Logistic regression analysis showed that the total daily usage time of earphones >4 h/d, the duration of using earphones >1 h/time were positively correlated with positive screening for hearing loss among college students (OR=1.23, 1.14, P < 0.01), and good awareness of hearing health care and highest education of parents were negatively correlated with positive screening for hearing loss among coollege students (OR=0.54, 0.76, 0.37, P < 0.05). Conclusion The awareness of hearing health care among college students is low.Universities and relevant departments should take targeted measures to provide the best hearing health care services.
- Hearing impaired presons /
- Hearing screening /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 大学生听力保健知识知晓率(n=1 306)

Table 1. College students' cognition of hearing health care(n=1 306)

听力保健常见问题	知晓人数	知晓率/%
有必要定期进行听力评估	1 056	80.86
年轻人的听力也可以提前衰老	939	71.90
至少有一半的听力损失是可以预防的	665	50.92
如果平时有听力突然减退应及时就诊，以防错过最佳治疗时机	538	41.19
每次使用耳机的音量最大不超过耳机最大音量的60%	494	37.83
单次使用耳机听的时间最长不超过1 h	500	38.28
每日累计使用耳机的总时长不超过4 h	460	35.22
耳鸣、听觉过敏等耳部不适有可能是听力减退的相关症状	735	56.28
压力、熬夜、噪声暴露、吸烟饮酒、缺乏锻炼可损伤听力	837	64.09
骨传导耳机虽然不接触耳朵，但也有损伤听力的风险	747	57.20
不正确地擤鼻涕也可能导致听力问题	828	63.40
不正确地服用某些药物也可以导致耳聋	927	70.98

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表 2 不同组别大学生听力损失筛查阳性率比较(n=1 306)

Table 2. Comparison of positive screening results of hearing loss among college students with different groups(n=1 306)

组别	选项	人数	听力损失阳性人数	χ²值	P值	组别	选项	人数	听力损失阳性人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	672	226(33.63)	2.38	0.12	饮食	规律	1 067	324(30.37)	4.80	0.03
	女	634	188(29.65)				不规律	239	90(37.66)
年级	大一	455	154(33.85)	1.73	0.42	每周运动锻炼次数	≤2	778	263(33.80)	3.94	0.05
	大二	430	128(29.77)				>3	528	151(28.60)
	大三	421	132(31.35)			焦虑状态	有	188	74(39.36)	5.96	0.02
生源地	城市	368	110(29.89)	0.79	0.68		无	1 118	340(30.41)
	郊区或城镇	567	183(32.28)			听力保健认知	佳	855	252(29.47)	5.67	0.02
	农村	371	121(32.61)				差	451	162(35.92)
近一学年学习成绩	优秀	401	109(27.18)	6.83	0.03	父母最高学历	初中及以下	276	105(38.04)	8.47	0.01
	中等	697	228(32.71)				高中或大专	829	257(31.00)
	偏差	208	77(37.02)				本科及以上	201	52(25.87)
耳机日累计使用时间/h	≤4	849	248(29.21)	6.94	0.01	家庭人均月收入/元	< 3 000	349	119(34.10)	4.69	0.10
	>4	457	166(36.32)				3 000~5 000	734	215(29.29)
耳机单次使用时间/h	≤1	964	281(29.15)	11.06	< 0.01		>5000	223	80(35.87)
	>1	342	133(38.89)			家庭氛围	融洽	528	147(27.84)	6.42	0.04
睡眠时间/(h·d^-1)	< 8	789	272(34.47)	7.09	0.01		一般	714	243(34.03)
	≥8	517	142(27.47)				冲突较多	64	24(37.50)
注： ()内数字为阳性率/%。

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表 3 大学生听力损失筛查阳性相关因素的Logistic回归分析(n=1 306)

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of the related factors of the positive screening of college students with hearing loss(n=1 306)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
耳机日累计使用时间/h	>4	0.14	0.04	12.21	< 0.01	1.23(1.03~1.42)
耳机单次使用时间/h	>1	0.17	0.03	11.08	< 0.01	1.14(1.02~1.32)
听力保健认知	佳	-0.09	0.06	9.58	0.01	0.54(0.31~0.67)
父母最高学历	本科及以上	-0.07	0.02	9.17	< 0.01	0.76(0.47~0.89)
	高中或大专	-0.02	0.05	11.34	< 0.01	0.37(0.15~0.67)
注：耳机日累计使用时间以≤4 h为参照，耳机单次使用时间以≤1 h为参照，听力保健认知以差为参照，父母最高学历以初中及以下为参照。

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