Knowledge of comprehensive sexuality education and influencing factors among junior high school teachers
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摘要:
目的 了解中国六省市初中教师基于全面性教育的性知识知晓情况及相关影响因素, 为开展师资培训工作提供科学依据。 方法 2021年6-12月采用方便抽样法在北京市、重庆市、辽宁省、四川省、云南省和广东省抽取1 016名初中教师, 使用结构化问卷调查教师基于全面性教育的性知识知晓情况, 采用二分类Logistic回归分析初中教师性知识知晓情况的相关影响因素。 结果 初中教师基于全面性教育的性知识知晓率为58.1%, 向学生开展过性教育的教师性知识知晓率更高(χ2=9.42, P < 0.01);性传播疾病防治(26.0%)、不平等对恋爱关系的影响(33.6%)、大众媒体对性认知的影响(68.8%)正确率最低; 无论是否向学生开展过性教育, 生物学教师、校医/保健教师及心理健康教师的性知识知晓率均较高(OR值分别为2.32, 4.17, P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 中国初中教师基于全面性教育的性知识水平还有待提高, 应加强初中教师的全面性教育师资培训, 重点关注全面性教育相关学科的教师。 Abstract:Objective To understand knowledge of comprehensive sexuality education and its associated factors among junior high school teachers in six provinces in China, in order to provide a scientific basis for teacher training. Methods From June to December 2021, a convenience sampling method was used to select 1 016 junior high school teachers from Beijing, Chongqing, Liaoning, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces.A structured questionnaire was used to investigate teachers'knowledge of comprehenswe sexuality education.Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the related influencing factors of the knowledge of comprehensive sexuality education among junior high school teachers. Results The study showed that the knowledge rate of comprehensive sexuality education among middle school teachers was 58.1%, and the knowledge rate was higher in teachers who had conducted sexuality education to students (χ2=9.42, P < 0.01).The percentage of the correct answer on the prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases (26.0%), the impact of inequality on love relationships (33.6%), and the impact of mass media on sexual cognition (68.8%) was the lowest.Regardless of whether they had implemented sexuality education for students, the knowledge and awareness rate of sexual knowledge among biology teachers, school doctors/health teachers and mental health teachers was higher (OR=2.32, 4.17, P < 0.05). Conclusion Knowledge of comprehensive sexuality education among middle school teachers still needs to be improved.It is advisable to strengthen the training of comprehensive sexuality education for middle school teachers and focus on teachers of subjects related to comprehensive sexuality education. -
Key words:
- Sex education /
- Knowledge /
- Health education /
- Regression analysis
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 初中教师的人口学特征在有无开展过性教育组间比较
Table 1. Comparison of demographic characteristics of middle school teachers whether or not had provided sexuality education
特征 选项 人数 开展过性教育 没有开展过性教育 χ2值 P值 地区a 东部 327 129(39.4) 198(60.6) 28.85 < 0.01 西部 689 396(57.5) 293(42.5) 性别 男 341 156(45.7) 185(54.3) 7.22 < 0.01 女 675 369(54.7) 306(45.3) 年龄/岁 < 50 785 415(52.9) 370(47.1) 1.97 0.16 ≥50 231 110(47.6) 121(52.4) 学历 中专或大专 47 22(46.8) 25(53.2) 0.57 0.75 本科 901 469(52.1) 432(47.9) 硕士或以上 68 34(50.0) 34(50.0) 学科 数学 151 83(55.0) 68(45.0) 65.46 < 0.01 语文 162 89(54.9) 73(45.1) 英语 160 96(60.0) 64(40.0) 体育与健康 106 44(41.5) 62(58.5) 道德与法治 65 39(60.0) 26(40.0) 其他健康教育相关学科b 75 62(82.7) 13(17.3) 其他学科 297 112(37.7) 185(62.3) 班主任 是 285 205(71.9) 80(28.1) 65.09 < 0.01 否 731 320(43.8) 411(56.2) 接受过性教育相关培训 是 272 211(77.6) 61(22.4) 99.79 < 0.01 否 744 314(42.2) 430(57.8) 全面性教育相关知识知晓情况 知晓 590 329(55.8) 261(44.2) 9.42 < 0.01 不知晓 426 196(46.0) 230(54.0) 注： a东部包括北京市、辽宁省和广东省，西部包括重庆市、四川省和云南省；b其他健康教育相关学科的教师包括生物学教师、校医/保健教师和心理健康教师。()内数字为报告率/%。 
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表 2 初中教师性知识各题正确率在是否开展过性教育组间比较
Table 2. Comparison of correct rates of middle school teachers' sexual knowledge between the groups whether they had conducted sexuality education
题目 开展过性教育(n=525) 没有开展过性教育(n=491) 合计(n=1 016) χ2值 P值 人与人之间存在不同类型的关系 523(99.6) 483(98.4) 1 006(99.0) 0.21a 任何人都不应该被歧视 522(99.4) 484(98.6) 1 006(99.0) 0.06a 人人享有性与生殖健康的权利 514(97.9) 481(98.0) 995(97.9) < 0.01 0.95 青春期会出现较大的生理心理和社会交往的变化 512(97.5) 474(96.5) 986(97.0) 0.86 0.35 未成年人生育存在健康风险 506(96.4) 473(96.3) 979(96.4) < 0.01 0.97 社会规范和同伴关系会影响性行为与性决策 491(93.5) 461(93.9) 951(93.6) 0.01 0.92 对性行为的接受程度受到社会文化的影响 490(93.3) 445(90.6) 950(93.5) 0.23 0.63 艾滋病感染者容易遭受歧视与不公待遇 489(93.1) 460(93.7) 935(92.0) 2.53 0.11 激素在青春期发育与怀孕过程中发挥重要作用 488(93.0) 439(89.4) 927(91.2) 3.99 0.05 不同避孕措施有不同的避孕效果和副作用b 411(78.3) 355(72.3) 766(75.4) 4.90 0.03 对自己外貌和体型的负面评价会影响自身健康b 407(77.5) 351(71.5) 758(74.6) 4.88 0.03 网络和社交媒体存在性方面的错误认知b 386(73.5) 313(63.7) 699(68.8) 11.30 < 0.01 地位不平等会对恋爱关系产生不良影响b 193(36.8) 148(30.1) 341(33.6) 4.99 0.03 各种性传播疾病都可以预防和治疗b 150(28.6) 114(23.2) 264(26.0) 3.78 0.05 注：a为Fisher确切概率法；b为在调查问卷中设置为反向题。()内数字为正确率/%。
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表 3 开展过性教育的初中教师性知识知晓情况相关因素的Logistic回归分析
Table 3. Logistic regression analysis on the related factors of sexual knowledge of the teachers who had conducted sexuality education
自变量 选项 人数 知晓人数 知晓率/% 单因素分析 多因素分析 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 年龄/岁 ≥50 110 60 54.5 1.00 1.00 < 50 415 269 64.8 1.54(1.00~2.35) 0.05 1.51(0.97~2.33) 0.07 任教学科 数学 83 45 54.2 1.00 1.00 语文 89 60 67.4 1.75(0.94~3.24) 0.08 1.65(0.89~3.09) 0.11 英语 96 67 69.8 1.95(1.06~3.60) 0.03 1.91(1.03~3.54) 0.04 体育与健康 44 22 50.0 0.84(0.41~1.76) 0.65 0.84(0.40~1.76) 0.64 道德与法治 39 21 53.8 0.99(0.46~2.11) 0.97 1.01(0.47~2.17) 0.99 其他健康教育相关学科* 62 45 72.6 2.24(1.10~4.53) 0.03 2.32(1.14~4.73) 0.02 其他学科 112 69 61.6 1.36(0.76~2.41) 0.30 1.37(0.76~2.45) 0.29 接受过性教育 否 314 209 66.6 1.00 1.00 相关培训 是 211 120 56.9 0.66(0.46~0.95) 0.03 0.69(0.47~0.99) 0.04 注： *其他健康教育相关学科的教师包括生物学教师、校医/保健教师和心理健康教师。
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表 4 没有开展过性教育的初中教师性知识知晓情况相关因素的Logistic回归分析
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis on the related factors of sexual knowledge of the teachers who had not conducted sexuality education
自变量 选项 人数 知晓人数 知晓率/% 单因素分析 多因素分析 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 地区 东部 198 96 48.5 1.00 1.00 西部 293 165 56.3 1.37(0.95~1.97) 0.09 1.52(1.04~2.22) 0.03 年龄/岁 ≥50 121 55 45.5 1.00 1.00 < 50 370 206 55.7 1.51(1.00~2.28) 0.05 1.63(1.07~2.50) 0.02 学科 数学 68 30 44.1 1.00 1.00 语文 73 44 60.3 1.92(0.98~3.76) 0.06 2.05(1.04~4.03) 0.04 英语 64 31 48.4 1.19(0.60~2.36) 0.62 1.21(0.61~2.42) 0.59 体育与健康 62 31 50.0 1.27(0.63~2.53) 0.50 1.06(0.52~2.14) 0.88 道德与法治 26 18 69.2 2.85(1.09~7.45) 0.03 2.92(1.11~7.71) 0.03 其他健康教育相关学科* 13 10 76.9 4.22(1.07~16.72) 0.04 4.17(1.04~16.70) 0.04 其他学科 185 97 52.4 1.40(0.80~2.44) 0.24 1.40(0.80~2.46) 0.24 注： *其他健康教育相关学科的教师包括生物学教师、校医/保健教师和心理健康教师。
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