混合教育模式对大学新生睡眠干预效果分析

王连稹; 赵佩; 杨晓波; 石焕霞

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.04.016

混合教育模式对大学新生睡眠干预效果分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.04.016

北京城市学院教育学部, 北京 101399

详细信息

作者简介:
王连稹(1976-)，女，山东省人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为儿童健康教育

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G478 B844.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-20
- 修回日期: 2023-02-03
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-25

Effect of a blended learning mode of sleeping intervention for college freshmen

Faculty of Education, Beijing City University, Beijing(101399), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨睡眠教育项目对大学新生睡眠时间、知识、态度、习惯及日间嗜睡的影响, 为改善大学生的睡眠状况提供参考。方法采用整群抽样法, 选取北京市某高校大一新生为研究对象(实验组前测288人, 后测187人, 追访108人; 对照组前测207人, 后测105人), 将睡眠教育内容嵌入其他课程, 采用混合教育模式对实验组进行为期10周的干预, 对照组不做干预。两组人员分别在基线和干预后2周进行问卷评估, 实验组在后测后9个月进行追访。结果干预后, 与对照组相比, 实验组学习日和周末就寝时间分别提前21, 17 min (t值分别为-2.78, -2.15, P值均 < 0.05);实验组学习日夜睡眠时长长于对照组19 min (t=3.51, P < 0.01)。实验组睡前带电子产品上床现象和入睡不拖延、睡眠知识、睡眠态度、睡眠习惯、日间嗜睡得分均优于对照组(χ²/t值分别为9.15, 2.82, 5.71, 3.98, 2.41, -4.90, P值均 < 0.05)。与干预前相比, 干预后实验组学习日和周末就寝时间分别提前11, 17 min (t值分别为3.50, 3.67, P值均 < 0.01), 学习日和周末夜睡眠时长分别延长13, 18 min (t值分别为-3.01, -3.67, P值均 < 0.05), 日间嗜睡、睡前带电子产品上床现象、入睡不拖延、睡眠知识、睡眠态度、睡眠习惯总分均有所改善(χ²/t值分别为4.64, 15.19, -2.08, -9.31, -3.28, -2.14, P值均 < 0.05)。后测后9个月追访时, 学习日就寝时间提前8 min (t=2.00), 学习日夜睡眠时长延长9 min (t=-2.15), 睡前带电子产品上床现象和睡眠知识依然有所改善(χ²/t值分别是21.50, -6.26)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论将睡眠教育内容嵌入高校其他课程并以混合教育模式实施可以提高学生睡眠知识、改善睡眠态度和部分习惯, 降低白天嗜睡。
- 教育 /
- 睡眠 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the impact of sleep education programs on freshman'sleep time, knowledge, attitudes, behavior and daytime sleepiness, so as to provide a reference for further improving the sleep status of college students. Methods By using the method of cluster sampling, freshmen were invited from a university in Beijing (288 at baseline, 187 at posttest and 108 at follow-up for experimental group (EG); 207 at baseline and 105 at posttest for control group (CG).The sleep education content was embedded into other courses and implemented in a blending learning mode for EG, lasting 10-weeks, while the CG received no intervention.Both groups were assessed using questionnaires at both baseline and 2 weeks after the intervention, and reassessed at 9 months follow-up after posttest for EG. Results After intervention, compared with CG, the weekday and weekend bedtime in EG was 21 min and 17 min earlier than that in CG respectively (t=-2.78, -2.15, P < 0.05).The sleep duration at night on weekday in EG was 19 min longer than that in CG (t=3.51, P < 0.01).In EG, the phenomenon of going to bed with electronic products before sleep, no delay in falling asleep, sleep knowledge, sleep attitude, sleep habit and daytime sleepiness were significantly better than those in CG (χ²/t=9.15, 2.82, 5.71, 3.98, 2.41, -4.90, P < 0.05).After intervention, comparing with that at baseline, the weekday and weekend bedtime in EG were significantly earlier by 11 min and 17 min respectively (t=3.50, 3.67, P < 0.01), the sleep duration at nights on weekdays and weekend increased by 13 min and 18 min, respectively (t=-3.01, -3.67, P < 0.05), and the daytime sleepiness, going to bed with electronic products before sleep, no delay in falling asleep, sleep knowledge, sleep attitude and sleep habit were significantly improved (χ²/t=4.64, 15.19, -2.08, -9.31, -3.28, -2.14, P < 0.05).At the 9 months follow-up after the posttest, the bedtime on working day was significantly advanced by 8 min (t=2.00), the sleep duration at night on working day was prolonged by 9 min (t=-2.15), and the phenomenon of going to bed with electronic products before sleep and sleep knowledge were still significantly improved (χ²/t=21.50, -6.26)(P < 0.05). Conclusion Sleep education programs embedded in other courses and implemented in a blending learning mode can improve students'sleep knowledge, sleep attitude and some habits, and reduce daytime sleepiness.
- Education /
- Sleep /
- Intervention studies /
- Mental health /
- Students
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表 1 睡眠干预优慕课平台课程活动内容

Table 1. Curriculum activities of sleep intervention on UMOOC online flatform

活动	主题	活动内容
1	不要再熬夜了，睡觉才是王道	视频内容：睡眠与记忆、睡眠不足的危害(记忆力、认知、健康等)、改善睡眠的策略。作业：学习心得、制定睡眠制度并落实。
2	我们为什么要睡觉	视频内容：睡眠生理意义、睡眠不足及瞌睡的危害、改善睡眠的策略、重症精神疾病与睡眠失调的关系。作业：学习心得，深入了解光线和电子设备是如何干扰睡眠的；制定睡前电子产品使用常规。
3	22:00—2:00不要熬夜	视频内容：睡眠的功能、睡眠不足的危害、睡眠黄金时间。作业：睡前卫生，重点了解咖啡(茶)与睡眠。
4	睡眠的排毒作用	视频内容：睡眠有助于神经系统代谢废物排出。作业：学习心得，感受自己睡够了吗(日间嗜睡)。
5	深度睡眠对大脑的好处	视频内容：深度睡眠对大脑的好处、如何睡得更好。作业：总结深度睡眠的好处，探析如何增加深度睡眠。
6	不规律睡眠的影响	视频内容：不规律睡眠的影响。作业：分析不规律睡眠的影响，总结并落实规律睡眠策略，如周末不拖延、定时起床。
7	晚睡的影响	视频内容：晚睡的影响。作业：如何应对睡眠拖延，重点讨论控制电子产品的使用和睡眠常规的建立。
8	睡眠卫生	视频内容：改善睡眠以及快速入睡的方法。作业：列出改善睡眠及快速入睡的方法并落实。
9	睡眠与觉醒生理	视频内容：睡眠与觉醒生理。作业：分析睡眠不同时相的各自表现及生理意义。
10	睡眠卫生	视频内容：改善睡眠以及快速入睡的方法。总结大作业：总结睡眠不同时相的各自表现及生理意义、睡眠不良的影响、睡眠影响因素及改善策略，并归结自己的落实情况及体会。

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表 2 干预前后两组大学新生睡眠时间比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of sleep time of freshmen in two groups before and after intervention(x±s)

组别	干预前后	人数	统计值	学习日就寝时间	周末就寝时间	学习日晨醒时间	周末晨醒时间	学习日夜睡眠时长/h	周末夜睡眠时长/h	学习日午睡时长/min	周末午睡时长/min
对照组	干预前	207		23:39±0.73	00:15±1.16	7:05±0.31	8:54±1.40	7.18±0.64	8.40±1.12	26.36±27.60	50.80±51.11
	干预后	105		23:49±1.21	00:11±1.21	7:18±0.36	8:57±1.36	7.12±0.77	8.47±1.01	18.62±30.93	57.62±61.72
			t值	-1.54	0.48	-4.88	-0.31	0.68	-0.48	2.25	-1.05
			P值	0.12	0.63	< 0.01	0.76	0.50	0.63	< 0.05	0.30
实验组	干预前	288		23:39±0.63	00:11±0.91	7:03±0.58	8:51±1.13	7.22±0.75	8.37±0.84	28.57±43.20	50.23±60.32
	干预后	187		23:28±0.50	23:54±0.69	7:14±0.41	8:50±0.98	7.43±0.68	8.67±0.87	18.74±23.26	24.49±42.44
	后测后9个月	108		23:31±0.55	00:00±0.80	7:06±0.46	8:40±1.16	7.37±0.56	8.43±1.04	44.64±128.85	44.54±47.99
			F值	6.26	6.38	7.83	1.31	5.34	6.24	2.96	13.71
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.27	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.51	< 0.01

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表 3 干预前后两组大学新生睡眠知识、态度、习惯和日间嗜睡得分比较(x±s)

Table 3. The score of sleep knowledge, attitude, behaviours and daytime sleepiness in two groups before and after intervention(x±s)

组别	干预前后	人数	统计值	入睡不拖延	规律睡眠	睡眠习惯	睡眠知识	睡眠态度	日间嗜睡
对照组	干预前	207		1.61±0.73	4.10±1.07	23.09±4.37	24.31±8.57	6.00±1.48	7.03±2.79
	干预后	105		1.58±0.79	4.10±1.06	22.43±4.57	23.08±14.76	5.77±1.93	7.62±3.29
			t值	0.31	0.03	1.24	0.79	1.09	-1.58
			P值	0.76	0.98	0.22	0.43	0.28	0.12
实验组	干预前	288		1.70±0.84	4.12±0.93	22.84±4.27	24.34±9.04	6.05±1.60	6.85±2.32
	干预后	187		1.87±0.85	4.28±0.94	23.69±4.12	32.01±8.36	6.54±1.59	5.84±2.30
	后测后9个月	108		1.73±0.77	4.20±0.87	23.28±3.51	30.62±8.49	6.17±1.63	7.56±2.74
			F值	3.04	1.73	3.27	49.98	5.43	19.49
			P值	< 0.05	0.18	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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