成都市6~12岁儿童常消费预包装食品营养成分分析

肖旭阳; 邬东; 谭兵兵; 吕瑞琦; 乔田; 成果

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.04.009

成都市6~12岁儿童常消费预包装食品营养成分分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.04.009

肖旭阳¹,
邬东¹,
谭兵兵¹,
吕瑞琦¹,
乔田¹,
成果^{2, 3, ,}

1.
四川大学华西公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系/华西第四医院，成都 610041
2.
四川大学华西第二医院西部妇幼医学研究院
3.
四川大学华西护理学院

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2020YFC2006300

详细信息

作者简介:
肖旭阳(1995-)，男，四川德昌人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为营养与健康

通讯作者:
成果，E-mail：ehw_cheng@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R153.2⁺² R151.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-31
- 修回日期: 2022-12-29
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-25

Analysis on the nutritional composition of prepackaged foods commonly consumed by children aged 6-12 in Chengdu

1.
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Heath and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu(610041), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析成都市儿童经常消费的预包装食品营养成分现状，为开展儿童青少年健康教育提供科学依据。方法基于西南儿童营养与生长发育队列2021—2022年成都调查点6~12岁队列儿童的3 d 24 h膳食调查数据，采取线下线上结合的方式收集预包装食品营养信息，对全部食品逐级分类, 统计每100 g或100 mL食品的营养素含量，并对营养素含量进行分级判断。结果共调查了十大类23个亚类1 902种儿童预包装食品。坚果种子类、休闲食品类、方便速食类和其他乳制品类总能量较高(2 476，2 027，1 728，1 816 kJ/100 g)，营养素参考值百分比(NRV%)均超过20%。鱼禽肉蛋及其制品类蛋白质含量(22.8 g/100 g)最高，NRV%为38%；坚果种子类脂肪含量(47.5 g/100 g)最高，NRV%为79%；糖果果冻类碳水化合物含量(82.1 g/100 g)最高，NRV%为27%；调味面制品类钠含量(2 352 mg/100 g)最高，NRV%高达118%。调味面制品类、方便速食类食品大多属于高钠高脂高碳水化合物食品，烘焙膨化类食品几乎均为高脂高碳水化合物食品，鱼禽肉蛋及其制品类和豆制品类蛋白质含量丰富，但多属于高钠食品，饮料冷饮类除碳水化合物外，其余营养素含量均较低。结论成都市各类儿童常消费预包装食品营养素含量差异较大，儿童常摄入的食品多为高钠、高脂和/或高碳水化合物食品。需加强相关营养宣传教育，帮助儿童选择健康食品。
- 预包装食品 /
- 营养价值 /
- 营养调查 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To analyze the current nutritional composition of commonly consumed prepackaged foods among children in Chengdu and to provide a scientific basis for health education among children and adolescents. Methods Based on the 3-day and 24-hour dietary data of children aged 6-12 in Chengdu of the Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth Cohort from 2021 to 2022, the nutritional information of prepackaged foods was collected by combining offline and online methods. All foods were classified step by step, and the nutrient content of each 100 g or 100 mL food was counted and graded. Results A total of 1 902 children's prepackaged foods in 23 sub-categories of 10 major categories were investigated. Nuts and seeds, snack foods, instant foods and other dairy products had higher total energy(2 476, 2 027, 1 728, 1 816 kJ/100 g), with the nutrient reference value percentage(NRV%) exceeding 20%. Fish, poultry, meat, eggs and their products had the highest protein content(22.8 g/100 g) with an NRV% of 38%, nuts and seeds had the highest fat content(47.5 g/100 g) with an NRV% of 79%, confectionery and jelly had the highest carbohydrate content(82.1 g/100 g) with an NRV% of 27%, and seasoning flour products had the highest sodium content with an NRV% up to 118%. Seasoning flour products and instant foods were mostly high-sodium, high-fat and high-carbohydrate food. Baked and puffed foods were almost high-fat and high-carbohydrate. Fish, poultry, meat, eggs, beans and their products were rich in protein but mostly high in sodium. Beverages and cold drinks were low in other nutrients except carbohydrate. Conclusion The nutrient content of various prepackaged foods commonly consumed by children in Chengdu are quite different. Most of the foods consumed by children are high-sodium, high-fat and/or high-carbohydrate. Nutrition education should be strengthened to help children choose healthy foods.
- Prepackaged food /
- Nutritive value /
- Nutrition surveys /
- Child
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表 1 儿童预包装食品能量宏量营养素钠含量及NRV%分布[M(P₂₅，P₇₅)]

Table 1. Distribution of energy content, macronutrient content, sodium content and NRV% in pre-packaged food[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

食品类别	种数	能量		蛋白质		脂肪		碳水化合物		钠
食品类别	种数	含量/kJ	NRV%	含量/g	NRV%	含量/g	NRV%	含量/g	NRV%	含量/mg	NRV%
主食及方便食品	309	1 168(906, 1 514)	14(11, 18)	7.2(5.1, 8.9)	12(9, 15)	9.7(5.7, 14.6)	16(10, 24)	41.6(27.7, 52.0)	14(9, 17)	462(66, 1 445)	23(3, 72)
方便速食	107	1 728(1 225, 1 914)	21(15, 23)	7.4(6.0, 9.3)	12(10, 16)	18.5(11.7, 23.8)	31(20, 40)	48.8(38.2, 55.5)	16(13, 19)	1 914(1 246, 2 212)	96(62, 111)
速冻食品	172	961(814, 1 145)	11(10, 14)	6.6(4.5, 7.9)	11(8, 13)	8.7(5.5, 11.6)	15(9, 19)	30.6(23.9, 43.9)	10(8, 15)	339(44, 479)	17(2, 14)
挂面、粉丝	30	1 488(1 401, 1 518)	18(17, 18)	10.3(7.3, 11.7)	17(12, 20)	1.5(0.8, 2.9)	3(1, 5)	74.6(64.5, 76.0)	25(22, 25)	0(0, 40)	0(0, 2)
乳及乳制品	129	348(288, 1 317)	4(3, 16)	3.2(3.0, 6.5)	5(5, 11)	3.8(3.2, 8.0)	6(5, 13)	10.0(5.0, 30.2)	3(2, 10)	60(55, 123)	3(3, 6)
液态乳	59	280(267, 309)	3(3, 4)	3.2(3.0, 3.6)	5(5, 6)	3.7(3.1, 4.0)	6(5, 7)	5.0(4.8, 5.5)	2(2, 2)	60(50, 65)	3(3, 3)
酸奶	34	377(351, 387)	4(4, 5)	3.0(2.7, 3.1)	5(5, 5)	3.3(2.9, 3.6)	6(5, 6)	12.0(9.9, 13.0)	4(3, 4)	60(53, 61)	3(3, 3)
其他	36	1 816(1 387, 1 924)	22(17, 23)	10.9(6.5, 18.1)	18(11, 30)	15.3(11.8, 24.1)	26(20, 40)	57.2(52.3, 60.7)	19(17, 20)	230(138, 380)	12(7, 19)
鱼禽肉蛋及其制品	117	1 015(824, 1 356)	12(10, 16)	22.8(16.2, 29.8)	38(27, 50)	12.0(6.9, 18.1)	20(12, 30)	6.2(3.0, 13.1)	2(1, 4)	1 226(894, 1 680)	61(45, 84)
腌腊酱卤	94	1 007(799, 1 332)	12(10, 16)	26.0(18.6, 30.7)	43(31, 51)	11.6(6.0, 15.7)	19(10, 26)	6.5(3.0, 13.6)	2(1, 5)	1 381(979, 1 736)	69(49, 87)
肉肠罐头	23	1 107(889, 1 360)	13(11, 16)	14.9(12.5, 18.3)	25(21, 31)	18.0(10.2, 28.4)	30(17, 47)	5.4(3.3, 10.0)	2(1, 3)	770(689, 910)	39(34, 46)
休闲食品	568	2 027(1 736, 2 233)	24(21, 27)	5.6(4.0, 7.2)	9(7, 12)	23.5(17.6, 31.7)	39(29, 53)	55.7(47.3, 66.0)	19(16, 22)	583(300, 1 078)	29(15, 54)
烘焙膨化	348	2 159(2 035, 2 257)	26(24, 27)	5.3(4.5, 6.0)	9(8, 10)	28.8(21.5, 33.5)	48(36, 56)	58.7(52.3, 66.0)	20(17, 22)	485(358, 697)	24(18, 35)
调味面制品	150	1 668(668, 1 838)	20(8, 22)	8.0(2.3, 8.4)	13(4, 14)	20.5(8.6, 25.0)	34(14, 42)	44.5(21.7, 48.4)	15(7, 16)	2 352(1 298, 2 635)	118(65, 132)
糖果、果冻	70	1 700(1 405, 1 777)	20(17, 21)	1.5(0, 4.2)	3(0, 7)	1.0(0, 9.0)	2(0, 15)	82.1(74.6, 89.7)	27(25, 30)	38(17, 143)	2(1, 7)
果蔬制品	161	1 436(1 217, 1 631)	17(14, 19)	1.4(0.7, 3.9)	2(1, 7)	1.0(0, 10.1)	2(0, 17)	66.2(56.7, 81.0)	22(19, 27)	198(28, 740)	10(1, 37)
果蔬干	67	1 583(1 431, 2 059)	19(17, 25)	2.6(1.4, 5.3)	4(2, 9)	6.0(1.2, 27.6)	10(2, 46)	64.5(54.3, 79.6)	22(18, 27)	101(42, 413)	5(2, 21)
果脯蜜饯	70	1 333(1 152, 1 459)	16(14, 17)	0.7(0.6, 1.1)	1(1, 2)	0(0, 1.0)	0(0, 2)	77.7(65.2, 83.3)	26(22, 28)	323(21, 902)	16(1, 45)
其他	24	1 488(791, 2 056)	18(9, 24)	5.8(1.0, 13.3)	10(2, 22)	7.3(0, 24.6)	12(0, 41)	51.5(39.1, 59.4)	17(13, 20)	573(35, 1 114)	29(2, 56)
饮料冷饮	307	172(122, 224)	2(1, 3)	0(0, 1.0)	0(0, 2)	0(0, 1.2)	0(0, 2)	8.6(5.5, 11.5)	3(2, 4)	21(9, 49)	1(0, 2)
碳酸饮料	72	103(0, 172)	1(0, 2)	0(0, 0)	0(0, 0)	0(0, 0)	0(0, 0)	5.1(3.4, 10.0)	2(1, 3)	12(6, 18)	1(0, 1)
含乳饮料	84	190(147, 249)	2(2, 3)	1.0(0.6, 2.0)	2(1, 3)	1.2(0, 2.0)	2(0, 3)	7.5(5.6, 9.7)	3(2, 3)	47(22, 71)	2(1, 4)
果味饮料	93	180(138, 209)	2(2, 2)	0(0, 0)	0(0, 0)	0(0, 0)	0(0, 0)	10.0(7.9, 11.9)	3(3, 4)	19(6, 33)	1(0, 2)
茶饮料	29	146(22, 187)	2(0, 2)	0(0, 0)	0(0, 0)	0(0, 0)	0(0, 0)	8.0(1.6, 9.8)	3(1, 3)	20(10, 35)	1(1, 2)
冰淇淋	29	1 119(841, 1 428)	13(10, 17)	2.5(2.1, 3.1)	4(4, 5)	15.3(10.9, 24.2)	26(18, 40)	25.2(20.1, 29.4)	8(7, 10)	80(63, 122)	4(3, 6)
冲调食品	110	1 623(1 372, 1 879)	19(16, 22)	3.4(1.2, 7.5)	6(2, 13)	7.7(1.8, 15.2)	13(3, 25)	67.9(56.0, 80.0)	23(19, 27)	95(45, 195)	5(2, 10)
豆制品	74	827(752, 1 022)	10(9, 12)	18.8(14.4, 21.5)	31(24, 36)	10.9(8.5, 14.8)	18(14, 25)	7.2(5.5, 9.5)	2(2, 3)	891(849, 1 054)	45(42, 53)
坚果种子	92	2 467(2 185, 2 625)	29(26, 31)	19.0(14.5, 25.1)	32(24, 42)	47.5(33.9, 52.0)	79(57, 87)	21.5(15.1, 42.5)	7(5, 14)	458(209, 735)	23(10, 37)
调味品	35	802(409, 1 629)	10(5, 19)	2.8(1.2, 7.1)	5(2, 12)	15.0(6.0, 37.5)	25(10, 63)	6.9(5.0, 10.1)	2(2, 3)	1 972(1 340, 2 000)	99(67, 100)

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