中国2005—2019年7~18岁汉族学生近视率的性别差异

童浩杰; 李玉兰; 祝丽玲

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.03.032

中国2005—2019年7~18岁汉族学生近视率的性别差异

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.03.032

佳木斯大学公共卫生学院, 黑龙江 154007

基金项目:

黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题立项项目 2019-286

佳木斯大学儿童青少年近视防控重点项目 JMSUSKZX-ZD002

详细信息

作者简介:
童浩杰(1999-), 男, 浙江兰溪人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为儿童青少年视力健康

通讯作者:
祝丽玲, E-mail: 18045451675@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R 778.1⁺1 R 179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-05
- 修回日期: 2023-01-23
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-25

Gender differences in myopia prevalence among Han students aged 7 to 18 years in China during 2005-2019

School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi(154007), Heilongjiang Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究中国7~18岁汉族学生近视率变化的性别差异，为精准防控儿童青少年近视提供科学依据。方法选取2005、2010、2014和2019年4次全国学生体质与健康调研数据中871 112名7~18岁学生的视力数据，分析各年龄段男女生近视率和近视率性别差异。结果中国7~18岁学生总体近视率在2005—2019年有所提高(χ²=7 265.06，P < 0.01)，近视率从2005年的47.9%上升至2019年的60.1%。学生近视率的性别差异呈减小趋势(χ²=72.24，P < 0.01)，在地区上呈现由南向北先降低后增大的“U型”分布。结论儿童青少年近视问题不容忽视，同时要重视男、女生近视率的差异，应根据性别做好精准近视防控工作。
- 近视 /
- 患病率 /
- 性别分布 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate gender differences regarding changes of myopia rates among Han Chinese students aged 7-18 years in China, and to provide a scientific basis for precise myopia prevention and control. Methods The visual acuity data of 871 112 students aged 7-18 years from four national student physical fitness and health surveys in 2005, 2010, 2014 and 2019 were selected to analyze gender differences in myopia rates and myopia rates among male and female students in each age group. Results The overall myopia rate of students aged 7-18 years in China increased from 2005 to 2019(χ²=7 265.06, P < 0.01), and the myopia rate increased from 47.9%(2005) to 60.1% (2019). Gender differences in myopia rates among students trended to decrease(χ²=72.24, P < 0.01), and showed an inverted "U-shaped" distribution from south to north, decreasing first and then increasing. Conclusion The problem of myopia in children and adolescents cannot be ignored, and the difference in myopia rates between male and female students should be taken into account, precise prevention and control of myopia accurately according to gender.
- Myopia /
- Prevalence /
- Sex distribution /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 中国汉族7~18岁2005—2019年学生近视率比较/%

Table 1. Comparison of myopia prevalence among Han Chinese students aged 7-18 years, during 2005-2019/%

性别	年份	统计值	7岁	8岁	9岁	10岁	11岁	12岁	13岁	14岁	15岁	16岁	17岁	18岁
男	2005		18.52	20.71	22.17	27.84	32.91	36.16	43.63	48.97	58.73	66.93	70.94	71.04
	2010		25.19	26.42	31.50	38.42	44.14	48.23	55.71	61.52	65.79	71.78	73.93	74.47
	2014		24.21	27.90	34.31	42.32	48.58	54.01	59.99	63.02	68.93	73.21	74.28	74.60
	2019		16.95	25.23	35.12	43.06	51.52	58.68	65.68	71.68	76.33	79.36	80.92	80.10
		χ²值	273.21	144.93	472.60	598.86	766.96	1 059.46	986.31	1 019.87	672.44	362.80	255.38	200.39
女	2005		22.09	24.81	28.02	34.65	41.52	46.75	54.27	62.00	69.34	75.79	78.84	80.12
	2010		28.62	31.19	37.52	45.28	52.54	56.86	65.92	70.38	74.22	79.56	81.53	80.70
	2014		27.31	30.77	39.28	48.18	56.79	61.49	69.81	75.15	76.96	79.85	80.30	81.56
	2019		17.35	27.34	39.82	51.13	61.73	68.19	75.90	80.25	83.98	86.32	87.65	85.79
		χ²值	393.79	124.23	371.81	592.34	833.64	920.58	1 035.73	815.95	561.49	323.94	269.66	112.50
注：P值均 < 0.01。

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表 2 中国2005—2019年7~18岁汉族男女生近视率差值比较

Table 2. Comparison of the difference in myopia rates between males and females among Han Chinese students aged 7 to 18 years, during 2005 to 2019

年份	7~9岁		10~12岁		13~15岁		16~18岁		总体
年份	城市	乡村	城市	乡村	城市	乡村	城市	乡村	城市	乡村
2005	5.65	3.34	10.01	7.34	10.70	12.03	7.28	9.97	8.53	8.26
2010	5.48	4.02	8.09	7.85	7.44	10.88	5.41	9.02	6.59	7.94
2014	4.08	3.22	7.60	6.76	8.99	11.01	5.04	8.02	6.41	7.24
2019	2.88	1.88	9.21	9.33	7.25	10.43	5.44	7.58	6.13	7.40
χ²值	161.10	105.60	62.09	67.31	137.61	19.28	79.05	59.10	78.69	52.29
注：P值均 < 0.01，表中数据为男女生近视率差值(百分点)的绝对值。

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表 3 中国2005—2019年不同地区汉族男女生近视率差值比较

Table 3. Comparison of the difference in myopia rates between males and females among Han Chinese students aged 7 to 18 years, during 2005-2019

年份	东部			中部			西部			东北部
年份	城市	乡村	小计	城市	乡村	小计	城市	乡村	小计	城市	乡村	小计
2019	4.89	6.38	5.62	4.84	6.24	5.55	7.13	8.53	7.76	4.90	9.43	6.85
2014	1.60	1.70	1.65	0.40	0.64	0.52	0.34	0.63	0.49	4.67	6.58	5.63
2010	6.68	8.35	7.51	6.09	6.46	10.63	7.38	8.93	8.14	4.39	5.87	5.14
2005	6.73	9.74	8.23	8.22	8.36	8.23	9.00	7.78	8.38	3.94	12.28	8.04
χ²值	663.61	1 087.95	4 176.99	753.95	698.54	2 075.63	1 541.66	1 465.51	2 904.83	5.72	165.76	84.74
P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.13	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：表中数据为男女生近视率差值(百分点)的绝对值。

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