Trends and influencing factors of endurance performance of Han college students in Hunan Province during 1985—2019
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摘要:
目的 分析1985—2019年湖南省19~22岁大学生耐力素质的变化趋势及影响因素，为高校体育卫生工作的决策提供客观科学的依据。 方法 采用回顾性分析方法，从1985—2019年连续进行的8次全国学生体质与健康调查中选取14 490名19~22岁湖南省大学生的耐力跑数据进行分析。 结果 1985—2019年湖南省汉族19~22岁大学生耐力素质呈明显下降趋势，城市和乡村男生1 000 m跑时间平均增加41.9，45.4 s，城市和乡村女生800 m跑时间分别平均增加29.5，30.6 s。多元线性回归分析显示，年龄(β=0.17)、城乡分布(以乡村学生为参照组，β=0.44)、GDP水平(β=0.94)以及城市化水平(β=0.44)与男生耐力跑时间均值呈正相关(P值均＜0.05)；城乡分布(以乡村学生为参照组，β=0.92)、GDP水平(β=1.38)以及恩格尔系数(β=0.93)与女生耐力跑时间均值呈正相关，BMI(β=-0.47)与女生耐力跑时间均值呈负相关(P值均＜0.05)。 结论 1985—2019年湖南省汉族大学生耐力素质总体呈下降趋势，年龄、城乡分布、地区生产总值、恩格尔系数、城市化水平和BMI为耐力素质的相关因素。应采取切实有效措施提高大学生身体素质。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the trends and influencing factors of endurance performance of 19-22 years old college students in Hunan Province from 1985 to 2019, so as to provide objective and scientific basis for sports and health work in colleges and universities. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 14 490 college students aged 19-22 in Hunan Province from 8 consecutive National Student Physical Fitness and Health Surveys conducted from 1985 to 2019. The analysis indexes were 1 000 m running for boys and 800 m running for girls. Results From 1985 to 2019, the endurance running time of 19-22 years old Han college students in Hunan Province showed an obvious trend of decline. The 1 000 m running time of urban and rural male students increased by 41.9 and 45.4 s on average, and the 800 m running time of urban and rural female students increased by 29.5 and 30.6 s on average, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age (β=0.17), urban students (rural students as reference; β=0.44), GDP (β=0.94) and urbanization level (β=0.44) were positively correlated with the average endurance running time of males. Urban students (β=0.92), GDP (β=1.38) and Engel coefficient (β=0.93) were positively correlated with the average endurance running time of females. BMI (β=-0.47) was negatively correlated with the females mean time of endurance running (P < 0.05). Conclusion The endurance performance of Han college students in Hunan Province showed a declining trend from 1985 to 2019, which is associated with age, urban and rural distribution, regional GDP, Engel's coefficient, urbanization level and BMI. Effective measures should be taken to improve the physical quality of college students. -
Key words:
- Physical endurance /
- Growth and development /
- Retrospective studies /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。2) 曾媛与周琼华为共同第一作者。 -
表 1 湖南省汉族大学生1985—2019年耐力跑时间(s, x±s)
Table 1. Comparison of endurance running time of Han college students in Hunan Province from 1985 to 2020(s, x±s)
年份 城乡 男生 女生 19岁 20岁 21岁 22岁 总体 19岁 20岁 21岁 22岁 总体 1985 城市 227.4±17.8 230.9±21.4 230.4±20.4 235.8±18.3 231.1±19.7 227.0±18.6 232.2±21.9 228.2±19.4 247.0±20.6 229.8±20.4 乡村 221.4±13.3 223.7±17.3 221.7±17.6 222.9±17.0 222.4±16.4 219.6±18.6 221.0±18.0 221.4±16.1 237.0±22.5 223.0±19.4 1991 城市 234.1±23.6 230.7±18.7 235.2±22.1 236.3±20.7 233.4±21.2 230.2±20.8 230.0±20.3 243.0±24.7 251.1±24.3 235.2±23.3 乡村 224.1±17.7 222.2±16.5 222.8±14.4 227.9±18.0 223.8±17.0 226.5±19.2 225.6±21.9 266.3±18.2 236.3±19.3 227.8±20.3 1995 城市 231.7±19.4 228.7±16.8 234.0±19.3 241.1±25.3 233.9±20.9 228.3±22.8 232.5±23.7 239.1±20.7 247.6±27.6 236.9±24.8 乡村 226.8±15.5 221.0±15.4 228.4±17.7 242.9±27.0 229.8±21.0 219.9±13.9 220.6±18.3 228.8±15.1 238.6±21.4 226.8±18.8 2000 城市 239.9±30.4 238.0±22.9 237.7±18.5 243.4±21.7 240.0±21.12 239.8±41.4 248.5±36.0 248.1±30.1 243.2±20.5 242.9±22.8 乡村 233.0±18.6 234.9±21.6 237.5±24.4 242.2±24.6 236.6±21.5 230.7±21.9 231.3±25.7 236.8±26.9 232.8±25.4 232.8±25.3 2005 城市 254.8±31.8 257.1±30.3 245.3±28.1 249.3±33.3 251.7±31.2 255.2±24.5 247.5±24.9 247.5±28.0 253.1±26.9 250.7±26.2 乡村 243.2±20.7 246.5±28.5 252.0±23.9 247.3±22.3 247.2±24.2 241.1±23.2 241.7±27.0 245.8±24.1 250.3±25.8 244.7±25.3 2010 城市 268.1±42.5 281.3±42.2 274.0±30.8 273.6±31.8 274.3±37.7 260.7±38.8 270.7±54.6 272.9±34.1 271.9±53.4 269.1±46.2 乡村 257.7±32.3 257.9±32.2 262.7±35.9 264.1±27.2 260.6±32.1 262.3±40.4 262.2±29.1 264.4±34.5 274.0±45.7 265.7±38.1 2014 城市 270.4±32.1 265.8±36.4 278.9±41.4 271.4±32.3 271.6±35.9 262.7±33.1 256.5±24.2 255.2±27.0 264.0±28.5 259.6±28.5 乡村 274.7±32.5 261.1±34.0 268.2±33.0 274.3±34.7 269.6±33.9 254.1±24.0 255.3±33.5 248.3±28.0 246.8±25.9 251.2±28.2 2019 城市 267.8±32.9 267.3±37.8 281.7±42.1 276.7±38.4 273.0±38.2 251.5±26.2 252.7±29.2 262.7±28.9 270.4±40.2 259.3±32.2 乡村 263.8±46.2 260.1±34.2 265.2±31.5 282.7±48.7 267.8±41.4 246.2±27.6 249.3±25.0 253.9±31.2 265.6±32.3 253.6±30.0 
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表 2 湖南省汉族大学生1985—2019年耐力跑时间均值增长量/s
Table 2. The average annual increment of endurance running time of Han college students in Hunan Province from 1985 to 2019/s
年份 城乡 男生 女生 19岁 20岁 21岁 22岁 总体 19岁 20岁 21岁 22岁 总体 1985—1991 城市 6.8 -0.1 4.8 0.6 2.3 3.1 -2.2 14.7 4.1 5.4 乡村 2.7 -1.5 1.1 5.0 1.4 6.9 4.6 44.9 -0.7 4.8 1991—1995 城市 -2.4 -2.0 -1.2 4.8 0.5 -1.8 2.5 -3.9 -3.5 1.7 乡村 2.7 -1.2 5.6 15.0 6.0 -6.6 -5.0 -37.5 2.2 -1.0 1995—2000 城市 8.2 9.3 3.7 2.3 6.1 11.5 16.0 9.0 -4.4 6.0 乡村 6.3 13.9 9.1 -0.7 6.8 10.8 10.6 8.0 -6.2 6.0 2000—2005 城市 14.9 19.1 7.6 5.9 11.7 15.4 -1.1 -0.6 9.9 7.8 乡村 10.2 11.6 14.5 5.2 10.6 10.4 10.4 9.0 17.9 11.9 2005—2010 城市 13.3 24.2 28.7 24.3 22.6 5.5 23.2 25.4 18.8 18.4 乡村 14.5 11.4 10.7 16.8 13.4 21.2 20.6 18.7 23.7 21.0 2010—2014 城市 2.3 -15.5 4.9 -2.2 -2.7 2.0 -14.2 -17.7 -7.9 -9.5 乡村 17.0 3.2 5.5 10.2 9.0 -8.2 -6.9 -16.1 -27.2 -14.5 2014—2019 城市 -2.6 1.5 2.8 5.3 1.4 -11.2 -3.8 7.5 6.4 -0.3 乡村 -10.9 -1.0 -3.0 8.4 -1.8 -7.9 -6.0 5.6 18.8 2.4 1985—2019 城市 40.4 36.4 51.4 40.9 41.9 24.5 20.6 34.5 23.4 29.5 乡村 42.4 36.4 43.5 59.8 45.4 26.6 28.3 32.5 28.6 30.6
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表 3 湖南省汉族大学生耐力跑时间均值影响因素的多元线性回归分析
Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of influencing factors of average endurance running time of Han college students in Hunan Province
模型 自变量 男生 女生 β值 标准误 P值 β值 标准误 P值 模型1 城乡 4.73 4.73 0.18 0.23 3.55 0.06 年龄 2.11 2.11 0.34 0.28 1.59 0.02 模型2 城乡 0.21 2.18 < 0.01 0.36 3.41 < 0.01 年龄 0.12 0.62 < 0.01 0.28 0.97 < 0.01 GDP/亿元 0.56 0.00 < 0.01 0.45 0.00 0.01 恩格尔系数/% 0.11 0.19 0.34 0.35 0.29 0.13 城镇化/% 0.57 0.11 < 0.01 0.68 0.17 < 0.01 模型3 城乡 0.44 3.78 < 0.01 0.92 4.23 < 0.01 年龄 0.17 0.87 0.02 0.20 1.01 0.06 GDP/亿元 0.94 0.00 < 0.01 1.38 0.00 < 0.01 恩格尔系数/% 0.27 0.30 0.13 0.93 0.36 < 0.01 城市化/% 0.44 0.15 < 0.01 0.20 0.24 0.18 BMI/(kg·m-2) -0.20 1.93 0.07 -0.47 4.05 0.02 注：城乡以乡村为参考。
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