阶段恢复训练对孤独症谱系障碍儿童的影响

商健; 王晓芳

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.04.017

阶段恢复训练对孤独症谱系障碍儿童的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.04.017

商健,
王晓芳^,

西南医科大学体育学院, 四川泸州 646099

基金项目:

西南医科大学项目 LZJY202113

详细信息

作者简介:
商健(1979-)，男，四川泸州人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为体育运动学

通讯作者:
王晓芳, E-mail: 15661228637@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R748 B844.1 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-27
- 修回日期: 2023-02-15
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-25

Effects of stage recovery training on children with autism spectrum disorder

SHANG Jian,
WANG Xiaofang^,

Department of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou(646099), Sichuan Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨阶段恢复训练对孤独症谱系障碍儿童的影响, 为科学合理制定康复恢复训练计划提供参考。方法筛选泸州市儿童医院59名孤独症谱系障碍儿童为研究对象, 并随机分为对照组、干预Ⅰ组、干预Ⅱ组进行T1-T4 4个阶段恢复训练, 干预Ⅰ组和干预Ⅱ组分别侧重运动类及补交类训练。训练前后, 利用自闭症行为量表(ABC)筛查患儿的感觉、语言、动作、交往以及生活自理能力。结果 3组儿童(ABC)总体评分在T1和T2阶段差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05), 在T3和T4阶段差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为3.98, 5.09, P值均 < 0.05), 且表现为干预Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组低于对照组。分维度来看, 3组儿童除语言评分差异无统计学意义外(P值均>0.05), 感觉、交往、动作、生活自理评分差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。相较于对照组, 干预Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组儿童总体评分在T3和T4阶段差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。相较于T1阶段, 对照组儿童总体评分在T2、T3和T4阶段的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05), 而干预Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组总体评分在T2~T4阶段的差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。结论阶段恢复训练有助于缓解孤独症谱系障碍儿童的总体症状, 侧重体力运动的阶段恢复训练能够有效缓解患儿躯体功能, 侧重社交互动的阶段恢复训练更有利于提高患儿社交能力。
- 孤独性障碍 /
- 健康促进 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To explore the impact of stage recovery training on children with autism spectrum disorder, and to provide reference for the scientific and rational rehabilitation and recovery training plans. Methods A total of 59 children with autism spectrum disorder in Luzhou were recruited and randomly divided into control group, intervention group Ⅰ and intervention group Ⅱ for 4 stages of T1-T4 recovery training.Before and after the training, Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) was used to assess child's sensation, language, motor, communication and self-care ability. Results There was no significant difference in the overall score of the ABC among the three groups in T1 and T2 stages (P>0.05), but there was significant difference in T3 and T4 stages (F=3.98, 5.09, P < 0.05), which showed the intervention group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were lower than the control group.In terms of dimensions, in addition to the insignificant difference in language scores (P>0.05), there were significant differences in feeling, communication, movement, and self-care scores (P < 0.05).Overall score of the ABC in intervention group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ was lower than the control group (P < 0.05).Compared with the control group, the overall scores of children in intervention Ⅰ and intervention Ⅱ were significant in both T3 and T4 stages (P < 0.05).Compared with T1 stage, there were no significant differences in the overall scores of children in the control group in T2 stage, T3 stage and T4 stage (P>0.05), while significant difference was observed in the intervention group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ in T2-T4 stage (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stage recovery training might help to alleviate the overall symptoms of children with autism spectrum disorder in sensation, communication, motor development and self-care behaviors.The stage recovery training focusing on physical exercise can effectively alleviate the physical function of the child, while those focusing on social interaction is more conducive to improving child's social ability.
- Autistic disorder /
- Health promotion /
- Intervention studies /
- Child
注释:

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表 1 孤独症谱系障碍儿童阶段恢复训练干预方案内容与说明

Table 1. The content and description of the phased recovery training intervention program on children with autism spectrum disorder

组别	阶段训练	内容	说明
干预Ⅰ组	前期	单人运动训练，包括跑、跳、爬	预先设定轨迹路障，每项测试循环3次
	中期	双人运动训练，包括接力蛙跳+兔跳、接力推轮胎跑、两人三足	每项测试循环2次，同一周期内人员固定
	后期	小组运动训练，包括老鹰捉小鸡、合力运球	每项测试1次，5人为一组且同一周期内人员固定
干预Ⅱ组	前期	单人搭积木	单人测试循环3次
	中期	双人合力搭积木	双人测试循环2次，同一周期内人员固定
	后期	小组合力搭积木	小组测试1次，5人为一组且同一周期内人员固定

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表 2 不同组别儿童阶段恢复训练前后自闭症行为评分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of overall scoring results before and after children stage recovery training in different groups(x±s)

组别	感觉							语言
组别	T1	T2	T3	T4	t₁值	t₂值	t₃值	T1	T2	T3	T4	t₁值	t₂值	t₃值
对照组	12.02±0.55	11.54±0.99	10.12±1.30	9.87±1.63	1.85	5.87^**	5.45^**	5.87±0.28	5.64±1.10	5.46±2.19	5.30±2.41	0.88	0.81	1.02
干预Ⅰ组	12.45±0.76	10.81±1.74	8.51±2.81	7.45±3.59	3.86^**	6.05^**	6.09^**	5.56±0.46	4.33±1.98	3.09±3.80	2.64±4.57	2.71^*	2.89^**	2.84^**
干预Ⅱ组	12.84±0.97	10.29±2.09	8.22±3.03	6.93±3.82	2.75^**	5.61^**	6.07^**	5.43±0.62	4.55±2.36	3.33±4.22	2.95±4.40	1.61	2.20^*	2.50^*
F值	5.35	2.71	3.20	4.68				4.35	2.64	2.64	2.64
P值	< 0.01	0.08	< 0.05	0.01				0.02	0.08	0.08	0.08

组别	动作							交往
组别	T1	T2	T3	T4	t₁值	t₂值	t₃值	T1	T2	T3	T4	t₁值	t₂值	t₃值
对照组	13.78±0.75	13.44±1.17	13.36±1.47	13.11±1.73	1.07	1.11	1.55	17.23±1.05	16.55±2.69	15.81±4.23	15.62±4.50	1.03	1.42	1.52
干预Ⅰ组	13.25±0.82	12.37±1.76	11.48±2.81	10.63±3.65	2.03	2.70^*	3.13^**	16.94±1.10	13.56±3.94	11.04±5.93	10.35±6.39	3.70^**	4.37^**	4.55^**
干预Ⅱ组	13.16±0.91	12.22±2.14	11.37±3.46	10.13±3.57	1.81	2.24^*	3.68^**	16.69±1.12	13.21±4.72	10.60±6.70	9.56±6.45	3.21^**	4.01^**	4.87^**
F值	3.15	2.81	3.25	5.02				1.19	4.30	4.90	6.09
P值	0.05	0.07	< 0.05	< 0.01				0.31	0.02	0.01	< 0.01

组别	生活自理							总分
组别	T1	T2	T3	T4	t₁值	t₂值	t₃值	T1	T2	T3	T4	t₁值	t₂值	t₃值
对照组	13.03±1.23	12.58±1.69	12.10±1.51	11.86±2.46	0.94	2.08	1.85	61.93±3.86	59.75±7.64	56.85±10.70	55.78±12.73	1.11	1.95	2.02
干预Ⅰ组	13.48±1.31	11.45±2.31	9.23±3.75	8.48±4.33	3.42^**	4.78^**	4.94^**	61.68±4.45	52.52±11.73	43.35±18.90	39.55±21.53	3.27^**	4.22^**	4.50^**
干预Ⅱ组	13.66±1.34	11.29±2.53	8.91±4.18	8.17±4.34	3.70^**	4.84^**	5.41^**	61.78±4.96	51.56±13.84	42.43±21.59	37.74±22.58	3.11^**	3.91^**	4.65^**
F值	1.22	1.95	5.22	5.51				0.02	2.97	3.98	5.09
P值	0.30	0.15	< 0.01	< 0.01				0.99	0.06	0.02	< 0.01
注： t₁值是T2与T1阶段比较的结果，t₂值是T3与T1阶段比较的结果，t₃值是T4与T1阶段比较的结果；P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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