广州市中学生超重肥胖健康教育干预效果评价

梁健平; 梁月朗; 郭嘉佳; 贡梓军; 程琦; 刘丽; 姚振江

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.04.005

广州市中学生超重肥胖健康教育干预效果评价

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.04.005

1.
广东省广州市中小学卫生健康促进中心，510180
2.
广东药科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系

基金项目:

2018年广州市教育科学规划课题 201811644

2018年度国家自然科学基金资助项目 81874271

详细信息

作者简介:
梁健平(1983-)，女，广东广州人，硕士，副主任医师，主要研究方向为青少年生长发育及健康教育

通讯作者:
姚振江，E-mail：497345240@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R723.14 R179 R193
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-05
- 修回日期: 2023-02-20
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-25

Evaluation of intervention effect of health education on overweight and obesity among middle school students in Guangzhou

1.
Guangzhou Primary and Secondary School Health Promotion Center, Guangzhou(510180), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨群体层面(健康教育讲座、公众号推送)和个人层面(个性化膳食指导意见)相结合的健康教育对广州市中学生超重肥胖的干预效果，为中学生超重肥胖的预防控制提供依据。方法于2018年通过方便抽样的方法抽取广州市3所初中和3所高中，经体检筛查出1 457名超重肥胖的12~18岁学生。对超重肥胖学生通过公众号推送健康推文、举办健康教育讲座、下发《学生个性化膳食指导意见》手册等措施进行干预，干预时间为2018年9月至2019年12月。使用χ²检验比较干预前后的超重肥胖构成比，计算需治疗人数(NNT)评价干预效果。结果干预前超重构成比为66.71%(972/1 457)，干预后下降至59.92%(873/1 457)；干预前肥胖构成比为33.29%(485/1 457)，干预后下降至26.63%(388/1 457)。肥胖学生中NNT最小的是12~13岁女生组(NNT=2.6，95%CI=1.9~4.1)，NNT最大的是14~18岁男生组(NNT=5.9，95%CI=4.7~8.1)；超重学生中12~13岁女生组NNT最小(NNT=2.7，95%CI=2.2~3.5)，14~18岁男生组NNT最大(NNT=7.4，95%CI=6.0~9.7)。结论群体层面(健康教育讲座、公众号推送)与个人层面(个性化膳食指导意见)相结合的健康教育方式可有效干预广州市中学生的超重肥胖。
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 健康教育 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of the comprehensive intervention on overweight and obesity among middle school students at the population level (health education lecture and official account push) and individual level (personalized dietary guidance), so as to provide a reference for preventing and controlling their overweight and obesity. Methods Three junior high schools and three senior high schools were randomly selected in Guangzhou in 2018 by convenience sampling. Through physical examination, 1 457 overweight and obese students aged from 12 to 18 years old were screened. Intervention was administered through "Student Personalized Dietary Guidance" manual, health tweets on the official accounts, and health education lectures from September 2018 to December 2019. The Chi-square test was used to compare the difference in overweight and obesity constituent ratio between the two groups before and after the intervention. And intervention effect was evaluated by analyzing the number needed to treated(NTT). Results The proportion of overweight before the intervention was 66.71% (972/1 457), and decreased to 59.92% (873/1 457) after the intervention; the proportion of obesity before the intervention was 33.29% (485/1 457), which decreased to 26.63% (388/1 457) after the intervention. Among obese students, the smallest NNT was seen in the girl group aged 12-13 years (NNT=2.6, 95%CI=1.9-4.1), while the largest NNT in the boy group aged 14-18 years (NNT=5.9, 95%CI=4.7-8.1). The NNT of the girls aged 12-13 years was the smallest (NNT=2.7, 95%CI=2.2-3.5), and the NNT of the boys aged 14-18 years was the largest (NNT=7.4, 95%CI=6.0-9.7). Conclusion Health education at population level (health education lectures, official account push) with individual level (personalized dietary guidance) can effectively intervene overweight and obesity among middle school students in Guangzhou.
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Health education /
- Intervention studies /
- Students
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表 1 不同性别年龄段学生干预前后营养状况分布比较

Table 1. Distribution of nutritional status of students of different sex and age before and after intervention

性别	年龄/岁	人数	干预前		干预后			χ²值	P值
性别	年龄/岁	人数	超重	肥胖	正常	超重	肥胖	χ²值	P值
男	12~13	241	160(66.39)	81(33.61)	40(16.60)	136(56.43)	65(26.97)	43.70	< 0.01
	14~18	689	429(62.26)	260(37.74)	58(8.42)	415(60.23)	216(31.35)	62.30	< 0.01
女	12~13	187	137(73.26)	50(26.74)	50(26.74)	106(56.68)	31(16.58)	58.41	< 0.01
	14~18	340	246(72.35)	94(27.65)	48(14.12)	216(63.53)	76(22.35)	51.84	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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